Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons^™

Dissection, Histological Processing, And Gene Expression Analysis Of Murine Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissuejove: Peer Reviewed Scientific Video Journal Article Protocols, Mark G Waterstraat, Ziyi Wang, Mari Kogiso, Rommel Caballero-Juarez, Miao-Hsueh Chen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Brown adipose tissue (BAT)-mediated thermogenesis plays an important role in the regulation of metabolism, and its morphology and function can be greatly impacted by environmental stimuli in mice and humans. Currently, murine interscapular BAT (iBAT), which is located between two scapulae in the upper dorsal flank of mice, is the main BAT depot used by research laboratories to study BAT function. Recently, a few previously unknown BAT depots were identified in mice, including one analogous to human supraclavicular brown adipose tissue. Unlike iBAT, murine supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (scBAT) is situated in the intermediate layer of the neck and thus …

High Dietary Folic Acid Supplementation Reduced The Composition Of Fatty Acids And Amino Acids In Fortified Eggs, Ao-Chuan Yu, Yu-Han Deng, Cheng Long, Xi-Hui Sheng, Xiang-Guo Wang, Long-Fei Xiao, Xue-Ze Lv, Xiang-Ning Chen, Li Chen, Xiao-Long Qi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

AIMS: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary folic acid (FA) on the production performance of laying hens, egg quality, and the nutritional differences between eggs fortified with FA and ordinary eggs.

METHODS: A total of 288 26-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens (initial body weights 1.65 ± 0.10 kg) with a similar weight and genetic background were used. A completely randomized design divided the birds into a control group and three treatment groups. Each group consisted of six replicates, with twelve chickens per replicate. Initially, all birds were fed a basal diet for 1 week. Subsequently, they were …

Dissection, Histological Processing, And Gene Expression Analysis Of Murine Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissue, Mark G Waterstraat, Ziyi Wang, Mari Kogiso, Rommel Caballero-Juarez, Miao-Hsueh Chen

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Brown adipose tissue (BAT)-mediated thermogenesis plays an important role in the regulation of metabolism, and its morphology and function can be greatly impacted by environmental stimuli in mice and humans. Currently, murine interscapular BAT (iBAT), which is located between two scapulae in the upper dorsal flank of mice, is the main BAT depot used by research laboratories to study BAT function. Recently, a few previously unknown BAT depots were identified in mice, including one analogous to human supraclavicular brown adipose tissue. Unlike iBAT, murine supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (scBAT) is situated in the intermediate layer of the neck and thus …

Trends In Us Public Confidence In Science And Opportunities For Progress, Arthur Lupia, David B Allison, Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Jennifer Heimberg, Magdalena Skipper, Susan M Wolf

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

In recent years, many questions have been raised about whether public confidence in science is changing. To clarify recent trends in the public's confidence and factors that are associated with these feelings, an effort initiated by the National Academies' Strategic Council for Research Excellence, Integrity, and Trust (the Strategic Council) analyzed findings from multiple survey research organizations. The Strategic Council's effort, which began in 2022, found that U.S. public confidence in science, the scientific community, and leaders of scientific communities is high relative to other civic, cultural, and governmental institutions for which researchers regularly collect such data. However, confidence in …

A Novel System To Culture Human Intestinal Organoids Under Physiological Oxygen Content To Study Microbial-Host Interaction, Tatiana Y. Fofanova, Umesh C. Karandikar, Jennifer M. Auchtung, Reid L. Wilson, Antonio J. Valentin, Robert A. Britton, K. Jane Grande-Allen, Mary K. Estes, Kristi Hoffman, Sashirekha Ramani, Christopher J. Stewart, Joseph F. Petrosino

Food for Health: Publications

Mechanistic investigation of host-microbe interactions in the human gut are hindered by difficulty of co-culturing microbes with intestinal epithelial cells. On one hand the gut bacteria are a mix of facultative, aerotolerant or obligate anaerobes, while the intestinal epithelium requires oxygen for growth and function. Thus, a coculture system that can recreate these contrasting oxygen requirements is critical step towards our understanding microbial-host interactions in the human gut. Here, we demonstrate Intestinal Organoid Physoxic Coculture (IOPC) system, a simple and cost-effective method for coculturing anaerobic intestinal bacteria with human intestinal organoids (HIOs). Using commensal anaerobes with varying degrees of oxygen …

Targeting Glutamine Dependence With Drp-104 Inhibits Proliferation And Tumor Growth Of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, David Moon, J Spencer Hauck, Xue Jiang, Holly Quang, Lingfan Xu, Fan Zhang, Xia Gao, Robert Wild, Jeffrey I Everitt, Everardo Macias, Yiping He, Jiaoti Huang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in men. While androgen deprivation therapy is initially effective, castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) often recurs and has limited treatment options. Our previous study identified glutamine metabolism to be critical for CRPC growth. The glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) blocks both carbon and nitrogen pathways but has dose-limiting toxicity. The prodrug DRP-104 is expected to be preferentially converted to DON in tumor cells to inhibit glutamine utilization with minimal toxicity. However, CRPC cells' susceptibility to DRP-104 remains unclear.

METHODS: Human PCa cell lines (LNCaP, LAPC4, C4-2/MDVR, PC-3, 22RV1, …

Increased Plasma Branched Short-Chain Fatty Acids And Improved Glucose Homeostasis: The Microbiome And Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study (Miles), Arianne Aslamy, Alexis C Wood, Elizabeth T Jensen, Alain G Bertoni, Patricia A Sheridan, Kari E Wong, Gautam Ramesh, Jerome I Rotter, Yii-Der I Chen, Mark O Goodarzi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been extensively studied for potential beneficial roles in glucose homeostasis and risk of diabetes; however, most of this research has focused on butyrate, acetate, and propionate. The effect on metabolism of branched SCFAs (BSCFAs; isobutyrate, isovalerate, and methylbutyrate) is largely unknown. In a cohort of 219 non-Hispanic White participants and 126 African American participants, we examined the association of BSCFA with dysglycemia (prediabetes and diabetes) and oral glucose tolerance test-based measures of glucose and insulin homeostasis, as well as with demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and lipid traits, and other SCFAs. We observed a bimodal distribution of …

Estrogen Signaling In The Dorsal Raphe Regulates Binge-Like Drinking In Mice, Valeria C Torres Irizarry, Bing Feng, Xiaohua Yang, Nirali Patel, Sarah Schaul, Lucas Ibrahimi, Hui Ye, Pei Luo, Leslie Carrillo-Sáenz, Penghua Lai, Maya Kota, Devin Dixit, Chunmei Wang, Amy W Lasek, Yanlin He, Pingwen Xu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Estrogens promote binge alcohol drinking and contribute to sex differences in alcohol use disorder. However, the mechanisms are largely unknown. This study aims to test if estrogens act on 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (5-HTDRN) to promote binge drinking. We found that female mice drank more alcohol than male mice in chronic drinking in the dark (DID) tests. This sex difference was associated with distinct alterations in mRNA expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and 5-HT-related genes in the DRN, suggesting a potential role of estrogen/ERs/5-HT signaling. In supporting this view, 5-HTDRN neurons from naïve male mice had …

International Consensus Statement On The Radiological Evaluation Of Dysraphic Malformations Of The Spine And Spinal Cord, Ankit Balani, Jai Sidpra, Sniya Sudhakar, Asthik Biswas, Özgür Öztekin, Valeria Capra, Martin Catala, Andrew J Copp, Neetu Kumar, Navroop Johal, M Zubair Tahir, Dominic Thompson, Dachling Pang, David M Mirsky, Mai-Lan Ho, Thierry A G M Huisman, Andrea Rossi, Kshitij Mankad

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Dysraphic malformations of the spine and spinal cord (DMSSC) represent a spectrum of common congenital anomalies typically (though not exclusively) affecting the lower spinal segments. These may be responsible for varying degrees of neurologic, orthopedic, and urologic morbidity. With advances in neuroimaging, it is now possible to better diagnose and evaluate these disorders both prenatally and postnatally. Neuroimaging, performed at the right time and with technique optimization, is integral in guiding clinical management. However, the terminology used to describe these lesions has become increasingly confusing, and there is a lack of consensus regarding the essential radiologic features and their clinical …

An Excitatory Projection From The Basal Forebrain To The Ventral Tegmental Area That Underlies Anorexia-Like Phenotypes, Jing Cai, Yanyan Jiang, Yuanzhong Xu, Zhiying Jiang, Claire Young, Hongli Li, Joshua Ortiz-Guzman, Yizhou Zhuo, Yulong Li, Yong Xu, Benjamin R Arenkiel, Qingchun Tong

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Maladaptation in balancing internal energy needs and external threat cues may result in eating disorders. However, brain mechanisms underlying such maladaptations remain elusive. Here, we identified that the basal forebrain (BF) sends glutamatergic projections to glutamatergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in mice. Glutamatergic neurons in both regions displayed correlated responses to various stressors. Notably, in vivo manipulation of BF terminals in the VTA revealed that the glutamatergic BF → VTA circuit reduces appetite, increases locomotion, and elicits avoidance. Consistently, activation of VTA glutamatergic neurons reduced body weight, blunted food motivation, and caused hyperactivity with behavioral signs of …

Using Mobile Technology For Family-Based Prevention In Families With Low Incomes: Lessons From A Randomized Controlled Trial Of A Childhood Obesity Prevention Program, Thomas G Power, Susan S Baker, Karen V Barale, M Catalina Aragón, Jane D Lanigan, Louise Parker, Karina Silva Garcia, Garry Auld, Nilda Micheli, Sheryl O Hughes

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Researchers are increasingly using web-based technologies to deliver family-based, prevention programming. Few studies have examined the success of such approaches for families with low incomes. The purpose of this study was to describe the level of in-class and online engagement in a childhood obesity prevention program for parents with low incomes, to examine the demographic correlates of parent engagement, and to examine dosage effects on parental feeding outcomes as a function of online exposure. All participants attended in-class nutrition education classes (Eating Smart · Being Active) as part of the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) in Colorado and …

Genetic Architecture And Biology Of Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes, Soo Heon Kwak, Shylaja Srinivasan, Ling Chen, Jennifer Todd, Josep M Mercader, Elizabeth T Jensen, Jasmin Divers, Amy K Mottl, Catherine Pihoker, Rachelle G Gandica, Lori M Laffel, Elvira Isganaitis, Morey W Haymond, Lynne L Levitsky, Toni I Pollin, Jose C Florez, Jason Flannick, Progress In Diabetes Genetics In Youth (Prodigy) Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The prevalence of youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) and childhood obesity has been rising steadily1, producing a growing public health concern1 that disproportionately affects minority groups2. The genetic basis of youth-onset T2D and its relationship to other forms of diabetes are unclear3. Here we report a detailed genetic characterization of youth-onset T2D by analysing exome sequences and common variant associations for 3,005 individuals with youth-onset T2D and 9,777 adult control participants matched for ancestry, including both males and females. We identify monogenic diabetes variants in 2.4% of individuals and three exome-wide significant ( …

Leptin Reduction As A Required Component For Weight Loss, Shangang Zhao, Na Li, Wei Xiong, Guannan Li, Sijia He, Zhuzhen Zhang, Qingzhang Zhu, Nisi Jiang, Christian Ikejiofor, Yi Zhu, May-Yun Wang, Xianlin Han, Ningyang Zhang, Carolina Solis-Herrera, Christine Kusminski, Zhiqiang An, Joel K Elmquist, Philipp E Scherer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Partial leptin reduction can induce significant weight loss, while weight loss contributes to partial leptin reduction. The cause-and-effect relationship between leptin reduction and weight loss remains to be further elucidated. Here, we show that FGF21 and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist liraglutide rapidly induced a reduction in leptin. This leptin reduction contributed to the beneficial effects of GLP-1R agonism in metabolic health, as transgenically maintaining leptin levels during treatment partially curtailed the beneficial effects seen with these agonists. Moreover, a higher degree of leptin reduction during treatment, induced by including a leptin neutralizing antibody with either FGF21 or …

The Role Of Diet And Gut Microbiota In Alzheimer’S Disease, D. M.Sithara Dissanayaka, Vijay Jayasena, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Ralph N. Martins, W. M.A.D.Binosha Fernando

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (A ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. Currently, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) impacts 50 million individuals, with projections anticipating an increase to 152 million by the year 2050. Despite the increasing global prevalence of AD, its underlying pathology remains poorly understood, posing challenges for early diagnosis and treatment. Recent research suggests a link between gut dysbiosis and the aggregation of A , the development of tau proteins, and the occurrence of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are associated with AD. However, investigations into the gut–brain axis …

Parental Age Effects And Rett Syndrome, Xiaolan Fang, Lauren M Baggett, Raymond C Caylor, Alan K Percy, Jeffrey L Neul, Jane B Lane, Daniel G Glaze, Tim A Benke, Eric D Marsh, Kathleen J Motil, Judy O Barrish, Fran E Annese, Steven A Skinner

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder, and pathogenic Methyl-CpG-binding Protein 2 (MECP2) variants are identified in >95% of individuals with typical RTT. Most of RTT-causing variants in MECP2 are de novo and usually on the paternally inherited X chromosome. While paternal age has been reported to be associated with increased risk of genetic disorders, it is unknown whether parental age contributes to the risk of the development of RTT. Clinical data including parental age, RTT diagnostic status, and clinical severity are collected from 1226 participants with RTT and confirmed MECP2 variants. Statistical analyses are performed using Student t-test, …

Role Of Polyunsaturated Fat In Modifying Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Family History Of Cardiovascular Disease: Pooled De Novo Results From 15 Observational Studies, Federica Laguzzi, Agneta Åkesson, Matti Marklund, Frank Qian, Bruna Gigante, Traci M Bartz, Julie K Bassett, Anna Birukov, Hannia Campos, Yoichiro Hirakawa, Fumiaki Imamura, Susanne Jäger, Maria Lankinen, Rachel A Murphy, Mackenzie Senn, Toshiko Tanaka, Nathan Tintle, Jyrki K Virtanen, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Matthew Allison, Ingeborg A Brouwer, Ulf De Faire, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Luigi Ferrucci, Nita G Forouhi, Johanna M Geleijnse, Allison M Hodge, Hitomi Kimura, Markku Laakso, Ulf Risérus, Anniek C Van Westing, Stefania Bandinelli, Ana Baylin, Graham G Giles, Vilmundur Gudnason, Hiroyasu Iso, Rozenn N Lemaitre, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Wendy S Post, Bruce M Psaty, Jukka T Salonen, Matthias B Schulze, Michael Y Tsai, Matti Uusitupa, Nicholas J Wareham, Seung-Won Oh, Alexis C Wood, William S Harris, David Siscovick, Dariush Mozaffarian, Karin Leander, Fatty Acids And Outcomes Research Consortium (Force)

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) modifies the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with a family history of CVD. We assessed interactions between biomarkers of low PUFA intake and a family history in relation to long-term CVD risk in a large consortium.

METHODS: Blood and tissue PUFA data from 40 885 CVD-free adults were assessed. PUFA levels ≤25th percentile were considered to reflect low intake of linoleic, alpha-linolenic, and eicosapentaenoic/docosahexaenoic acids (EPA/DHA). Family history was defined as having ≥1 first-degree relative who experienced a CVD event. Relative risks with 95% CI of CVD were …

Characterization Of Variant Rnas Encapsidated During Bromovirus Infection By High-Throughput Sequencing, Sarah Dexheimer, Nipin Shrestha, Bandana Sharma Chapagain, Jozef J. Bujarski, Yanbin Yin

Food for Health: Publications

Previously, we described the RNA recombinants accumulating in tissues infected with the bromoviruses BMV (Brome mosaic virus) and CCMV (Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus). In this work, we characterize the recombinants encapsidated inside the purified virion particles of BMV and CCMV. By using a tool called the Viral Recombination Mapper (ViReMa) that detects recombination junctions, we analyzed a high number of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) short RNA sequence reads. Over 28% of BMV or CCMV RNA reads did not perfectly map to the viral genomes. ViReMa identified 1.40% and 1.83% of these unmapped reads as the RNA recombinants, respectively, in BMV and …

Disruption Of The Arabidopsis Acyl-Activating Enzyme 3 Impairs Seed Coat Mucilage Accumulation And Seed Germination, Ninghui Cheng, Paul A Nakata

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The Acyl-activating enzyme (AAE) 3 gene encodes an oxalyl-CoA synthetase that catalyzes the conversion of oxalate to oxalyl-CoA as the first step in the CoA-dependent pathway of oxalate catabolism. Although the role of this enzyme in oxalate catabolism has been established, its biological roles in plant growth and development are less understood. As a step toward gaining a better understanding of these biological roles, we report here a characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana aae3 (Ataae3) seed mucilage phenotype. Ruthidium red (RR) staining of Ataae3 and wild type (WT) seeds suggested that the observed reduction in Ataae3 …

Antibiotic-Induced Gut Dysbiosis Elicits Gut-Brain Axis Relevant Multi-Omic Signatures And Behavioral And Neuroendocrine Changes In A Nonhuman Primate Model, Shivdeep S. Hayer, Mackenzie Conrin, Jeffrey French, Andrew K. Benson, Sophie Alvarez, Kathryn Dempsey, Anne Fischer, Zahraa Wajih Alsafwani, William Gasper, Mallory J. Suhr Van Haute, Haley R. Hassenstab, Shayda Azadmanesh, Missy Briardy, Skyler Gerbers, Aliyah Jabenis, Jennifer L. Thompson, Jonathan B. Clayton

Food for Health: Publications

Emerging evidence indicates that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis can play an etiological role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, most of this evidence comes from rodent models. The objective of this study was to evaluate if antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis can elicit changes in gut metabolites and behavior indicative of gut-brain axis disruption in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) – a nonhuman primate model often used to study sociability and stress. We were able to successfully induce dysbiosis in marmosets using a custom antibiotic cocktail (vancomycin, enrofloxacin and neomycin) administered orally for 28 days. This gut dysbiosis altered gut metabolite profiles, …

Regional Variability In The Prevalence Of Food Insecurity And Diet Quality Among United States Children, Jayna M Dave, Tzuan A Chen, Alexandra N Castro, Mamie White, Elizabeth A Onugha, Sloane Zimmerman, Debbe Thompson

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Understanding the association between food security status (FSS) and diet quality in children is crucial. This study investigated regional variability in FSS, participation in the federal nutrition assistance program (FNAP), and diet quality among US children. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2013 to 2016 were analyzed. The association between FSS, FNAP participation, and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index—HEI-2015) was assessed using multiple linear/logistic regression models. The sample included 6403 children (mean age: 7.5 years; 51% male; 33% Hispanic). Within the sample, 13% reported child food insecurity, and 30% reported household food insecurity. Additionally, 90% participated in …

Heat Shock Factor 1 Directly Regulates Transsulfuration Pathway To Promote Prostate Cancer Proliferation And Survival, J Spencer Hauck, David Moon, Xue Jiang, Mu-En Wang, Yue Zhao, Lingfan Xu, Holly Quang, William Butler, Ming Chen, Everardo Macias, Xia Gao, Yiping He, Jiaoti Huang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

There are limited therapeutic options for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). We previously found that heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) expression is increased in PCa and is an actionable target. In this manuscript, we identify that HSF1 regulates the conversion of homocysteine to cystathionine in the transsulfuration pathway by altering levels of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS). We find that HSF1 directly binds the CBS gene and upregulates CBS mRNA levels. Targeting CBS decreases PCa growth and induces tumor cell death while benign prostate cells are largely unaffected. Combined inhibition of HSF1 and CBS results in more pronounced inhibition of PCa cell …

Autophagy Determines Distinct Cell Fates In Human Amnion And Chorion Cells, Mary Elise L Severino, Lauren Richardson, Ananth Kumar Kammala, Enkhtuya Radnaa, Kamil Khanipov, Leslie Michelle M Dalmacio, Indira U Mysorekar, Marian Kacerovsky, Ramkumar Menon

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Human fetal membranes (amniochorion) that line the intrauterine cavity consist of two distinct cell layers; single-layer amnion epithelial cells (AEC) and multilayer chorion trophoblast cells (CTC). These layers are connected through a collagen-rich extracellular matrix. Cellular remodeling helps support membrane growth and integrity during gestation and helps to maintain pregnancy. Preterm prelabor rupture of the human amniochorionic (fetal) membrane (pPROM) is antecedent to 40% of all spontaneous preterm birth. Oxidative stress (OS) induced activation of the p38 MAPK due to various maternal risk exposures and the amniochorion cells' senescence are reported pathological features of pPROM. Our transcriptomics analysis implicated dysregulated …

Nutritional Importance Of Animal-Sourced Foods In A Healthy Diet, Sydney Sheffield, Marta L Fiorotto, Teresa A Davis

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Animal-sourced foods, such as meats, poultry, eggs, milk, and fish are nutrient-dense foods that are rich sources of protein, essential amino acids, and micronutrients that can be challenging to obtain solely through plant-based foods. Animal-sourced protein foods provide crucial nutrients that support the growth and development in children, maintenance of muscle mass and function in adults, gain in muscle mass and strength in exercising individuals, and mitigation of sarcopenia in the elderly. The 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans have identified the important role of animal-sourced foods in the diet at every stage of life. Animal-sourced foods are consumed worldwide and …

Branched-Chain Amino Acid Accumulation Fuels The Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype, Yaosi Liang, Christopher Pan, Tao Yin, Lu Wang, Xia Gao, Ergang Wang, Holly Quang, De Huang, Lianmei Tan, Kun Xiang, Yu Wang, Peter B Alexander, Qi-Jing Li, Tso-Pang Yao, Zhao Zhang, Xiao-Fan Wang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The essential branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine play critical roles in protein synthesis and energy metabolism. Despite their widespread use as nutritional supplements, BCAAs' full effects on mammalian physiology remain uncertain due to the complexities of BCAA metabolic regulation. Here a novel mechanism linking intrinsic alterations in BCAA metabolism is identified to cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), both of which contribute to organismal aging and inflammation-related diseases. Altered BCAA metabolism driving the SASP is mediated by robust activation of the BCAA transporters Solute Carrier Family 6 Members 14 and 15 as well as downregulation …

Critical Dialogue And Capacity-Building Projects Reduced Alcohol And Substance Use In A Randomized Clinical Trial Among Formerly Incarcerated Men, Liliane Cambraia Windsor, Ellen Benoit, Carol Lee, Alexis Jemal, Kari Kugler, Douglas C Smith, Rogério M Pinto, Salma Musaad

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background:

Rates of alcohol and/or substance use (ASU) among residents of predominantly Black and marginalized communities are similar to ASU rates in White communities. Yet ASU has worse consequences in predominantly Black and marginalized communities (e.g., higher incarceration).

Objective:

We randomized participants to one of 16 intervention conditions using a 2⁴ full factorial design to optimize a multilevel intervention reducing ASU among 602 formerly incarcerated men with substance-use-disorders (SUD). Candidate intervention components included (1) critical dialogue (CD; six weekly 2-hour-long group sessions vs. no CD sessions), (2) Quality of Life Wheel (QLW; six weekly 1-hour-long group sessions vs. no …

Citrulline And Adi-Peg20 Reduce Inflammation In A Juvenile Porcine Model Of Acute Endotoxemia, Caitlin Vonderohe, Barbara Stoll, Inka Didelija, Trung Nguyen, Mahmoud Mohammad, Yava Jones-Hall, Miguel A Cruz, Juan Marini, Douglas Burrin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid that is depleted in critically ill or surgical patients. In pediatric and adult patients, sepsis results in an arginine-deficient state, and the depletion of plasma arginine is associated with greater mortality. However, direct supplementation of arginine can result in the excessive production of nitric oxide (NO), which can contribute to the hypotension and macrovascular hypo-reactivity observed in septic shock. Pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20, pegargiminase) reduces plasma arginine and generates citrulline that can be transported intracellularly to generate local arginine and NO, without resulting in hypotension, while maintaining microvascular patency. The objective of …

Polygenic Scores And Mendelian Randomization Identify Plasma Proteins Causally Implicated In Alzheimer’S Disease, Davis B Cammann, Yimei Lu, Jerome I Rotter, Alexis C Wood, Jingchun Chen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: An increasing body of evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is one of the key drivers of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) pathology. Due to the increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in older adults, peripheral plasma proteins can infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) and drive neuroinflammation through interactions with neurons and glial cells. Because these inflammatory factors are heritable, a greater understanding of their genetic relationship with LOAD could identify new biomarkers that contribute to LOAD pathology or offer protection against it.

METHODS: We used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 90 different plasma proteins (

RESULTS: We identified …

Chronic Kidney Disease Nutritional Management: Developing A Guideline, Benjamin L. Wallace

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects - Archive

The global prevalence and incidence of those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are unknown. Thirty-seven million adults are estimated to have CKD and need nutritional assessment, education, and management to prevent further kidney damage and mortality (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022; United States Renal Data System, 2022). Maintaining the nutritional requirements for CKD is listed as a global concern in the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD 2020 (Ikizler et al., 2020). After a review of more than 50 publications, five recommendations were developed and proposed. A team of multidisciplinary stakeholders, …

Nutrient Profile Assessment Of A Meal Program Impact On Older Adults' Diet Quality And Food Security Status, Millicent Yaa Gyasiwaa Ms

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

The rise in food insecurity globally has ignited institutions and organizations to implement policies and programs to reduce the burden on vulnerable people including older adults and people living in underserved areas. Though programs such as congregate, home-delivered meals, and pantries have been initiated to contribute to reducing food insecurity the nutrient content of these meals including recovered meals and their effect on food security status, food quality, and health has not been widely studied. The current study, Meals on Wings (MOW), assessed the nutrient profile of the free meals offered 4 times per week for 3 months, from May …

Role Of Social Determinants Of Health And The Renin- Angiotensin Aldosterone System In Risk For Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy And Related Adverse Outcomes., Esther Letushila Ndashaala

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) represent a significant public health issue, contributing to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds or marginalized racial and ethnic groups face higher risks of HDP, which have been incompletely described. In addition, risk for HDP may be linked to a reduction in the normal activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). This study investigates the role of socioeconomic factors and RAAS components in the risk for HDP and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of data from 180 pregnant individuals from a high-risk maternal-fetal …