Diseases Commons^™

A Genome-Wide Association Study In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd): Identification Of Two Major Susceptibility Loci, Sreekumar G. Pillai, Dongliang Ge, Guohua Zhu, Xiangyang Kong, Kevin V. Shianna, Anna C. Need, Sheng Feng, Craig P. Hersh, Per Bakke, Amund Gulsvik, Andreas Ruppert, Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen, Allen Roses, Wayne Anderson, Stephen I. Rennard, David A. Lomas, Edwin K. Silverman, David B. Goldstein, Icgn Investigators

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

There is considerable variability in the susceptibility of smokers to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The only known genetic risk factor is severe deficiency of alpha(1)-antitrypsin, which is present in 1-2% of individuals with COPD. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a homogenous case-control cohort from Bergen, Norway (823 COPD cases and 810 smoking controls) and evaluated the top 100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the family-based International COPD Genetics Network (ICGN; 1891 Caucasian individuals from 606 pedigrees) study. The polymorphisms that showed replication were further evaluated in 389 subjects from the US National Emphysema Treatment Trial …

Rapid Sensor Technology: A Risk And System Complexity Analyses Of Early Detection Of Influenza-Like-Illnesses, Cesar Ariel Pinto, Ipek Bozkurt

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications

The development of effective and reliable methods to defend the nation against biological terrorism remains an urgent challenge to researchers in the areas of risk, bio-defense, public health, and emergency medicine. The emerging threat of the avian flu pandemic also highlights the unpreparedness of our nation's health care system to meet a highly contagious and infectious disease outbreak. The implementation of a rapid sensor technology for early detection of influenza-like-illness provides possible opportunities, as well as problems. Bounding and defining such a complex problem is one of the first challenges this research addresses. Approaching this problem from various perspectives such …

The Failed Promise Of Workplace Health Regulation, David C. Vladeck

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Primary Drug Resistance Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis In Karachi, Nisar Ahmed Rao, Muhammad Irfan, Shahid Javed Hussain

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the primary drug resistance of new culture positive cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Karachi.

METHODS: All new suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients were recruited initially. They were instructed to produce three-sputum samples for smear examination and on one of the specimen's culture was applied. Bronchoscopy and bronchial wash was done in patients who were not expectorating. Bronchial wash was then applied for both smear and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

RESULTS: Out of 79 cases recruited initially, 52 were able to produce sputum while bronchoscopy was performed in the remaining. AFB direct smear was positive in 32/52 sputum and …

Transient Acquired Hemophilia Associated With Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia, Min Sun Kim, Paul E. Kilgore, Ju Sung Kang, Sun Young Kim, Dae Yeol Lee, Jung Soo Kim, Pyoung Han Hwang

Department of Pharmacy Practice

Acquired hemophilia is a rare disorder caused by autoantibodies to factor VIII (FVIII) (also referred to as factor VIII inhibitors or anti-FVIII) and may be associated with pregnancy, underlying malignancy, or autoimmune disorders. A 33-month-old girl who presented with hematochezia and ecchymotic skin lesions was diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia by serology and polymerase chain reaction. Hematologic studies showed a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), partially corrected mixing test for aPTT, reduced levels of FVIII, and the presence of antibodies against FVIII. She was treated conservatively with prednisone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) without FVIII transfusion and recovered without sequelae. …

Socio-Demographic Correlates Of Exhaled Breath Carbon Monoxide In Karachi's Adult Population, Majid Shafiq, Sumera Khan, M. Rizwanulhaq Khawaja, Suleman Haque, Javaid Khan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between CO levels and putative factors including smoking status among residents of Karachi, an urban center with very high levels of air pollution.

METHODS: Two hundred and eighteen volunteering subjects were asked to maximally exhale into a Smokerlyzer breath CO analyzer. Each of the volunteers was also asked to reply to a questionnaire-based interview seeking demographic information as well as details of exposure to tobacco, traffic fumes and other air pollutants.

RESULTS: Out of the 218 participating subjects, 75% were males and 27% were current or ex-smokers. The mean CO level was 2.92 parts per …

One-Year Treatment With Mometasone Furoate In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Peter M.A. Calverley, Stephen I. Rennard, Harold S. Nelson, Jill P. Karpel, Eduardo H. Abbate, Paul Stryszak, Heribert Staudinger

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are treated with twice daily (BID) inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). This study evaluated whether daily PM mometasone furoate administered via a dry powder inhaler (MF-DPI) was equally effective compared to twice daily dosing.In a 52-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 911 subjects with moderate-to-severe COPD managed without ICS received MF-DPI 800 microg QD PM, MF-DPI 400 microg BID, or placebo. The change from baseline in postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), total COPD symptom scores, and health status as well as the percentage of subjects with a COPD exacerbation were assessed. Adverse …

Bleomycin Induced Pneumonitis: A Case Successfully Managed With High-Dose Steroids, Shahid Javed Husain, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi, Muhammad Irfan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

No abstract provided.

Chest Radiographs In Acute Pulmonary Embolism, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi, Shahid Javed Husain, Muhammad Irfan, Kulsoom Fatima, Muhammad Atif Zubairi, Muhammad Islam

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious clinical entity carrying significant morbidity and mortality. Clinically, it is a difficult condition to diagnose and remains under treated condition in Pakistan due to non-availability of objective tests and lack of awareness among physicians.This study was conducted to determine the chest radiographic presentation in known cases of acute PE presenting to a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: Hospital records of patients with a diagnosis of acute PE were reviewed from June 2000 until June 2004. Fifty diagnosed cases of acute PE on Spiral Computed tomography (CT) of the chest demonstrating an intraluminal-filling defect were …

Long-Term Trends In Indigenous Deaths From Chronic Diseases In The Northern Territory: A Foot On The Brake, A Foot On The Accelerator, David P. Thomas, John R. Condon, Ian P. Anderson, Shu Q. Li, Stephen Halpin, Joan Cunningham, Steven L. Guthridge

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

Objective: To examine trends in Northern Territory Indigenous mortality from chronic diseases other than cancer. Design: A comparison of trends in rates of mortality from six chronic diseases (ischaemic heart disease [IHD], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], cerebrovascular disease [CVD], diabetes mellitus [DM], renal failure [RF] and rheumatic heart disease [RHD]) in the NT Indigenous population with those of the total Australian population.

Participants: NT Indigenous and total Australian populations, 1977–2001. Main outcome measures: Estimated average annual change in chronic disease mortality rates and in mortality rate ratios. Results: DeathratesfromIHDandDMamongNTIndigenouspeoplesincreased between 1977 and 2001, but this increase slowed after 1990. …

Effects Of Daily Oral Care With 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate And A Standard Oral Care Protocol On The Development Of Nosocomial Pneumonia In Intubated Patients: A Pilot Study, Michelle Bopp, Michele Darby, Karin C. Loftin, Sharon Broscious

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if a difference existed between nosocomial pneumonia rates for intubated critical care unit (CCU) patients who received twice-daily oral hygiene care with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate and those who received the standard oral care. Methods. Over seven months (February to August), CCU patients were identified through screening and informed consent procedures, and randomized into 1 of 2 groups. Over the 7 months, due to the critically ill nature of the patients, only 5 subjects were enrolled. While in the study, twice-daily oral hygiene care consisted of brushing the cheeks, teeth, and …

Knowledge, Attitude And Misconceptions Regarding Tuberculosis In Pakistani Patients, Javaid Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Irfan, Amna Zaki, Madiha Beg, Syed Fayyaz Hussain, Nadeem Rizvi

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Objective:

To assess knowledge of patients with tuberculosis; about their disease and misconceptions regarding TB.

Methods:

A cross sectional study was conducted at Out-patient clinics of two teaching hospitals (private and public) in Karachi, Pakistan. A questionnaire was filled for the purpose.

Results:

A total of 170 patients were interviewed, 112 from private and 58 from a public sector hospital. Cough, fever, bloody sputum and chest pain were recognized as the common symptoms of TB. Eleven (7%) patients thought TB was not an infectious disease and 18 (10.6%) did not consider it a preventable disease. Contaminated food was considered the …

Uterine Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumour Presenting As A Cervical Mass, Najamul Sahar Azad, Shahid Pervez, Naila Kayani, Aliya Begum Aziz

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumour (PEComa) also known as myelomelanocytic tumours are uncommon, recently described mesenchymal tumours that include angiomyolipoma, clear cell "sugar" tumour of the lung, lymphangioleiomyoma and tumours composed predominantly of epithelioid cell morphology. A predilection for uterus has been described. However up till now only 14 cases of uterine PEComas have been described. All of these were seen in adult females in the peri and post menopausal age group (from 40-75years), and almost all were located in the region of body of uterus. A single case in the upper cervical region has been reported with uterine PEComatoses. We …

Effect Of A Paediatric Incentive Spacer And Reinforcement Of Inhalation Technique Training In Preschool Children, Jasminka Murdzoska

Theses : Honours

Incorrect inhaled drug delivery technique is a common problem in paediatric asthma [1-4]. Previously, device technique training has been shown to significantly improve inhaler skills, using subjective methods, namely check-list analysis [5-8]. However, more objective measures are needed to examine more comprehensively the effect of training in preschool children and parents. Resistance to regular asthma therapy is also a frequent problem when attempting to treat young children. Reasoning with young children can be very difficult and parents often have to struggle with their child to achieve compliance [2]. The Funhaler spacer (FH) (Funhaler™; InfaMed, Australia) has been developed in an …

Rapidly Developing Optic Neuritis Secondary To Ethambutol: Possible Mechanism Of Injury, Sajjad Ali, Uzma Usman, Mohammad Wasay

Department of Medicine

Optic neuritis has been described among the toxic effects of Ethambutol. This side effect is dose related. The mean duration of Ethambutol induced optic neuritis (EON) is three months. We report a case of EON after few days of exposure to Ethambutol and the symptoms resolved after discontinuation of Ethambutol. This most likely represents an idiosyncratic reaction which is different as compared to dose related optic neuritis.

Tgf-Beta1 And Serum Both Stimulate Contraction But Differentially Affect Apoptosis In 3d Collagen Gels, Tetsu Kobayashi, Xiangde Liu, Hui Jung Kim, Tadashi Kohyama, Fu-Qiang Wen, Shinji Abe, Qiuhong Fang, Yun Kui Zhu, John R. Spurzem, Peter Bitterman, Stephen I. Rennard

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

Apoptosis of fibroblasts may be key for the removal of cells following repair processes. Contraction of three-dimensional collagen gels is a model of wound healing and remodeling. Here two potent inducers of contraction, TGF-beta1 and fetal calf serum (FCS) were evaluated for their effect on fibroblast apoptosis in contracting collagen gels. Human fetal lung fibroblasts were cultured in floating type I collagen gels, exposed to TGF-beta1 or FCS, and allowed to contract for 5 days. Apoptosis was evaluated using TUNEL and confirmed by DNA content profiling. Both TGF-beta1 and serum significantly augmented collagen gel contraction. TGF-beta1 also increased apoptosis assessed …

Revisiting Vaccine Hesitancy, Barriers And Motivators To Obtaining A Flu Vaccine In A New Covid-19 Pandemic World, Ann M. Mayo Rn, Dnsc, Faan, Steffanie R. Cobler Np

School of Nursing and Health Science: Faculty Scholarship

Purpose

To describe and compare patient perceived barriers and motivators and decision-making conflict between two groups of hospitalized patients, those who receive flu vaccines and those who do not.

Data Sources

Data collection during 2003 included extracting data from databases and mailing two surveys to 436 discharged patients. One hundred eight (108) patients participated in the study.

Conclusions

Top barriers included fear of side effects from vaccine (35%) and fear of contracting the flu (30%). Top motivators for obtaining a flu vaccine included previous vaccination (93%) and provider recommendation (62%). Barriers, motivators and patient decisional conflict differed depending upon patient …

Genetic Analysis Of The Putative Streptolysin O Regulator From Streptococcus Pyogenes, Robert Tyrone Billingslea

McCabe Thesis Collection

Group A streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) is one of the most frequent pathogens of humans. It is estimated that between 5-15% of normal individuals harbor the bacterium, usually in the upper respiratory tract, without signs of disease. S. pyogenes can initiate an active infection when defenses are compromised or when the organism is able to penetrate the host's defenses. When the bacteria invade vulnerable tissues, a variety of suppurative infections can occur. Acute S. pyogenes infection may be present as pharyngitis ("strep throat"), scarlet fever (rash), impetigo (infection of the superficial layers of the skin) or cellulitis (infection of the deep …

An Assessment Of High School Coaches Knowledge Of Exercise-Induced Asthma, Shannon L. Wilson

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is a common disorder that occurs in individuals who compete in recreational activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge of EIA for high school athletic coaches. A 22 question demographic instrument was used for background information, and an 18 question multiple-choice assessment was used to assess knowledge of prevention, recognition and management of EIA. A panel of experts reviewed and modified the survey instruments, which were piloted at a local private high school prior to distribution. The survey was distributed to 250 high school coaches in the Hampton Roads area during a fall …

Socio-Economic And Diagnostic Aspects Of Tuberculosis In Pakistan, Saba Sohail

Department of Radiology

No abstract provided.

If Due Process Is A Big Tent, Why Do Some Feel Excluded From The Big Top, William S. Mattingly

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Outbreak Of Sars, Ambreen Shakil, Muhammad Imran Omar, Saba Sohail

Department of Radiology

No abstract provided.

Special Article. Commentaries On A World At War: Sars, Weapons Of Mass Destruction, Preemption, The United Nations, International Respect And Confidence, And Truth., Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article highlights cognitive difficulties exposed by examples of contemporary security conflict.

Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Muhammad Irfan, Javed Hussain, Riaz Lakdawala, Fayyaz Hussain, Javaid Khan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

No abstract provided.

Association Of Iron Deficiency Anaemia In Children Of 1-2 Years Of Age With Low Birth Weight, Recurrent Diarrhoea Or Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection - A Myth Or Fact?, Niloufer Sultan Ali, Rukhsana Wamiq Zuberi

Department for Educational Development

No abstract provided.

Platelets Stimulate Fibroblast-Mediated Contraction Of Collagen Gels, Ulrika Zagai, Karin Fredriksson, Stephen I. Rennard, Joachim Lundahl, C. Magnus Sköld

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: Platelets are thought to play a role in a variety of inflammatory conditions in the lung, some of which may lead to fibrosis. In the current study we tested the hypothesis that whole platelets and platelet lysate can mediate remodelling of extracellular matrix in vitro by affecting fibroblast-mediated contraction of a collagen gel. We also sought to determine to what extent platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) contribute to this effect.

METHODS: Washed platelets, isolated from healthy blood donors, and platelet lysate (freezing and thawing), were cast together with human lung fibroblasts in three-dimensional collagen gels. …

Respiratory Arrest In A Child After Flushing Of Pancuronium From The Dead Space Of Intravenous Cannula, Robyna Irshad Khan, Fazal Hameed Khan, Hamid Iqil Naqvi

Department of Anaesthesia

It is common practice for patients admitted to Intensive Care Units to have indwelling intravenous cannulae. Sometimes these cannulae are used only for the administration of drugs and are closed otherwise. Residual drugs in the deadspace of these intravenous cannulae as well as connected stoppers or 3-way stopcocks can later be flushed unknowingly. We would like to report a case in which inadvertent flushing of residual pancuronium caused complete muscle paralysis and respiratory arrest in a young child.

Effect Of Charge On The Deposition Of Electrostatically Charged Inhalable Aerosol In Lung Model, Divey Saini, C. U. Yurteri, N. Grable, Robert A. Sims, Malay K. Mazumder

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Inhalable drugs are widely used for treating lung diseases such as asthma, emphysema, and cystic fibrosis. The aerosol particles in these inhalable drugs may be charged electrostatically. The deposition of these inhaled therapeutic aerosol particles in the different regions of the lung depends on the particle aerodynamic diameter, electrostatic charge distribution, particulate number density, breathing rate, aerodynamics of the lung, ambient temperature, and relative humidity (RH). The primary mechanisms for lung deposition of inhaled particles are impaction, gravitational settling, diffusion, interception, and electrostatic attraction. To simulate lung deposition, electrostatically charged aerosol particles are introduced through a throat section into a …

Breathlessness Descriptors In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Versus Congestive Heart Failure, Adelaide De Souza Caroci

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This cross-sectional descriptive study investigated breathlessness (dyspnea) in stable patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). The purpose of this study was (a) to characterize the most common terms COPD and CHF patients use to describe their breathing, (b) to identify the frequency of dyspnea in patients with COPD and CHF, and (c) to determine the intensity of dyspnea in these populations.

A purposive sample of 60 patients, 30 with moderate to severe COPD and 30 patients with moderate to severe CHF, met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in this study. The participants provided …

The Pediatric Breathing Survey, Linda J. Galloway

Health Services Research Dissertations

To ensure culturally-sensitive assessments, the researcher designed a Pediatric Breathing Survey (PBS) to measure quality of life for African-American children. The purpose of this study was to test whether the PBS is a reliable and valid instrument. Comparisons of group differences on race, income and parent's level of education based on parent responses to the questionnaires were conducted. More specifically, differences in Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) between Caucasian and African-American children were examined. The researcher-designed instrument was compared to Juniper's Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire. The sample consisted of parents of 84 school-aged children diagnosed with asthma. …