Orthodontics and Orthodontology Commons^™

A Clinical Study Of Cuspid And Incisor Retraction Using A Simplified Long Acting Edgewise Technique, James M. Prichard

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Six patients were treated by means of a simplified edgewise technique. The rate of the cuspid retraction and molar movement was measured and difficulty of appliance, adjustment, length of appointments, severity and duration of pain, and root resorption were assessed. The technique of treatment is described and evaluated relative to these criteria. The measurements were made utilizing a unique intra-oral camera and a measuring device designed for the study.

It was found that approximately 44.4 percent of the extraction space was closed by anterior movement of the molar and 55.6 percent was closed by distal movement of the cuspid. The …

A Clinical Evaluation Of The Light Progressive Technique During Cuspid And Anterior Retraction, Gary R. Keszler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study was conducted to clinically evaluate cuspid and anterior retraction in first bicuspid extraction cases using the Light Progressive Technique. More specifically interest was centered on rate of cuspid and anterior retraction, anchorage preservation or control, difficulty of appliance adjustments, time involved in adjustments, frequency of adjustments, total retraction time, patient discomfort, root resorption, as well as a complete cephalometric appraisal. Seven patients were treated for ten months. The appliance was activated at three week intervals, and progress recorded monthly.

It was shown that this technique maintains molar anchorage during rapid cuspid retraction without relying on patient cooperation for …

A Clinical Evaluation Of A Technique Utilizing Plastic Modules For Cuspid And Incisor Retraction, Dwane I. Johnston

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In a clinical study, polyurethane-type plastic modules were evaluated for use in retracting cuspids and incisors in Class I extraction cases.

Seven patients were selected to be treated with a technique utilizing these plastic modules. All cases were in Class I molar relationship and were either bimaxillary, protrusive or had tooth-size, arch-length discrepancies.

Evaluation was based on rate of cuspid and incisor retraction and the control of molar anchorage during the retraction phase.

At four-week intervals data were collected on space closure. At the same time, such subjective data as amount and duration of pain, difficulty of appliance adjustment and …

An Evaluation Of Cuspid And Anterior Retraction Using Burstone Mechanics In First Bicuspid Extraction Cases, George Rodney Heath

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study was conducted to clinically evaluate cuspid and anterior retraction in first bicuspid extraction cases using the Burstone segmented arch technique. More specifically interest was centered on rate of cuspid and anterior retraction, anchorage preservation or control, difficulty of appliance adjustments, time involved and frequency of adjustments, total retraction time, patient discomfort, root resorption, as well as a complete cephalometric appraisal. Six patients were treated for seven months with measurements and records taken to asses (sic) the above desired information.

The results of the patients undergoing lower cuspid retraction showed a mean percentage of 26.0% for the molars and …

A Clinical Study Of Cuspid And Incisor Retraction Using The Mechanics Of Charles H. Tweed, Eugene R. Humphries

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A controlled clinical study of cuspid and incisor retraction using the mechanics advocated by Charles H. Tweed on class I four first bicuspid extraction cases was conducted. A carefully restricted sample of seven patients, three boys and four girls, was treated by seven graduate orthodontic students at Loma Linda University.

Measurements were made at monthly intervals to assess cuspid, incisor, and molar movements. Data were collected at each appliance adjustment to evaluate pain, difficulty, length of appointment, and the observations and impressions of each clinician regarding the technique.

The mean rates of cuspid movement during the cuspid retraction phase of …

A Serial Cephalometric Evaluation Of The Mandibular Radius, W. Thomas Veal Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study compared the mandibular radius (center of the condyle to gnathion) with the mandibular planes (lower border and GoGn) utilizing serial lateral cephalograms on orthodontically treated and nontreated individuals. Three groups were employed as follows: Group 1 of 38 untreated individuals for serial data on growth alone; Group 2 of 13 patients with Class II, high angle, open bite malocclusions that had been treated with high pull headgear and the edgewise appliance (control representing the least amount of mandibular rotation during orthodontic treatment); and Group 3 of 54 randomly selected orthodontic patients to represent the average mandibular rotation during …

Change In The Number Of Fibers And Nuclei In The Rat Soleus Muscle During Normal Development And Increased Work Load Exercise, John K. Pearson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Many orthodontists have desired to produce a permanent lengthening of a short upper lip. To produce a permanent increase in skeletal muscle mass, changes associated with hyperplasia would probably have to occur. If it would be possible to demonstrate in animals that skeletal muscle cells and corresponding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) increased with exercise, clinical studies on the upper lip would be in order.

Male Sprague Dawley albino rats were used to study the effects of exercise and normal development. Increased work load exercise of the soleus muscle was induced by cutting the tendon of the synergestic gastrocnemius. Histological sections of …

A Computerized Study Of Midpalatal Suture Expansion, Clelan G. Ehrler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

An investigation has been conducted to consider the effects of midpalatal suture expansion on the cranial-facial complex. Nine patients were treated that had constricted maxillae. Data was obtained from frontal and lateral headplate radiographs which were taken at four intervals during treatment. The Rocky Mountain Data Systems diagnosis was utilized to interpret the radiographic data.

The data from the nine cases were averaged to obtain a composit [sic] change at each of the four times.

Examination of the lateral headplate data revealed that no permanent significant alteration occurred to the positions of the mandible or maxilla in a vertical or …

The Relationship Of The Bucco-Lingual Position Of The Mandibular First Molar To Occlusion And Arch Stability, Lothar M. Guttschuss

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Forty non-treated and twenty-two orthodontically treated cases were selected to determine the relationship of the bucco-lingual position of the mandibular first molar to occlusion and arch stability.

Plaster models and occlusal radiographs were obtained from all the cases. Anterior crowding, intermolar width, molar classification, and molar overhang relative to the basal bone were determined. The modified technique for occlusal radiographs used was found to result in radiographs which were more versatile and accurate when interchanged with the model measurements. Clinical applications of this technique include the determination of root angulations, location of impactions, and the fabrication of individualized preformed arch …

A Comparison Of The Articular Eminence To Various Skeletal And Dental Malocclusions, James R. Wise

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The slope of the articular eminence was measured on the cephalograms of 71 subjects. The patients were divided Into three major categories on the basis of skeletal pattern, dental bite type, and Angle's classification. Skeletal pattern was determined by the mandibular plane angle (SNGoGn). High Angle and Low Angle cases were classified by two standard deviations from normal. Dental bite types were divided into Open Dental or Closed Dental according to the absence or presence of anterior disclusion, respectively. Angle's method of classification was also used to divide the sample Into Class I, II, or III malocclusions.

The eminence slope …

The Relationship Between The Lingual Surface Of The Maxillary Central Incisor And The Eminence Of The Mandibular Fossae, Robert A. Huffer

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Gnathologists have suggested that in order to prevent excessive wear on posterior teeth, alveolar bone loss due to traumatic occlusion, and temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) disturbances, the mandibular incisors should disclude the posterior teeth by moving along the lingual surfaces of the maxillary incisors as the condyles move down the articular eminence in protrusion. It is suggested that in order for this to occur, the lingual surface of the maxillary incisors should be steeper than the eminence.

A cephalometric technique was developed to accurately determine the anatomical form of the articular eminence. A regular orthodontic tracing of the head was done …

An Analysis Of Orthodontic Treatment Results Employing Class Ii Armstrong Adjustable Intermaxillary Springs, Michael E. Shumate

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A study of orthodontic treatment results employing Class II Armstrong Adjustable Intermaxillary Springs was made on twenty-eight randomly selected patients which were treated by Dr. Maclay Armstrong.

The skeletal and dental changes observed during treatment with the Class II springs was compared with those results observed when comparable type malocclusions were treated with Class II elastics. A list of changes which were observed during treatment with Class II elastics was compiled from the literature using individual studies published by Ricketts, Creekmore and Hanes.

The study was based on the findings observed in the initial and final cephalometric radiographs. A statistical …

Maximum Opening And Closing Forces Exerted By Diverse Skeletal Types, Erkut Yildirim

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

An appliance was constructed to measure the maximum opening force, whereas, a gnathodynamometer was utilized to record maximum closing force of 44 subjects. The collected data was analyzed by computer, regardless of sex, to determine both the mean and the standard deviation of the opening forces, and the average right and left side closing forces. The data was also computed for the above mentioned variables to find out the mean and the standard deviation for both sexes. The Student's t test was utilized to determine if there were any significant differences in the before mentioned variables. A linear correlation analysis …

Induced Early Closure Of The Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis In The Guinea Pig, Arthur A. Ewert

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study was designed to explore the significance of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in cranial base and craniofacial development.

Premature fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in the guinea pig was induced by placing a wire staple in the cranial base across the synchondrosis. One end of the staple was placed in the basi-occipital bone and the other end in the basi-sphenoid bone.

Results of this early closure showed marked changes in craniofacial morphology. The entire cranium anterior to the auditory bullae dropped down in relation to the axial skeleton. The cranial base from basion to the intersphenoidal synchondrosis was markedly shortened. …

The Role Of The Articular Eminence In Mandibular Protrusion, Norman E. Corbett

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Since movements of the TMJ may be translatory, rotary, or both, the form of the articular eminence becomes an integral part of the anatomy of the joint and is important in an understanding of TMJ function. A cephalometric technique was developed to accurately determine the anatomical form of the articular eminence. From a series of cephalograms, taken in various mandibular positions, the protrusive condylar path was determined. This path was also determined from a gnathological recording technique. The paths obtained were observed to be the same. The condylar path and articular eminence curves were mathematically expressed by computer programmed quadratic …

Correlation Of The Epiphyseal Closure And Ossification Of The Ulnar Sesamoid Bone Of The Metacarpophalangeal Joint Of The Thumb, Hilbert Lentz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if there is a correlation between the times of closure of the epiphyses of the hand and the time of ossification of the ulnar sesamoid of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb.

The time for these events was studied in twenty-three males and fourteen females for which appropriate hand radiographs were available. Radiographs were made every three months and epiphyseal closure was studied in these beginning with the one in which the sesamoid first appeared. The maximum time for study after sesamoid closure was twenty-four months.

Only one subject showed complete closure …

A Comparative Roentgenographic Cephalometric Study Of The Facial Profile Of Orthodontic Patients Treated At Loma Linda University With Winners Of The "Smiles Of The Year" Contest, Romeo I. Stoll

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The "Smiles of the Year" winners and patients treated at Loma Linda University by the extraction or non-extraction approach were compared by linear and angular variables of skeletal, dental and soft tissue components. These findings were analyzed statistically to determine significant differences in the profile and detect the relationship between the integument and hard structures.

The following conclusions were drawn from this investigation to reflect the trend of treatment at Loma Linda University.

1. After treatment the patients had less skeletal convexity, but were more convexity than established standards.
2. The incisors of the patients treated by the extraction approach were less …

Some Aspects Of Cranial Bone Growth In The Puberal Macaca Mulatta Monkey: As Evidenced By Metallic Implants And Cephalometric Roentgenography And The Application Of A Geological Lapidary Technique For The Semi-Serial Thin Sectioning Of Undecalcified Bone, Lee Eugene Olsen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to investigate cranial and facial bone growth in the puberal Macaca mulatta monkey over a six month period utilizing the methods of metallic implantation combined with serial cephalometric roentgenography and a bichromatic vital staining method.

The employment of the vital stains, alizarin Red S and anthracene blue, over the six month period of the study, failed to stain the actively growing bone as evidenced by gross and microscopic analysis of the undecalcified bone preparations.

Interimplant measurements were made across certain bone sutures and the following results were obtained: The zygomaticotemporal sutures showed marked growth …

A Comparison Between Differences Of Body-Image And Self-Concept For Pre- And Post-Treatment Orthodontic Patients, Roy D. Atkin

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The primary objective of this study was to quantitatively address the three following questions:

1. Does orthodontic treatment when administered to the adolescent patient produce changes in his or her body-image and self-concept?

2. In which areas of the body does the patient experience changes in body image after orthodontic treatment?

3. What significance or value does the patient place on orthodontic treatment relative to changes in the subject's life?

In seeking answers to the above questions, a questionnaire was given to a group of 138 male and female orthodontic patients.

Results of the study indicate that (1) total body-image and self-concept are …

A Cephalometric, Anatomic And Histologic Investigation Of The Effects Resulting From A Heavy Interrupted Orthopedic Force To The Maxilla Of The Macaca Mulatta Monkey, Roger Wayne Triftshauser

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine changes that occur in the craniofacial complex, when a heavy interrupted orthopedic force is employed to retract the maxilla in the post puberal rhesus monkey. Cephalometric, histologic and anatomic examinations were utilized to substantiate the findings.

Four female rhesus monkeys were used for experimentation. Two were experimental animals and the other two controls. Cervical retraction with headgear was applied over a period of 313 days and 159 days to the two experimental animals. Forces not exceeding 2.5 lbs. were found most effective.

The findings were as follows:-

1. A total posterior displacement of …

Craniofacial Changes Resulting From Expansion Of The Midpalatal Suture In The Macaca Mulatta Monkey As Revealed By Roentgenographic Analysis, Raymond M. Sugiyama

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of midpalatal suture separation on the craniofacial complex by quantitative roentgenographic analysis.

Ten female Macaca mulatta monkeys were randomly grouped for experimentation. Six animals were paired in groups for two months of treatment, four months of treatment followed by two months of post retention, and six months of treatment. The four remaining monkeys were paired and served as control animals for two and six month periods. Total activation of the expansion appliances in the treated animals was completed over a three week period.

The findings of this study were based …

Masseter Muscle Position Relative To Skeletal Open Bite And Skeletal Closed Bite, Alonzo David Proctor

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Modification of cephalometric roentgenographic procedures provided a means to identify the anterior borders of the right and left masseter muscles and relate them to surrounding dentoskeletal elements. Attachment of short, stiff, wires to the cheeks in a position superficial to the anterior borders of the muscles, subsequent to palpation and prior to exposure of the roentgenographic film, was the procedure used. The bi-lateral images projected on the film were averaged and traced along with dentoskeletal elements including those associated with skeletal type. This line representing the anterior border of the musculature was used to assess muscle position in the vertical …

Forced Separation And Consequent Stability Of The Midpalatal Suture Of The Macaca Mulatta Monkey, Frederick L. Hoffer Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study was designed to (1) demonstrate the dimensional changes resulting from opening the suture, (2) test the stability of the repaired suture two months following the removal of the retentive appliance, and (3) demonstrate new bone growth in the opened suture by the use of Tetracycline staining. The animal chosen was the Macaca mulatta monkey.

Intact skulls, sectioned skulls and dental casts were measured following the experiment. The skulls were mounted in clear plastic and sectioned antero-posteriorly for the purposes of study and measurements. The following changes were noted as a result of this experiment:

1. The floor of the …

The Advantages Of A Condyle-Gnathion Reference Line In Roentgenographic Cephalometry, Ernest N. Chan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Evaluation of the cephalograms of 150 patients showed a wide range in the angulation of the lower border of the mandible to the various facial planes. The degree of this angulation did not always correspond with the severity of malocclusion. Group I represents normal occlusions, Group II comprises malocclusions.

A new reference line is submitted for the investigation of its advantages in cephalometric roentgenography. The mandibular radius drawn through the geometric center of the condyle to the point gnathion is correlated with several indices of facial growth, namely (1) ANB difference, (2) upper facial:lower facial height and (3) PoNB distance …

The Development Of An Instrument For Three Dimensional Analysis Of Micron Quantities Of Tooth Movement, M. Clark Lamberton

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In order to quantitate initial tooth movement in response to forces applied to the tooth crown, an instrument for intraoral use has been developed. The photomicrometer consists of nine photosensitive cells mounted in an assembly of two layers. Eight of the cells were mounted to form X and Y axes, top layer and bottom layer, to measure horizontal movements. The ninth cell was mounted in the center of the bottom layer and was used for alignment and for measurements in the Z or vertical axis. The photocell assembly was approximately 10 mm diameter and 6 mm high. This assembly when …

Roentgenographic Evaluation Of Nasion-Menton And Sella-Gonion Measurements And Their Relationship To The Mandibular Plane Angle, David I. Asatani

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A convenience sample of 480 Caucasians using original diagnostic cephalometric films was selected to evaluate the nasion-menton and sella-gonion distances and their relationship to the mandibular plane angle.

The anterior facial height was represented by the nasion-menton plane. The posterior facial height was represented by sella-gonion plane. The facial depth was represented by sella-nasion and menton-gonion planes. The mandibular plane angle was represented by the intersection of the sella-nasion and menton-gonion planes.

The descriptive data, correlation analysis, and regression analysis was calculated for the following groups: total sample, females, males, prepubertal and postpubertal ages and various mandibular plane angles of …

Sex Determination By Cephalometry And Odontometry, Clair R. Hopkins Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Plaster casts of teeth and lateral cephalometric roentgenograms were studied to see with what degree of accuracy sex could be determined. The sample considered was made up of one hundred and forth-four individuals--50 males and 94 females--being treated in the Graduate Orthodontic Department of the Loma Linda University School of Dentistry. The age range for the boys was from 15 to 19 and for the girls, from 14 to 20. Data was obtained for the following variables from tracings of the roentgenograms and from the dental casts:

1. Glabello-occipital length
2. Articulate to nasion
3. The gonial angle of the mandible
4. Prosthion to …

A Cephalometric Study Of The Face And Dentition Of Several Contemporary Western United States And Alaskan Eskimo Groups, Robert C. Parkard

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A total of 223 cephalometric radiographs selected from six contemporary western United States and Alaskans native groups were analyzed by use of the Bjork cephalometric analysis. Those native groups selected were the Eskimos, Apaches, Navajos, Papagos, Pimas and Mayos. Approximately thirty to forty natives from each group were used in the study with ages ranging from thirteen to thirty-five years. The majority were in the fifteen to twenty year age range.

All data was submitted to various statistical analyses to establish a mean, standard deviation, and other relevant values for each of the native groups and to compare these values …

Dimensional Changes Induced By Forced Separation Of The Midpalatal Suture Of The Macaca Mulatta Monkey, Roland Dick Walters

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to give a graphic portrayal of the gross changes in occlussal [sic] relationship and the spacial relationship of the bony elements of the mid-face region as produced by palatal expansive forces. The animal of choice was the Macaca mulatta monkey.

The intact skulls were measured following the invivo experiment. The skulls were then mounted in clear plastic and sectioned anteroposterior in order to study and measure the sections which revealed the third dimension perspective.

It has been determined that a strong force can cause a disjunction of the midpalatal suture, that the opened suture …

Mandibular And Alveolar Growth In Dog Following Infusion Of 5-Fluorouricil, Richard D. Pfeiffer

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The action of a chemotherapeutic agent as a tool in studying its effect upon a primary growth center, the mandibular condyle, was investigated. So far as can be ascertained, no studies have been reported where these growth sites have been eliminated or modified by the use of chemotherapeutic growth inhibitors.

Observation of mandibular and alveolar growth following the infusion into the left external carotid artery of a cancer chemotherapeutic agent, 5-Fluorouricil (Roach-Hoffman), was noted. Comparisons were made between the infused and the uninfused sides of the mandible observing gross growth changes.

Four dogs, aged 75 days, were infused with varying …