Diseases Commons^™

Cancer Antigen 125 Is Associated With Length Of Stay In Patients With Acute Heart Failure, Hakki Kaya, Recep Kurt, Osman Beton, Ali Zorlu, Hasan Yucel, Hakan Gunes, Didem Oguz, Mehmet Birhan Yilmaz

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Length of stay is the primary driver of heart-failure hospitalization costs. Because cancer antigen 125 has been associated with poor morbidity and mortality rates in heart failure, we investigated the relationship between admission cancer antigen 125 levels and lengths of stay in heart-failure patients. A total of 267 consecutive patients (184 men, 83 women) with acute decompensated heart failure were evaluated prospectively. The median length of stay was 4 days, and the patients were classified into 2 groups: those with lengths of stay ≤4 days and those with lengths of stay >4 days. Patients with longer lengths of stay had …

Fare Thee Well, Dr Cooley, Herbert L Fred, James T Willerson

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

No abstract provided.

Titanium Plug Closure After Heartware Ventricular Assist Device Explantation In A 15-Year-Old Girl: First Us Experience, Diego A Lara, Aamir Jeewa, Barbara A Elias, Elizabeth O Mccullum, Susan W Denfield, William J Dreyer, Iki Adachi

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

We describe the case of a teenage girl with anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy who received a HeartWare ventricular assist device and underwent successful device explantation after cardiac recovery. During device support, the patient's cardiac function returned to normal. Twelve months after implantation, we explanted the device via repeat median sternotomy. To close the hole in the left ventricular apex and preserve the sewing ring in case future device support is needed, we used a German-manufactured titanium plug, developed specifically for this purpose. To our knowledge, this is the first use of this plug in the United States. The patient recovered uneventfully and …

Cystatin C And Cardiac Measures In Children And Adolescents With Ckd., Tammy M. Brady, Kelly Townsend, Michael F. Schneider, Christopher Cox, Thomas Kimball, Peace Madueme, Bradley A. Warady, Susan Furth, Mark Mitsnefes

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent among children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cystatin C is an established marker of kidney function and an emerging biomarker for CVD events. We quantified the relationship between cystatin C level and cardiac structure and function over time among children with CKD and assessed whether cystatin C level and diastolic function retained an association after accounting for kidney function.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.

SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 678 children and adolescents with mild to moderate CKD enrolled in the CKD in Children (CKiD) Study with 1,228 echocardiographically obtained cardiac structure and function measurements. …

Sodium-Myoinositol Cotransporter-1, Smit1, Mediates The Production Of Reactive Oxygen Species Induced By Hyperglycemia In The Heart, Anne Van Steenbergen, Magali Balteau, Audrey Ginion, Laura Ferté, Sylvain Battault, Christophe De Meester De Ravenstein, Jean-Luc Balligand, Evangelos-Panagiotis Daskalopoulos, Patrick Gilon, Florin Despa, Sanda Despa, Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde, Sandrine Horman, Hermann Koepsell, Gerard Berry, Louis Hue, Luc Bertrand, Christophe Beauloye

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Hyperglycemia (HG) stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species in the heart through activation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2). This production is independent of glucose metabolism but requires sodium/glucose cotransporters (SGLT). Seven SGLT isoforms (SGLT1 to 6 and sodium-myoinositol cotransporter-1, SMIT1) are known, although their expression and function in the heart remain elusive. We investigated these 7 isoforms and found that only SGLT1 and SMIT1 were expressed in mouse, rat and human hearts. In cardiomyocytes, galactose (transported through SGLT1) did not activate NOX2. Accordingly, SGLT1 deficiency did not prevent HG-induced NOX2 activation, ruling it out in the cellular response to …

Transforming Growth Factor-Β In Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: Good, Bad, Or Irrelevant?, Alan Daugherty, Zheying Chen, Hisashi Sawada, Debra L. Rateri, Mary B. Sheppard

Physiology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

We Have No Real Evidence Related To Anticoagulation Plus Aspirin For Stroke Prevention In Atrial Fibrillation, Yuxiang Wang

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Flaker GC, Gruber M, Connolly SJ, et al. Risks and benefits of combining aspirin with anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: an exploratory analysis of stroke prevention using an oral thrombin inhibitor in atrial fibrillation (SPORTIF) trials. Am Heart J. 2006;152:967-973. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.06.024

Von Willebrand Disease, Ramon Misla David

The Kabod

Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) is a blood clotting disorder characterized by low levels of the Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) in the blood. VWF is functions to bind platelets and promote clotting of the blood when vascular injury occurs. Therefore, VWD leads to decreased or impaired clotting. There are three main types and four subtypes of VWD (type 1, 2A, 2B, 2N, 2M, and 3). Each type of VWD increases in severity. VWD is diagnosed preliminarily through a personal and family history and physical examination. Upon indications toward the possibility of a bleeding disorder, an initial hemostasis evaluation is performed followed …

Association Of Body Mass Index With Dna Methylation And Gene Expression In Blood Cells And Relations To Cardiometabolic Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Approach, Michael M. Mendelson, Riccardo E. Marioni, Roby Joehanes, Chunyu Liu, Åsa K. Hedman, Stella Aslibekyan, Ellen W. Demerath, Weihua Guan, Degui Zhi, Chen Yao, Tianxiao Huan, Christine Willinger, Brian Chen, Paul Courchesne, Michael Multhaup, Marguerite R. Irvin, Ariella Cohain, Eric E. Schadt, Megan L. Grove, Jan Bressler, Kari North, Johan Sundström, Stefan Gustafsson, Sonia Shah, Allan F. Mcrae, Sarah E. Harris, Jude Gibson, Paul Redmond, Janie Corley, Lee Murphy, Donna K. Arnett

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background

The link between DNA methylation, obesity, and adiposity-related diseases in the general population remains uncertain.

Methods and Findings

We conducted an association study of body mass index (BMI) and differential methylation for over 400,000 CpGs assayed by microarray in whole-blood-derived DNA from 3,743 participants in the Framingham Heart Study and the Lothian Birth Cohorts, with independent replication in three external cohorts of 4,055 participants. We examined variations in whole blood gene expression and conducted Mendelian randomization analyses to investigate the functional and clinical relevance of the findings. We identified novel and previously reported BMI-related differential methylation at 83 CpGs …

Modulating Beta-Cardiac Myosin Function At The Molecular And Tissue Levels, Wanjian Tang, Cheavar A. Blair, Shane D. Walton, András Málnási-Csizmadia, Kenneth S. Campbell, Christopher M. Yengo

Physiology Faculty Publications

Inherited cardiomyopathies are a common form of heart disease that are caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins with beta cardiac myosin (MYH7) being one of the most frequently affected genes. Since the discovery of the first cardiomyopathy associated mutation in beta-cardiac myosin, a major goal has been to correlate the in vitro myosin motor properties with the contractile performance of cardiac muscle. There has been substantial progress in developing assays to measure the force and velocity properties of purified cardiac muscle myosin but it is still challenging to correlate results from molecular and tissue-level experiments. Mutations that cause …

Rheumatic Heart Disease In Uganda: Predictors Of Morbidity And Mortality One Year After Presentation., Emmy Okello, Chris T Longenecker, Andrea Beaton, Moses R Kamya, Peter Lwabi

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), the long-term consequence of rheumatic fever, accounts for most cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among young adults in developing countries. However, data on contemporary outcomes from resource constrained areas are limited.

METHODS: A prospective cohort study of participants aged 5-60 years with established RHD was conducted in Kampala, Uganda, in which clinical exam, echocardiography, electrocardiography (ECG), and laboratory evaluation were done every 3 months and every 4-week benzathine penicillin prophylaxis was prescribed. Participants were followed up for 12 months and outcomes and predictors of morbidity and mortality were assessed using Kaplan Meier curves and Cox proportional …

A Comparison Of Measured And Self-Reported Blood Pressure Status Among Low-Income Housing Residents In New York City, James H. Williams Ab, Dustin T. Duncan Scd, Jonathan Cantor Ms, Brian Elbel Phd Mph, Gbenga Ogedegbe Md Ms Mph, Joseph Ravenell Md Ms

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Self-report is widely used to measure hypertension prevalence in population-based studies, but there is little research comparing self-report with measured blood pressure among low-income populations. The objective of this study was to compare self-reported and measured blood pressure status among a sample of low-income housing residents in New York City (n=118). We completed a cross-sectional analysis comparing self-report with measured blood pressure status. We determined the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of each self-report metric. Of the sample, 68.1% was Black, 71.1% had a household income under $25,000/year, and 28.5% did not complete high school. In our study, …

Pediatric Cardiovascular Care In Uganda: Current Status, Challenges, And Opportunities For The Future., Twalib Olega Aliku, Sulaiman Lubega, Judith Namuyonga, Tom Mwambu, Michael Oketcho, John O Omagino, Craig Sable, Peter Lwabi

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

In many developing countries, concerted action against common childhood infectious diseases has resulted in remarkable reduction in infant and under-five mortality. As a result, pediatric cardiovascular diseases are emerging as a major contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality. Pediatric cardiac surgery and cardiac catheterization interventions are available in only a few of Sub-Saharan African countries. In Uganda, open heart surgeries (OHSs) and interventional procedures for pediatric cardiovascular disease are only possible at the Uganda Heart Institute (UHI), having been started with the help of expatriate teams from the years 2007 and 2012, respectively. Thereafter, independent OHS and cardiac catheterization have …

Uhl’S Anomaly: A One And A Half Ventricular Repair In A Patient Presenting With Cardiac Arrest, Reginald Chonoune, Adam Lowry, Karthik Ramakrishnan, Gail D. Pearson, Jeffrey P. Moak, Dilip S. Nath

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Uhl’s anomaly, first reported in 1952, is an extremely rare congenital cardiac defect characterized by partial or complete loss of the right ventricular myocardium and unknown etiology. Fewer than 100 cases have been described. The response to medical management is poor and there is no known ideal surgical approach or timing for treatment. We report the case of a previously active adolescent male presenting with cardiac arrest, who underwent successful bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis (“Glenn” anastomosis) with right atrial reduction and right ventricular free wall plication.

Transvenous Nonfluoroscopic Pacemaker Implantation During Pregnancy Guided By 3-Dimensional Electroanatomic Mapping, Jacob Hartz, Bradley C. Clark, Seiji Ito, Elizabeth D Sherwin, Charles I Berul

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Patients with congenital heart disease are at ongoing risk of developing both bradyarrhythmias and tachyarrhythmias decades after surgical repair. Rarely, arrhythmias can be exacerbated during pregnancy and require emergent intervention. Here, we report unique experience with nonfluoroscopic pacemaker implantation during pregnancy. Ionizing radiation, even in low doses, is associated with an increased risk of malignancy, and a fetus may be at particularly increased risk.1, 2 Over the past 2 decades, the use of fluoroscopy in cardiac ablation procedures has become nearly obsolete with the development of 3-dimensional (3D) electroanatomic mapping software such as CARTO (Biosense-Webster, Diamond Bar, CA) …

The Effect Of Statins In Primary Prevention On All-Cause Mortality, Brian Adams

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

During routine yearly physicals, primary care providers often evaluate serum laboratory lipid levels. Many of these patients have no past medical history of cardiovascular events related to atherosclerotic disease. Some patients do not have secondary risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus or smoking history.

Previous cardiovascular events provide stronger indications for the use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). In the absence of these, the provider may turn to current guidelines, in this case the 2013 the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association published the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular …

Predictors Of High On-Aspirin Platelet Reactivity In Elderly Patients With Coronary Artery Disease., J W Zhang, W W Liu, Timothy A Mccaffrey, X Q He, W Y Liang, X H Chen, X R Feng, Sidney W Fu, M L Liu

Medicine Faculty Publications

Objectives

Previous studies have illustrated the link between high on-aspirin platelet reactivity (HAPR) with increasing thrombotic risks. The aim of our study was to investigate relative risk factors of HAPR in elderly patients with coronary artery disease.

Methods

Elderly, hospitalized coronary artery disease patients on regular aspirin treatment were enrolled from January 2014 to September 2016. Medical records of each patient were collected, including demographic information, cardiovascular risk factors, concomitant drugs and routine biological parameters. Arachidonic acid (AA, 0.5 mg/mL) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 5 µmol/L) induced platelet aggregation were measured via light transmission assay (LTA) to evaluate antiplatelet responses, …

Selective Autonomic Stimulation Of The Av Node Fat Pad To Control Rapid Post-Operative Atrial Arrhythmias., Marco A Mercader, Dingchao He, Aditya C Sharma, Mark C Marchitto, Gregory Trachiotis, Gene A Bornzin, Richard A. Jonas, Jeffrey P Moak

Medicine Faculty Publications

Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) and atrial fibrillation (AF) occur in patients recovering from open-heart surgery (OHS). Pharmacologic treatment is used for the control of post-operative atrial arrhythmias (POAA), but is associated with side effects. There is a need for a reversible, modulated solution to rate control. We propose a non-pharmacologic technique that can modulate AV nodal conduction in a selective fashion. Ten mongrel dogs underwent OHS. Stimulation of the anterior right (AR) and inferior right (IR) fat pad (FP) was done using a 7-pole electrode. The IR was more effective in slowing the ventricular rate (VR) to AF (52 +/- …

Relationship Of Common Vascular Anatomy To Cannulated Catheters., Paul Gagne, Karun Sharma

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Superficial veins of the upper extremity are the primary location for placement of peripheral IV catheters (PIVC). It is believed that a significant portion of PIVCs placed may cross or abut valves and branching veins or occlude a significant portion of the vein, limiting the ability to aspirate blood from the PIVC. Two separate clinical investigations using ultrasound were performed to understand the potential interaction between PIVCs and the vein lumen and the venous valves and branches of the superficial veins of the upper extremity. One study with 35 adult volunteers interrogated 210 vein segments where a PIV would likely …

Anticoagulation Therapy For The Elderly With Atrial Fibrillation, Rebecca Hoistad

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Atrial fibrillation increases in occurrence as we age with about 9% of patients developing it by age 90. When a patient is diagnosed with atrial fibrillation, one of the drugs that they are prescribed is an anticoagulant. The purpose of this drug is to prevent thrombus formation in addition to preventing an ischemic stroke. Today, there are many options available for anticoagulation therapy. The options include aspirin, vitamin K antagonists like warfarin, factor Xa inhibitors like rivaroxaban and apixaban, direct thrombin inhibitors like dabigatran, and antiplatelet agents such as clopidogrel.

• A review of the literature was done of …

Brugada Syndrome; Preventive Screening Measures To Decrease Associated Cardiac Deaths, Matthew Ryba

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Brugada syndrome is a sodium channel deficiency in the myocardium that can cause arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The myocardium deficient sodium channels can be inherited or affected by environment factors such as fever or medications.

• Screening for this syndrome can be challenging because many times the first symptom of Brugada syndrome is cardiac arrest. Though incidents of sudden cardiac deaths are low, sudden cardiac death can impact families and communities.

• In Italy, screening ECG’s is claimed to have reduced sudden cardiac events by 85% (Maron, 2014). Preventing sudden cardiac death in these patients through sensible, reasonable …

Why Do Chemotherapeutic Drugs And Radiation Induce Cardiomyopathy And Cardiac Failure In Cancer Patients: Is This A Consequence Of Unrecognized Hypomagnesemia And Release Of Ceramides And Platelet-Activating Factor?, Burton M. Altura, Nilank C. Shah, Gatha J. Shah, Bella T. Altura

Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (Middletown) Publications and Research

The following is an excerpt from the text:

Almost four decades ago [13], two of us pointed out that there was a scattered number of clinical studies that were beginning to indicate that at least three of the chemotherapeutic drugs (i.e., cisplatin, vinbastine, and bleomycin) appeared to suggest that chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs may deplete the body of magnesium (Mg) [for references and review, see [1, 2, 3, 12]. Ever since we suggested the potential danger of these drugs to the heart and cardiovascular system[13], a growing body of evidence has borne-out these initial dangers to cancer patients [e.g., for reviews …

Why Is Cardiac Morbidity And Mortality Greater Around Christmas, New Year’S, Monday Mornings And In The Morning Hours: Potential Roles Of Unrecognized Ionized Hypomagnesemia And Release Of Ceramides?, Burton M. Altura, Joshua Burack, R. F. Tranbaugh, Z. Zisbrod, J. N. Cunningham, Nilank C. Shah, Bella T. Altura

Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (Middletown) Publications and Research

The following is the introduction to this article: There is a growing incidence of lethal cardiac events around Christmas, New Year’s and in the morning hours from 4:00 to 10:00 a.m. which is well-established in the USA and in The Southern Hemisphere [1-7]. In addition, many cardiac deaths often occur on Mondays with no satisfactory explanation [2,3]. Many of these deaths are, for the most part, unexplained and listed as “death from “natural causes”. Although in the USA, the deaths which occur around Christmas and New Years happen in the cold –winter months, this does not account for many cardiac …

The Relationship Between Periodontitis And Cardiovascular Disease, Jonathan Krupka

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease has been the subject of much research in recent years. The aim of this study is to review and analyze the relevant literature regarding this relationship, with an emphasis on determining a presence of periodontal bacteria from the periodontal pocket in atheromatous plaques, and to explore the biological role of inflammatory mechanisms that may link periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. Although there seems to be conflicting reports, the overall consensus confirms the presence of periodontal bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, in atheromatous plaques. Additionally, the presence of systemic markers of cardiovascular disease in …

Should Genetic Testing Be Recommended For Long Qt Syndrome Patients And Their Relatives?, Menachem Braun

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

No abstract provided.

Consequences Of Altered Short-Chain Carbon Metabolism In Heart Failure, Julie Horton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cardiovascular disease is currently the foremost cause of death within the United States. Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome defined by the inability of the heart to adequately execute requisite pump function in order to deliver nutrients and oxygen to peripheral tissues, irrespective of etiology. One of the most common causes of HF is chronic pressure overload due to hypertension. Ischemic heart disease is also a common driver of HF, often in conjunction with hypertension. Pressure overload initially causes compensatory metabolic changes. Structural changes follow shortly thereafter typically resulting in left ventricular hypertrophy. Eventually, the heart loses the ability to …

Remote Sensing Observation Of Annual Dust Cycles And Possible Causality Of Kawasaki Disease Outbreaks In Japan, Hesham El-Askary, Nick Lahaye, Erik J. Linstead, William A. Sprigg, Magdi Yacoub

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a rare vascular disease that, if left untreated, can result in irreparable cardiac damage in children. While the symptoms of KD are well-known, as are best practices for treatment, the etiology of the disease and the factors contributing to KD outbreaks remain puzzling to both medical practitioners and scientists alike. Recently, a fungus known as Candida, originating in the farmlands of China, has been blamed for outbreaks in China and Japan, with the hypothesis that it can be transported over long ranges via different wind mechanisms. This paper provides evidence to understand the transport mechanisms …

Gastrointestinal Bleeding Events And Statin Use: A Large Propensity Score-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study, Ashley I. Martinez

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Literature is conflicting regarding the association between statin use and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. This study sought to determine whether there is an association between statin use and GI bleeding by comparing incidence of gastrointestinal events between statin users and an active comparator group.

Data was obtained from a large administrative claims database composed of subjects enrolled in a selection of insurance plans throughout the United States from 2009-2014. New statin users (exposed) and thyroid medication users (active comparator, unexposed) were followed from the baseline period (one year prior to medication initiation) until first event, discontinuation, or disenrollment. Subjects were matched …

Protection From Aortic Aneurysm By Bmal1 Deletion From Smooth Muscle Cells, Jenny Lutshumba

Theses and Dissertations--Physiology

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a devastating condition that occurs primarily among older people with high mortality when a rupture occurs. Currently there is no proven pharmacological therapy for AAA due to poor understanding of the underlying pathogenesis. The brain and muscle transcription factor ARNT-like (Bmal1), which is known to regulate circadian rhythm, has been implicated in vascular pathologies including atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling, but its role in AAA has not been explored.

Vascular smooth muscle is a central player in aneurysm formation and development because it is critical in all three aortic aneurysm hallmark processes including (a) degradation of …

Assessing Provider Adherence To The 2013 Acc/Aha Hyperlipidemia Guideline, Adrienne Johnston

DNP Projects

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and accounts for more than 17.3 million deaths per year with hyperlipidemia as one of the leading risk factors. The 2013 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) hyperlipidemia guideline recommends healthy lifestyle habits, risk estimation of the development of cardiovascular disease using a risk calculator, and intensity dosed statin therapy. There has been controversy among providers resulting in confusion and inconsistent application of the guideline. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to examine provider adherence to the AHA/ACC hyperlipidemia guideline in a primary …