Diseases Commons^™

Exploring Post-Covid-19 Health Effects And Features With Advanced Machine Learning Techniques, Muhammad N. Islam, Md S. Islam, Nahid H. Shourav, Iftiaqur Rahman, Faiz A. Faisal, Md M. Islam, Iqbal H. Sarker

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease that has had a significant impact, resulting in a range of outcomes including recovery, continued health issues, and the loss of life. Among those who have recovered, many experience negative health effects, particularly influenced by demographic factors such as gender and age, as well as physiological and neurological factors like sleep patterns, emotional states, anxiety, and memory. This research aims to explore various health factors affecting different demographic profiles and establish significant correlations among physiological and neurological factors in the post-COVID-19 state. To achieve these objectives, we have identified the post-COVID-19 health factors and …

Crosstalk Between Cytokines And Igg N-Glycosylation: Bidirectional Effects And Relevance To Clinical Innovation For Inflammatory Diseases, Zhixian Chen, Xiaojia Xu, Manshu Song, Ling Lin

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The crosstalk between cytokines and immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation forms a bidirectional regulatory network that significantly impacts inflammation and immune function. This review examines how various cytokines, both pro- and anti-inflammatory, modulate IgG N-glycosylation, shaping antibody activity and influencing inflammatory responses. In addition, we explore how altered IgG N-glycosylation patterns affect cytokine production and immune signaling, either promoting or reducing inflammation. Through a comprehensive analysis of current studies, this review underscores the dynamic relationship between cytokines and IgG N-glycosylation. These insights enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying inflammatory diseases and contribute to improved strategies for disease prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, …

Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Cancer Risk: Evidence Triangulation From Genetic Correlation, Mendelian Randomization, And Colocalization Analyses Across East Asian And European Populations, Di Liu, Meiling Cao, Haotian Wang, Weijie Cao, Chenguang Zheng, Yun Li, Youxin Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has been associated with several cancer risks in observational studies, but the observed associations have been inconsistent and may face the bias of confounding and reverse causality. The potential causal relationships between IBD and the risk of cancers remain largely unclear. Methods: We performed genome-wide linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), standard two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), and colocalization analyses using summary genome-wide association study (GWAS) data across East Asian and European populations to evaluate the causal relationships between IBD and cancers. Sensitivity analyses for the MR approach …

The Role Of Bone In Energy Metabolism: A Focus On Osteocalcin, Cassandra Smith, Xuzhu Lin, Lewan Parker, Bu B. Yeap, Alan Hayes, Itamar Levinger

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Understanding the mechanisms involved in whole body glucose regulation is key for the discovery of new treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Historically, glucose regulation was largely focused on responses to insulin and glucagon. Impacts of incretin-based therapies, and importance of muscle mass, are also highly relevant. Recently, bone was recognized as an endocrine organ, with several bone proteins, known as osteokines, implicated in glucose metabolism through their effects on the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Research efforts mostly focused on osteocalcin (OC) as a leading example. This review will provide an overview on this role of bone by …

The Pneumothorax And Symptom Evaluation (Pase) Study: Bendopnoea In Patients With Pneumothorax, Bianca M. Iacopetta, Michaela Donaghy, Chloe Charlesworth, Carolyn J. Peddle-Mcintyre, Ai Ling Tan, Y. C.Gary Lee

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Pneumothorax can cause distressing breathlessness, however the effect of the accumulated air in the pleural space and its association with diaphragmatic function and symptoms of breathlessness is not well understood. Bendopnoea is an evolving clinical symptom that has been demonstrated as clinically useful in some heart and lung conditions. Whether bendopnoea is present in patients with pneumothorax, and its potential clinical usefulness has not yet been investigated. The PASE study is a pilot study to explore the incidence and clinical relevance of bendopnoea in patients with pneumothorax and may provide better understanding of pneumothorax related dyspnoea. Methods: PASE is …

Low Remnant Cholesterol And In-Hospital Bleeding Risk After Ischemic Stroke Or Transient Ischemic Attack, Zhiyuan Wu, Haiping Zhang, Yi Xu, Xia Li, Xingang Li, Lois Balmer, Xiuhua Guo, Qi Zhang, Xiang Han, Lixin Tao

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

BACKGROUND: Bleeding risk brought by intensive lipid-lowering therapy and low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is concern-ing, while evidence regarding the relationship between remnant cholesterol and bleeding is frightening. This study aimed to investigate the association between remnant cholesterol at admission and an in-hospital bleeding event after acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 3222 eligible patients admitted to Shanghai Huashan Hospital between 2015 and 2021 with complete lipid data were analyzed. Patients were classified into low (<20.0 mg/dL), moderate (20.0–29.9 mg/dL), and high (≥30 mg/dL) groups by remnant cholesterol. The mean age of patients was 63.0± 13.1 years, including 2301 (71.4%) men and 651 (20.2%) with TIA. The median (interquartile range) of remnant cholesterol was 18.6 (13.5–25.9) mg/dL. After adjustment for confounding variables, patients with low remnant cholesterol had a higher risk of bleeding events (odds ratio, 2.56 [95% CI, 1.12–6.67]) than those with moderate remnant cholesterol. The high remnant cholesterol group was not significantly associated with bleeding risk. Combined assessment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and remnant cholesterol further identi-fied patients with the highest risk of bleeding events. CONCLUSIONS: Low remnant cholesterol levels were associated with bleeding events during the acute stage of ischemic stroke and TIA. The assessment of remnant cholesterol could inform the bleeding risk during hospitalization both for patients and physicians in clinical practice.

Effectiveness Of A Standardized Quality Control Management Procedure For Covid-19 Rt-Pcr Testing: A Large-Scale Diagnostic Accuracy Study In China, Mengyu Liu, Cuihong Tian, Yequn Chen, Jinxiu Zhu, Yan Zheng, Jianhua Chen, Zhen Li, Feng Xu, Liang Wu, Xingyu Wang, Longxu Xie, Xuerui Tan, Yingmu Cai

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The study aimed to construct a standardized quality control management procedure (QCMP) and access its accuracy in the quality control of COVID-19 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methods: Considering the initial RT-PCR results without applying QCMP as the gold standard, a large-scale diagnostic accuracy study including 4,385,925 participants at three COVID-19 RT-PCR testing sites in China, Foshan (as a pilot test), Guangzhou and Shenyang (as validation sites), was conducted from May 21, 2021, to December 15, 2022. Results: In the pilot test, the RT-PCR with QCMP had a high accuracy of 99.18% with 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value …

The Third Pleural Effusion And Symptom Evaluation (Please-3) Study: Bendopnoea In Patients With Pleural Effusion, Bapti Roy, Bianca M. Iacopetta, Carolyn J. Peddle-Mcinytre, Michaela Donaghy, Matthew Ing, Ai Ling Tan, Y. C. Gary Lee

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Pleural effusions often cause disabling breathlessness, however the mechanism is unknown. Patients with pleural effusions are subjected to pleural fluid drainage on a ‘trial and error’ basis, as symptom relief varies. This population commonly complain of bendopnoea (breathlessness on bending forward) which has not been investigated. Our pilot data found bendopnoea was significantly associated with presence of pleural effusion. The PLEASE-3 study will evaluate bendopnoea as a screening test for effusion-related breathlessness, its predictive value of symptomatic benefits from fluid drainage and explore its underlying physiological mechanism. Methods: PLEASE-3 is a multi-centre prospective study. Eligible patients are assessed at …

The Effect Of Dietary Interventions Or Patterns On The Cardiometabolic Health Of Individuals Treated With Androgen Deprivation Therapy For Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review, Hattie H. Wright, Meegan A. Walker, Suzanne Broadbent, Corey Linton, Jacob J. Keech, Karina T. Rune, Cindy L. Davis, Michelle Morris, Anao Zhang, Robert U. Newton, Skye Marshall

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Prostate cancer survivors treated with androgen deprivation therapy may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary recommendations for the prevention and/or management of cardiovascular disease for these individuals are lacking. This review synthesizes the evidence on the effect of dietary interventions on cardiometabolic biomarkers and cardiovascular disease risk in prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy. A systematic review was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL. Intervention or observational cohort studies evaluating diets, nutrients, or nutraceuticals with or without concurrent exercise interventions on cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular events, or cardiovascular disease biomarkers in those treated with androgen deprivation …

Potency Assay To Predict The Anti-Inflammatory Capacity Of A Cell Therapy Product For Macrophage-Driven Diseases: Overcoming The Challenges Of Assay Development And Validation, Samar Sadeghi, Laura Nimtz, Elke Niebergall-Roth, Alexandra Norrick, Stefan Hägele, Lena Vollmer, Jasmina Esterlechner, Markus H. Frank, Christoph Ganss, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, Mark A. Kluth

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Given the high level of product complexity and limited regulatory guidance, designing and implementing appropriate potency assays is often the most challenging part of establishing a quality control testing matrix for a cell-based medicinal product. Among the most elusive tasks are the selection of suitable read-out parameters, the development of assay designs that most closely model the pathophysiological conditions, and the validation of the methods. Here we describe these challenges and how they were addressed in developing an assay that measures the anti-inflammatory potency of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in an M1 macrophage-dominated inflammatory environment. Methods: An in vitro …

Vitamin K1 Intake Is Associated With Lower Risk For All-Cause And Cardiovascular Disease Mortality In Community-Dwelling Older Australian Women, Montana Dupuy, Simone Radavelli-Bagatini, Liezhou Zhong, Jack Dalla Via, Kun Zhu, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Nicola P. Bondonno, Allan Linneberg, Jaime W. Bellinge, Carl Schultz, William Courtney, Richard L. Prince, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Joshua R. Lewis, Marc Sim

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background and aims: Assessing the relationship between vitamin K1 intakes, using region-specific food databases, with both all-cause, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality warrants further investigation to inform future preventative strategies. Consequently, we examined the aforementioned associations in the Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women (PLSAW). Methods and results: 1436 community-dwelling older Australian women (mean ± SD age 75.2 ± 2.7 years) completed a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1998). Vitamin K1 intake was calculated based on an Australian vitamin K food database, supplemented with published data. All-cause and CVD mortality data was obtained from linked health records. Associations were …

Coordinated Nasal Mucosa-Mediated Immunity Accelerates Recovery From Covid-19, Steven P. Cass, Dan V. Nicolau, Jonathan R. Baker, Christine Mwasuku, Sanjay Ramakrishnan, Mahdi Mahdi, Peter J. Barnes, Louise E. Donnelly, Rocio T. Martinez-Nunez, Richard E.K. Russell, Mona Bafadhel

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction Understanding the interplay of immune mediators in relation to clinical outcomes during acute infection has the potential to highlight immune networks critical to symptom recovery. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the immune networks critical to early symptom resolution following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods In a community-based randomised clinical trial comparing inhaled budesonide against usual care in 139 participants with early onset SARS-CoV-2 (the STOIC study; clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04416399), significant clinical deterioration (reported need for urgent care, emergency department visit, hospitalisation: the primary outcome), self-reported symptom severity (Influenza Patient-Reported Outcome questionnaire) …

Retinal Dystrophies Associated With Peripherin-2: Genetic Spectrum And Novel Clinical Observations In 241 Patients, Rachael C. Heath Jeffery, Jennifer A. Thompson, Johnny Lo, Enid S. Chelva, Sean Armstrong, Jose S. Pulido, Rebecca Procopio, Andrea L. Vincent, Lorenzo Bianco, Maurizio Battaglia Parodi, Lucia Ziccardi, Giulio Antonelli, Lucilla Barbano, João P. Marques, Sara Geada, Ana L. Carvalho, Wei C. Tang, Choi M. Chan, Camiel J.F. Boon, Jonathan Hensman, Ta Ching Chen, Chien Yu Lin, Pei Lung Chen, Ajoy Vincent, Anupreet Tumber, Elise Heon

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose:

To describe the clinical, electrophysiological and genetic spectrum of inherited retinal diseases associated with variants in the PRPH2 gene.

Methods.

A total of 241 patients from 168 families across 15 sites in 9 countries with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in PRPH2 were included. Records were reviewed for age at symptom onset, visual acuity, full-field ERG, fundus colour photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and SD-OCT. Images were graded into six phenotypes. Statistical analyses were performed to determine genotype–phenotype correlations.

Results:

The median age at symptom onset was 40 years (range, 4–78 years). FAF phenotypes included normal (5%), butterfly pattern dystrophy, …

A Single Bout Of Vigorous Intensity Exercise Enhances The Efficacy Of Rituximab Against Human Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia B-Cells Ex Vivo, Harrison D. Collier-Bain, Annabelle Emery, Adam J. Causer, Frankie F. Brown, Rebecca Oliver, David Dutton, Josephine Crowe, Daniel Augustine, John Graby, Shoji Leach, Rachel Eddy, Daniela Rothschild-Rodriguez, Juliet C. Gray, Mark S. Cragg, Kirstie L. Cleary, Sally Moore, James Murray, James E. Turner, John P. Campbell

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is characterised by the clonal proliferation and accumulation of mature B-cells and is often treated with rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody immunotherapy. Rituximab often fails to induce stringent disease eradication, due in part to failure of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) which relies on natural killer (NK)-cells binding to rituximab-bound CD20 on B-cells. CLL cells are diffusely spread across lymphoid and other bodily tissues, and ADCC resistance in survival niches may be due to several factors including low NK-cell frequency and a suppressive stromal environment that promotes CLL cell survival. It is well established that exercise bouts …

Survivorship Care For People Affected By Advanced Or Metastatic Cancer: Mascc-Asco Standards And Practice Recommendations, Nicolas H. Hart, Larissa Nekhlyudov, Thomas J. Smith, Jasmine Yee, Margaret I. Fitch, Gregory B. Crawford, Bogda Koczwara, Fredrick D. Ashbury, Maryam B. Lustberg, Michelle Mollica, Andrea L. Smith, Michael Jefford, Fumiko Chino, Robin Zon, Meera R. Agar, Raymond J. Chan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

PURPOSE: People with advanced or metastatic cancer and their caregivers may have different care goals and face unique challenges compared to those with early-stage disease or those nearing the end-of-life. These MASCC-ASCO standards and practice recommendations seek to establish consistent provision of quality survivorship care for people affected by advanced or metastatic cancer. METHODS: An expert panel comprising MASCC and ASCO members was formed. Standards and recommendations relevant to the provision of quality survivorship care for people affected by advanced or metastatic cancer were developed through conducting: (1) a systematic review of unmet supportive care needs; (2) a scoping review …

Circpvt1 Promotes Migration And Invasion By Regulating Mir-490-5p/Havcr2 Axis In Osteosarcoma Cells, Chunbin Zhou, Lois Balmer, Manshu Song, Kezhou Wu, Wei Wang, Hu Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in the progression of osteosarcoma. However, the precise function of circPVT1 in osteosarcoma remains elusive. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the involvement of circPVT1 in osteosarcoma cells. We quantified circPVT1 expression using qRT-PCR in both control and osteosarcoma cell lines. To investigate the roles of circPVT1, miR-490-5p and HAVCR2 in vitro, we separately conducted overexpression and inhibition experiments for circPVT1, miR-490-5p and HAVCR2 in HOS and U2OS cells. Cell migration was assessed through wound healing and transwell migration assays, and invasion was measured via the Matrigel invasion assay. To …

Unlocking The Therapeutic Potential Of Ellagic Acid For Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease And Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis, Tharani Senavirathna, Armaghan Shafaei, Ricky Lareu, Lois Balmer

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Obesity is in epidemic proportions in many parts of the world, contributing to increasing rates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD represents a range of conditions from the initial stage of fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to severe fibrosis, through to hepatocellular carcinoma. There currently exists no treatment for the long-term management of NAFLD/NASH, however, dietary interventions have been investigated for the treatment of NASH, including several polyphenolic compounds. Ellagic acid is one such polyphenolic compound. Nutraceutical food abundant in ellagic acid undergoes initial hydrolysis to free ellagic acid within the stomach and small intestine. …

Supporting Cancer Survivors Following Treatment For Non-Hodgkin's And Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Pilot Study Assessing The Feasibility And Process Outcomes Of A Nurse-Led Intervention, Amy J. Spooner, Jane Turner, Elise Button, Patsy Yates, Glen Kennedy, Jason Butler, Natalie Bradford, Alexandre Chan, Nicolas H. Hart, Raymond J. Chan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective: Lymphoma is the sixth most common cancer in Australia and comprises 2.8% of worldwide cancer diagnoses. Research targeting development and evaluation of post-treatment care for debilitating complications resulting from the disease and its treatment is limited. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a nurse-led survivorship intervention, post-treatment in Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors. Methods: A single-center, prospective, 3-arm, pilot, randomized controlled, parallel-group trial was used. People with lymphoma were recruited and randomized to the intervention (ENGAGE), education booklet only, or usual care arm. Participants receiving ENGAGE received an educational booklet and were offered 3 consultations …

Prostate Cancer Survivorship Essentials For Men With Prostate Cancer On Androgen Deprivation Therapy: Protocol For A Randomised Controlled Trial Of A Tele-Based Nurse-Led Survivorship Care Intervention (Pcessentials Hormone Therapy Study), Anna Green, Robert U. Newton, David P. Smith, Haitham Tuffaha, Daniel A. Galvão, Peter Heathcote, Manish I. Patel, David Christie, Sam Egger, Sally A. M. Sara, Nicole Heneka, Suzanne K. Chambers, Jeff Dunn

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is commonly used to treat men with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. Men receiving ADT experience numerous side effects and frequently report unmet supportive care needs. An essential part of quality cancer care is survivorship care. To date, an optimal effective approach to survivorship care for men with prostate cancer on ADT has not been described. This protocol describes a randomised trial of tele-based nurse-led survivorship that addresses this knowledge gap: (1) determine the effectiveness of a nurse-led survivorship care intervention (PCEssentials), relative to usual care, for improving health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in …

Use Of A Primary Care Dataset To Describe ‘The Real Picture’ Of Diabetes In Kimberley Aboriginal Communities, Caitlyn S. White, Kimberley Seear, Lorraine Anderson, Emma Griffiths

Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet

Objective
Aboriginal communities are impacted by high rates of diabetes, however these are currently underestimated by national data sources used by policy and decision makers to inform allocation of health resources. We aimed to estimate diabetes prevalence and screening coverage using primary care electronic medical record data.

Methods
A cross-sectional audit was conducted using primary care data from Aboriginal regular Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service (ACCHS) clinic attendees aged 15 years and over (n=1763) in five remote communities in the Kimberley region. Main outcome measures were overall diabetes prevalence; age-specific diabetes prevalence; prevalence of pre-diabetes; and screening rates among patients …

Pembrolizumab Versus Placebo As Adjuvant Therapy In Resected Stage Iib Or Iic Melanoma: Outcomes In Histopathologic Subgroups From The Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Keynote-716 Trial, Dirk Schadendorf, Jason J. Luke, Paolo A. Ascierto, Georgina V. Long, Piotr Rutkowski, Adnan Khattak, Michele Del Vecchio, Luis De La Cruz-Merino, Jacek Mackiewicz, Vanna C. Sileni, John M. Kirkwood, Caroline Robert, Jean-Jacques Grob, Reinhard Dummer, Matteo S. Carlino, Yujie Zhao, Mizuho Kalabis, Clemens Krepler, Alexander Eggermont, Richard A. Scolyer

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background Adjuvant pembrolizumab significantly improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) versus placebo in the phase 3 KEYNOTE-716 study of resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma. At the prespecified third interim analysis (data cut-off, January 4, 2022), the HR for RFS in the overall population was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.50 to 0.84) and the HR for DMFS was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.88). We present a post hoc analysis of efficacy by subtypes defined by histopathologic characteristics.

Methods Patients aged ≥ 12 years with newly diagnosed, resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma were randomly assigned (1:1) to …

Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis Among A Ghanaian Clinical Cohort: A Case-Control Study, Samuel Kyei, Mary Nkansah, Kofi Asiedu, Randy Asiamah, Ebenezer Zaabaar, Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) has been determined to be highly prevalent in countries within the tropical climate region. However, little evidence from studies conducted within this region has been put forward to support this claim. Aim: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of VKC among a Ghanaian clinical cohort. Methods: A 3-year case-control study was conducted in a tertiary eye care institution, and medical records of patients who had been diagnosed of VKC between 2018 and 2021 were reviewed. Results: Medical records of 3800 patients were reviewed. Some (Formula presented.) cases of VKC were identified, with a population prevalence …

The Global Landscape Of Immune-Derived Lncrna Signature In Colorectal Cancer, Mengying Zhang, Yifei Wu, Jingyi Mou, Yang Yao, Pengbo Wen, Xin Liu, Shipeng Shang, Xingxing Kang, Jiaqi Tian, Yan Liu, Enhui Lv, Liang Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer. This heterogeneity has an impact on the efficacy of immunotherapy. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play regulatory functions in cancer immunity. However, the global landscape of immune-derived lncRNA signatures has not yet been explored in colorectal cancer. Methods: In this study, we applied DESeq2 to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs in colon cancer. Next, we performed an integrative analysis to globally identify immune-driven lncRNA markers in CRC, including immune-associated pathways, tumor immunogenomic features, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoints, microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutation burden (TMB). Results: We also …

Large Airway T Cells In Adults With Former Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Jing Gao, Petra Um-Bergström, Melvin Pourbazargan, Eva Berggren-Broström, Chuan X. Li, Heta Merikallio, Riitta Kaarteenaho, Nichole S. Reinke, Craig E. Wheelock, Erik Melén, Lindén Anders, Åsa M. Wheelock, Georgios Rassidakis, Cristian Ortiz-Villalon, Magnus C. Sköld

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in infants born prematurely is a risk factor for chronic airway obstruction later in life. The distribution of T cell subtypes in the large airways is largely unknown.

Objective: To characterize cellular and T cell profiles in the large airways of young adults with a history of BPD.

Methods: Forty-three young adults born prematurely (preterm (n = 20), BPD (n = 23)) and 45 full-term-born (asthma (n = 23), healthy (n = 22)) underwent lung function measurements, and bronchoscopy with large airway bronchial wash (BW). T-cells subsets in BW were analyzed by immunocytochemistry.

Results: The proportions …

Living With Myocardial Ischaemia And No Obstructive Coronary Arteries: A Qualitative Study, Helen Humphreys, Danielle Paddock, Sarah Brown, Colin Berry, Aynsley Cowie, Susan Dawkes, Simon Nichols

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective To explore the lived experience of people with myocardial ischaemia with no obstructive arteries. Design Qualitative study using semistructured interviews. Setting Telephone interviews with 17 participants living in the UK. Participants 17 people (2 males, 15 females; aged 31–69 years) with a presumed or confirmed diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia with no obstructive arteries, recruited via social media and online patient-led support forums. Results Five themes were generated. Theme 1 describes the wide range of experiences that participants described, particularly the frequency and intensity of symptoms, and the uncertainty and fear that symptoms commonly provoked. Theme 2 describes the major …

The Role Of Diet And Gut Microbiota In Alzheimer’S Disease, D. M.Sithara Dissanayaka, Vijay Jayasena, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Ralph N. Martins, W. M.A.D.Binosha Fernando

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (A ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. Currently, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) impacts 50 million individuals, with projections anticipating an increase to 152 million by the year 2050. Despite the increasing global prevalence of AD, its underlying pathology remains poorly understood, posing challenges for early diagnosis and treatment. Recent research suggests a link between gut dysbiosis and the aggregation of A , the development of tau proteins, and the occurrence of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are associated with AD. However, investigations into the gut–brain axis …

Fight-Pd: A Feasibility Study Of Periodized Boxing Training For Parkinson Disease, David J. Blacker, Raimondo Fazio, Claire Tucak, Phillip Beranek, Connor Pollard, Tegan Shelley, Sanathraj Rajandran, Georgina Holbeche, Mitchell Turner, Travis Cruickshank

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Boxing training has become a popular form of exercise for people with Parkinson disease (PD). There is a dearth of high-quality feasibility, safety, and efficacy data on boxing training for PD. Feasibility of Instituting Graduated High-intensity Training (FIGHT-PD) aimed to examine these features in a periodized boxing training program featuring high-intensity physical and cognitive demands. Objective: To conduct a feasibility study, aiming to address deficiencies in the current knowledge base and to provide data for future studies. Design: Single-arm, open-label feasibility. Setting: University department and medical research institute. Participants: Ten people with early stage PD without contraindications to intense …

Nutrients And Polyphenols-Rich Sorghum Bicolor Genotypes As Complementary Therapy For Alzheimer’S Disease, Rasheed A. Abdulraheem, Ralph N. Martins, Prashant Bharadwaj, Zhaoyu Li, Ranil Coorey, Stuart Johnson, W. M. A. D. Binosha Fernando

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and most common cause of dementia among older people. The main pathological hallmarks of AD are formation of insoluble amyloid beta senile plaques and paired helical filaments of neurofibrillary tangles. AD features gradual memory decline, mild to severe cognitive impairment, eventually total dependence of patients on caregivers. Currently available drugs have not been able to modify AD pathology. This has drawn increasing attention to plant food materials with high nutritional and bioactive constituents as potential complementary therapy for AD. Sorghum bicolor is a widely available cost-effective source of proteins, fats, crude fibres, …

The Impact Of Exercise On Blood-Based Biomarkers Of Alzheimer’S Disease In Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults, Kelsey R. Sewell, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Steve Pedrini, Jeremiah J. Peiffer, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Kevin Taddei, Shaun J. Markovic, Ralph N. Martins, Belinda M. Brown

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Physical activity is a promising preventative strategy for Alzheimer’s disease: it is associated with lower dementia risk, better cognition, greater brain volume and lower brain beta-amyloid. Blood-based biomarkers have emerged as a low-cost, non-invasive strategy for detecting preclinical Alzheimer’s disease, however, there is limited literature examining the effect of exercise (a structured form of physical activity) on blood-based biomarkers. The current study investigated the influence of a 6-month exercise intervention on levels of plasma beta-amyloid (A 42, A 40, A 42/40), phosphorylated tau (p-tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light (NfL) chain in cognitively unimpaired older adults, and …

Effects Of Aerobic And Resistance Exercise For 9 Months On Serum Free Light Chains In Type 2 Diabetes, Youyoung Kim, John P. Campbell, Neil M. Johannsen, Timothy S. Church, Eunhan Cho, Jennifer Heaney, Guillaume Spielmann

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background and aims: Serum polyclonal free light chains (FLCs) levels are associated with overall survival in the general population, reflecting their utility as a biomarker of underlying immune activation and inflammation. Regular exercise is known to ameliorate low-grade inflammation in chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes; however, the effects of different exercise training modalities on FLCs in adults with type 2 diabetes is unknown. This study investigated the effects of 9-month of aerobic, resistance or combined supervised exercise on serum FLCs in 164 patients with type 2 diabetes (age 58 ± 8 years; 63% female). Methods: 164 participants from …