Endodontics and Endodontology Commons^™

The Science Of Sound: Studying The Cognitive, Emotional, And Physiological Effects Of Frequency, Genre, And Music, Jett Yarborough

Senior Honors Theses

Music influences emotion, physiology, and cognition, yet little is known about how the frequency it is tuned to affects these influences. Prior research has shown that music tuned to 432 Hz can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and improve sleep. My colleagues and I conducted two studies to investigate this. Our research found that music tuned to 432 Hz promotes a significant increase in memory retention and induces a state of focus and relaxation. These results suggest that shifting from the standard tuning frequency of 440 Hz to 432 Hz could have a profoundly positive impact on our daily lives. …

The Effect Of Mtad On Eight Strains Of E. Faecalis In Contaminated Root Canals, Bradley M. Newberry

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the antimicrobial effect of Biopure MTAD (a mixture of a tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent) as a final irrigant on eight strains of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in contaminated root canals of extracted human teeth. In addition, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC) of MTAD were also measured on the same strains of bacteria. Two-hundred and forty extracted human teeth were instrumented using 1.3% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA to remove the smear layer. The teeth were randomly contaminated with one of eight strains of E. …

Effects Of Diabetes Mellitus On The Healing Of The Dental Pulp, Stuart Evan Garber

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has been implicated as a factor affecting healing. The purpose of this study was to use the healing of experimentally exposed pulps subsequent to pulp capping as a model to determine the effect of DM on healing.

Twenty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups of eleven animals each. In one group, DM was induced by injection of 70 mg/KG of streptozotocin. In the other group, the animals were injected with sterile saline. Under anesthesia with Ketamine and Xylazine, the pulps of the maxillary first molars of all rats were exposed using a 1/16 round bur under …

Histological Comparison Of White And Gray Mta In Repair Of Furcation Perforations, Miguel Elias Mego

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been shown to promote regeneration of the periodontal apparatus when used as a repair material in furcation perforations. Two variations of MTA (Gray and White) have been introduced to the dental market. The purpose of this study was to histologically compare the in vivo response to immediate furcation perforation repair using gray or white MTA in beagle dogs.

Under general anesthesia, non-surgical root canal therapy and furcal perforations were performed on sixteen mandibular premolars of eight 2-year old beagle dogs. The perforations were immediately repaired with either white (n=8) or gray (n=8) MTA. The animals …

Effects Of Various Hemostatic Agents On Bone, David Daryl Roland

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Previous studies have evaluated the effects of various hemostatic agents on radicular tissues following apical surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine the early osseous responses to seven hemostatic agents under identical conditions in rabbits. Sixteen adult male New Zealand white rabbits were used for this study. Following anesthesia, utilizing a midline submandibular incision, standardized bony defects were prepared on the lateral-superior regions of the mandible. Test materials were placed using standardized volumes and exposure times. Bone wax, Surgicel, Capset, alginate, Cut-Trol, Hemogin-L, and silver nitrate were compared to control sites irrigated with saline. Test materials or controls …

Identification Of Hard Tissue Using Dentin Sialoprotein (Dsp) As A Marker, Wallis E. Andeline

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to identify the early hard tissue formed in experimental pulp exposures capped with calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) or bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) using dentin sialoprotein (DSP) as a marker. The pulps of eighty-five maxillary first, second and third molar teeth from twenty male rats were experimentally exposed. The exposed pulps were capped with calcium hydroxide followed by restoration with amalgam (n = 20), with MTA alone as a pulp capping agent and final restoration (n = 20) or with BMP-7 followed by restoration with MTA (n = 20). Ten teeth with Class …

Hard Tissue Forming Potential Of Mta Compared To Common Root-End Filling Materials, Nooshin Noghreian

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

An ideal characteristic of root-end filling materials used in endodontics is the ability to enhance hard tissue formation. Studies have shown that MTA has the potential to enhance hard tissue formation when placed in contact with periradicular tissues. The mechanisms involved in hard tissue formation of MTA and other root-end filling materials have not been completely elucidated. The purpose of this investigation was to study the mechanism of hard tissue formation of commonly used root-end filling materials and MTA by evaluating alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and cell layer protein. Extracts of materials tested in this experiment were added to the …

Periradicular Response Of Immunodeficient Rats To Mechanical Pulpal Exposure, James E. Stich

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Periradicular lesions develop as a result of the interaction between root canal irritants and the immune system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the periradicular response of immunodeficient rats to their oral flora. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats received a total body irradiation dose of 750 cGy one week prior to the investigation. The pulps of the mandibular first molars of these animals and six nonirradiated rats were exposed mechanically with a ½ round bur and left open to the oral cavity. Additional irradiation (350 cGy) was administered bi-weekly to maintain immunosuppression. Periradicular specimens were obtained after two and four …

The Effect Of Root End Demineralization On Cementogenesis : A Long Term Investigation, Hamid R. Abedi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Craig and Harrison¹² examined the effect of demineralization of resected root ends on wound healing following periradicular surgery. Based on its microscopic evaluations from 4-45 days, it was proposed that demineralization of resected root ends enhances cementogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the longer term effects of demineralization on cementogenesis using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) or amalgam as root end filling materials. After completion of root canal therapy and endodontic surgery on seventy-two roots of mandibular second, third and fourth premolars of six beagle dogs, 32/72 of the root ends at random were etched with 50% …

An Animal Model For Development Of Pulpal Inflammation, John W. Masters

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Several animal models have been proposed to develop pulpal inflammation. Procedures recommended in these models have many variables and have not produced consistent results. The purpose of this study was to create pulpal inflammation using the Nd:YAG laser.

Forty-five cuspids of 12-18 month old beagle dogs were lased at 5, 7.5, and 10 watts (W) for 20 seconds with a 600 micron contact probe. Five cuspids were not lased but were used as controls. Following laser application, the teeth were extracted at intervals of 3, 7, and 30 days. They were then fixed in 10% formalin, decalcified, sectioned, and stained …

The Effect Of Guidor™ And Hop-1 On Hard Tissue Healing : Following Periradicular Surgery In Cats, Hugh Maguire

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the resorbable membrane Guidor™ and the osteogenic protein hOP-1 on hard tissue healing following periradicular surgery in cats.

Surgical endodontic therapy was performed on the maxillary canine teeth of twelve cats. After orthograde root canal therapy, flap reflection, osteotomy, resection of the root end, root end cavity preparation and the placement of a root end filling, eight of the surgical sites were treated with Guidor™ and eight with hOP-1. The remaining eight sites received no further treatment and served as controls.

The animals were sacrificed at twelve weeks following …

Healing Potential Of Osteotomies Of The Nasal Sinus In The Dog, Roderick W. Tataryn

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Maxillary sinus osteotomy is sometimes indicated for transantral surgical approaches to palatal roots of maxillary molars. A search of the literature showed an absence of any report on the healing potential of such defects. The purpose of this study was to determine histologically the reparative process of the nasal sinus of dogs following small and large surgical antral perforations. After anesthetizing six beagle dogs, full thickness periosteal flaps were raised overlying the maxillary buccal cortical plates. A 5x5 mm diameter perforation was created with a trephine bur above the second maxillary premolar on one side of each animal. On the …

Development Of Periapical Lesions In Immunosuppressed Rats, Phillip A. Waterman Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The pathogenesis of periapical lesions is the interaction of the oral flora with the existing host defenses. The role of bacteria has been established in endodontic disease but the contribution of the host defenses in periapical lesion formation is less clear. The purpose of this study was to compare periapical lesion development in immunosuppressed rats with that in normal rats. Thirty-five, eight-week old Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into seven groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were given weekly injections of Cytoxan, an immunosuppressive agent. Groups 4, 5, and 6 received no immunosuppressive therapy. Group 7 served as a control, …

The Role Of T Cells In The Pathogenesis Of Periapical Lesions, John B. Wallstrom

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The pulps of mandibular molars of 15 athymic and 15 conventional rats were surgically exposed and left open to their oral flora. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups of 5 animals each. The rats were sacrificed after their pulps were exposed for 2, 4, or 8 weeks. After fixing, decalcifying, and embedding, the specimens were sectioned and stained with H and E. They were then examined under a microscopic grid and quantified by percentages of surface areas of bone, connective tissue, bone marrow, intrabony spaces, periapical lesions, and numbers of osteoclasts. This was done using a DataVoice computerized data …

The Effect Of Periapical Inflammation On Cellular Cementum : A Scanning Electron Microscope Study, Gary S. Yonemoto

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the morphologic changes that occur in cellular cementum exposed to periapical inflammation.

Ten single rooted human teeth were collected. There were five specimens of normal cellular cementum and five specimens of diseased cellular cementum, which had been exposed to periapical inflammation. Each specimen was fractured longitudinally through the apical foramen, leaving the organic component intact. The cross-sectional morphology of cellular cementum was then examined using an ARM Model 1000 scanning electron microscope. Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry was also conducted on samples representative of the two test groups.

A methodology was …

The Effect Of Escherichia Coli Endotoxin On The Cat Periapical Tissues, Thomas G. Dwyer

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The periapical tissue reaction to three concentrations of endotoxin solutions and to a sterile saline control solution was examined in six adult cats. The maxillary and mandibular cuspids were isolated and the pulps extirpated with barbed broaches. The four solutions (1, 10, 100 μg/ml endotoxin, and saline) were then injected into the four prepared teeth for each cat and the access cavities sealed with IRM.

At two week intervals, two cats were sacrificed and the specimens removed, while the remaining animals were retreated as previously described. The block tissue sections were radiographed, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and prepared for …

Comparison Of Root Surfaces In Endodontic Lesions, Periodontic Lesions And Normal Human Teeth, Robert W. Hanson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The healing potential of an endodontic lesion is usually greater than a periodontic lesion (Simon et al. 1972; Hiatt 1977). Periodontal regeneration places particular emphasis on the soft tissue-tooth interface (Stahl 1977). This interface was examined in fifteen extracted human teeth.

The teeth were divided into three groups: (1) periapical lesions, (2) periodontal lesions, and (3) healthy periodontal tissue. Criteria were established for each group. Freshly extracted human teeth meeting the criteria were fixed in gluteraldehyde or paraformaldehyde. The teeth were then selected for surface observation or cracked for cross sectional examination. The teeth were post fixed, dehydrated, and coated …

Ultrasonic Versus Hand Filing Of The Human Root Canal System, Howard W. Scholz Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A comparison was made of ultrasonic filing versus hand filing using three solutions to flood the canals of 24 extracted human maxillary central incisors. A modified PR-30 Cavitron insert was used in a Cavitron 1010 unit for the ultrasonic filing. The clinical crown was removed with a diamond saw and water spray at the cemento-enamel junction. The two major groups were ultrasonic filing versus hand filing; the three subgroups were solution/solvents - 10% EDTA, 2.0% NaOCl, and distilled water.

After filing, the roots were grooved longitudinally with a high speed bur and cracked opened with a mallet and chisel. The …

Apical Closure Induction Using Bone Growth Factors And Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Kenneth W. Tittle

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study compared the ability of three different bone growth factor combinations with that of Ca(OH)₂ to stimulate apical closure as well as the effectiveness of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as an apical barrier. Fifty-six roots of second and fourth mandibular premolars of seven six- month old beagle dogs were used. Periradicular lesions were created over a four week period. The canals were cleaned and shaped and filled with Ca(OH)₂ for one week. They were then irrigated and received one of seven different treatments in a balanced design. Growth factors were placed in a carboxymethylcellulose carrier and delivered …

Histologic Comparison Of Apical Tissue Response To Endodontic Overfills With Gutta Percha And Grossman's Sealer Vs. Sargenti Method (N₂), Donald L. Brewer

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study compared endodontic overfills of N₂ and gutta percha-Grossman's Sealer from a histopathological basis. The study employed four male rhesus monkeys and a sample of 31 teeth.

The most obvious difference between the samples filled with N₂ and the gutta percha-Grossman's Sealer samples was the recurring presence of ankylosis in the N₂-treated teeth. Results also included bone necrosis, inflammation and root and bone resorption.

The N₂ samples were considered to have evidenced greater violence of reaction apically.

Viability Of Dentin In Rats Incisors : Fluid Movement In Pulpless, Endodontically Treated, And Normal Teeth In Rats, Maria Luisa Canales

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

It is a well established fact that there is a fluid transport system through the dentin, however to the present time very little has been done regarding this system in teeth that have been endodontically treated.

The present work was conducted in vivo using the lower incisors of rats as the medium for the study.

A selected number of Sprague Dawley rats (36 animals), whose average age was 60 days, and whose body weight averaged about 180 grams, were given an anesthetic of Sodium Pentabarbitol, .05 to .07 ml. per 100 grams body weight. This anesthetic was injected intraperitoneally.

The …

Endodontic Sealing Properties Of Cavit, Chloro-Rosin Gutta Percha, N2, And Silver Cones Using Radioisotopes, Frank H. Beal

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The main purpose of this investigation was to test the endodontic sealing abilities of silver cones, N2, warm gutta percha, chemically softened gutta percha, laterally condensed gutta percha and Cavit under carefully controlled conditions. Evaluations were done by radiographic, macroscopic, microscopic, and autoradiographic examinations.

The four points which must be considered when evaluating the efficacy of sealing root canal systems, in vivo, were presented and discussed.

Cavit as a total endodontic filling material was presented, investigated and discussed.

An improvement of the chloro-rosin - gutta percha diffusion technique was presented.

The concept of surface as well as marginal leakage was …

Histopathological Variations Of Periapical Granulomas And Radicular Cysts, Thanapen Kanchanasut

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The periapical dental granuloma and cyst is the most frequent sequela of pulpitis. These lesions are always intraosseous and often become quiescent after the acute phases are over, forming a space which primarily consists of chronic inflammatory tissue. This chronic inflammatory tissue usually appears as a one-centimeter area of punched out bone on the x-ray film and is referred to as a dental granuloma. Should epithelium choose to proliferate in this inflammatory area, it may undergo subsequent cystic degeneration forming the typical periapical cyst. While much has been written with regard to the etiology and treatment of the apical cyst …