Dentistry Commons^™

A Comparative Roentgenographic Cephalometric Study Of The Facial Profile Of Orthodontic Patients Treated At Loma Linda University With Winners Of The "Smiles Of The Year" Contest, Romeo I. Stoll

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The "Smiles of the Year" winners and patients treated at Loma Linda University by the extraction or non-extraction approach were compared by linear and angular variables of skeletal, dental and soft tissue components. These findings were analyzed statistically to determine significant differences in the profile and detect the relationship between the integument and hard structures.

The following conclusions were drawn from this investigation to reflect the trend of treatment at Loma Linda University.

1. After treatment the patients had less skeletal convexity, but were more convexity than established standards.
2. The incisors of the patients treated by the extraction approach were less …

The Effectiveness Of Camphorated Paramonochlorophenol, Metacresyl Acetate, And Prednisolone In Combination As An Antimicrobial Agent, Maurice Cutler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Post-treatment discomfort following endodontic procedures can be caused by inflammation due to injudicious use of intracanal medicaments. Camphorated paramonochlorophenol, metacresyl acetate, and prednisolone in combination is advocated to reduce the inflammatory potential of the germicide and thus reduce the occurrence of post-operative pain. It is imperative that a medicament retain antimicrobial activity while reducing inflammatory potential.

This investigation was undertaken toward determining on an in vitro quantitative bactericidal versus bacteriostatic basis by use of the broth dilution test tube method whether camphorated paramonochlorophenol, metacresyl acetate, and prednisolone in combination retains antimicrobial activity comparable to selected other commonly used nonspecific germicides. …

Location And Relationships Of The Axes Governing Mandibular Condylar Movements : An Anatomical Research, Jean-Michel Cottè

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A practical method of research on cadaver specimen heads was designed from a systematic review of the existing literature in order to differentiate from conjecture the experimental proof of the axes of rotation of the condyles during mandibular border movements.

An anatomo-physiological study on eight human cadaver heads, using the gnathologic technique of Dr. R. Lee for recording mandibular movements, was done to study the intimate mechanism of the temporomandibular joints, with the hope of contributing support to this new method of recording.

It was established that rotational mandibular border movements are induced by hard structure topography of the temporomandibular …

Mandibular Nerve Regeneration Through Solid And Canalized Bone And Plaster Grafts, Lawrence D. Day

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Utilizing an extra-oral approach and sterile technique, left mandibular ostectomy was performed on five miniature pigs. The segment removed was 3 cm long and included the inferior border, mandibular canal and, in some cases, apices of a molar tooth.

Bone and plaster grafts (one solid and one canalized of each) were used to fill these defects. The fifth was left with no graft.

The objective was to learn the effect of each of these procedures on regeneration of the mandibular nerve across the defect. It was hypothesized that canals through the grafts would facilitate regeneration.

X-rays were taken periodically. The …

The Effect Of A Patient-Counseling Film And Hygienist On The Oral Hygiene Of Junior High School Students, Leonard L. Espinda

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effect of a single viewing of a patient-counseling film and a single instruction by a hygienist in producing changes in the oral hygiene of a group of school children 12 to 13 years of age was investigated. The subjects were divided into three experimental groups and one control group of twenty-one each.

A different method of oral hygiene instructions was given to each of the experimental groups. One group viewed the film, the second group was instructed by a hygienist, and the third group viewed the film and was instructed by the hygienist. The control group was not given …

Histopathological Response Of The Human Tooth To An Intrapulpal Pin Implantation, Raymond W. Dolph

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This investigation was designed to serve as a research project directed toward the study of histopathological response of human teeth to the intentional implantation of threaded, stainless steel, gold plated pins into the vital pulp.

Pins of several types are currently used in several aspects of restorative and periodontal dentistry. In some cases there may be unintentional perforation of the dental pulp. In other cases it may be advantageous to purposely perforate the pulp for added retention. The purpose of this research is to help determine the reaction, possibilities, and prognosis of such technique.

Human teeth selected for experimental and …

The Reaction Of Dog Tongue To Syrijet Injections, Donald L. Peters

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Tissue response toward injection by a "fluid-pressure" type apparatus, the Mizzy Syrijet, was evaluated by using dogs as the experimental animal.

The tongue was the organ of choice because it's size is sufficient to allow for several injections without overlapping tissue responses. In addition the two halves of the tongue are anatomically separated by a median raphe, providing for further isolation of injections.

The animals were injected at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hour intervals utilizing the Syrijet on the right side of the tongue and needle on the left. Needle injection served as control for the microscopic comparison. …

Analgesic Effectiveness As Measured By A New Algesiometer, J. Raymond Wahlen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A method of measuring the effectiveness of analgesics using a new instrument, known as the Algesiometer,* is described. The instrument, utilizing an electrical stimulus, produced an experimental pain when attached to the skin over the mid shaft of the tibia. The patient, who was experiencing a pathological pain, gradually increased the experimental stimulus, by turning a control rheostat, until it was equal in intensity to the pathological, or clinical, pain. The intensity of the stimulus was calculated in milliwatts and consisted of a rectangular wave pulsating direct current of approximately one millisecond duration and an interval of nineteen milliseconds.

Following …

Some Aspects Of Cranial Bone Growth In The Puberal Macaca Mulatta Monkey: As Evidenced By Metallic Implants And Cephalometric Roentgenography And The Application Of A Geological Lapidary Technique For The Semi-Serial Thin Sectioning Of Undecalcified Bone, Lee Eugene Olsen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to investigate cranial and facial bone growth in the puberal Macaca mulatta monkey over a six month period utilizing the methods of metallic implantation combined with serial cephalometric roentgenography and a bichromatic vital staining method.

The employment of the vital stains, alizarin Red S and anthracene blue, over the six month period of the study, failed to stain the actively growing bone as evidenced by gross and microscopic analysis of the undecalcified bone preparations.

Interimplant measurements were made across certain bone sutures and the following results were obtained: The zygomaticotemporal sutures showed marked growth …

Correlation Of The Actual Position Of The Root Canal Filling In Human Teeth To Its Apparent Location On The Radiograph, Dominic J. Niccoli

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Human teeth mounted in individual plaster blocks were studied to determine the actual location of the root canal filling when it appears to be exactly at the radiographic apex. The original sample consisted of 109 teeth treated during endodontic technique class by junior dental students at Loma Linda University. In the most ideal manner possible, these teeth were radiographed on a flat surface with the x-ray tube perpendicular to the film and blocked tooth.

Five dentists examined the radiographs, and each one independently listed the canals he judged filled exactly to the radiographic apex. The investigator sorted out the choices …

The Effect Of Removing The Crevicular Epithelium Upon Canine Tooth Replantation, Leon A. Leonard

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The nature of epithelium and the remarkable facility with which it aggressively covers granulation tissue, suggests that removal of the sulcular epithelium surrounding the extraction wound of a tooth to be replanted could promote reattachment of the periodontal tissues at a more nearly ideal coronal level. To investigate this hypothesis twenty mature teeth in five mongrel dogs were experimentally replanted. One half of them were replanted in alveoli around which the crevicular epithelium had been removed, the remaining teeth without creviculoectomy acting as controls. Animals were euthanized at one, two, three, five, and sixteen weeks. After clinical evaluation of the …

A Comparison Between Differences Of Body-Image And Self-Concept For Pre- And Post-Treatment Orthodontic Patients, Roy D. Atkin

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The primary objective of this study was to quantitatively address the three following questions:

1. Does orthodontic treatment when administered to the adolescent patient produce changes in his or her body-image and self-concept?

2. In which areas of the body does the patient experience changes in body image after orthodontic treatment?

3. What significance or value does the patient place on orthodontic treatment relative to changes in the subject's life?

In seeking answers to the above questions, a questionnaire was given to a group of 138 male and female orthodontic patients.

Results of the study indicate that (1) total body-image and self-concept are …

A Cephalometric, Anatomic And Histologic Investigation Of The Effects Resulting From A Heavy Interrupted Orthopedic Force To The Maxilla Of The Macaca Mulatta Monkey, Roger Wayne Triftshauser

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine changes that occur in the craniofacial complex, when a heavy interrupted orthopedic force is employed to retract the maxilla in the post puberal rhesus monkey. Cephalometric, histologic and anatomic examinations were utilized to substantiate the findings.

Four female rhesus monkeys were used for experimentation. Two were experimental animals and the other two controls. Cervical retraction with headgear was applied over a period of 313 days and 159 days to the two experimental animals. Forces not exceeding 2.5 lbs. were found most effective.

The findings were as follows:-

1. A total posterior displacement of …

An In Vivo Perfusion Apparatus For Studies On Gingival Disease : Assessment By A Perfusion Of Nonspecific Proteolytic Enzymes, Don Dornan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This thesis describes an in vivo perfusion apparatus which can continuously deliver controlled quantities of solutions to localized, contralateral intra oral areas in albino rats. Three animals were per fused on the experimental area (the mesial sulcular area of the maxillary first molar) on one side with tap water and trypan blue. Localization of the solution delivered and minimal histological changes due to the presence of the apparatus was demonstrated on these animals. A 1% solution of trypsin was perfused on the experimental area of one animal for one day at the rate of 4.8 ml/day and on another animal …

Craniofacial Changes Resulting From Expansion Of The Midpalatal Suture In The Macaca Mulatta Monkey As Revealed By Roentgenographic Analysis, Raymond M. Sugiyama

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of midpalatal suture separation on the craniofacial complex by quantitative roentgenographic analysis.

Ten female Macaca mulatta monkeys were randomly grouped for experimentation. Six animals were paired in groups for two months of treatment, four months of treatment followed by two months of post retention, and six months of treatment. The four remaining monkeys were paired and served as control animals for two and six month periods. Total activation of the expansion appliances in the treated animals was completed over a three week period.

The findings of this study were based …

Masseter Muscle Position Relative To Skeletal Open Bite And Skeletal Closed Bite, Alonzo David Proctor

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Modification of cephalometric roentgenographic procedures provided a means to identify the anterior borders of the right and left masseter muscles and relate them to surrounding dentoskeletal elements. Attachment of short, stiff, wires to the cheeks in a position superficial to the anterior borders of the muscles, subsequent to palpation and prior to exposure of the roentgenographic film, was the procedure used. The bi-lateral images projected on the film were averaged and traced along with dentoskeletal elements including those associated with skeletal type. This line representing the anterior border of the musculature was used to assess muscle position in the vertical …

Forced Separation And Consequent Stability Of The Midpalatal Suture Of The Macaca Mulatta Monkey, Frederick L. Hoffer Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study was designed to (1) demonstrate the dimensional changes resulting from opening the suture, (2) test the stability of the repaired suture two months following the removal of the retentive appliance, and (3) demonstrate new bone growth in the opened suture by the use of Tetracycline staining. The animal chosen was the Macaca mulatta monkey.

Intact skulls, sectioned skulls and dental casts were measured following the experiment. The skulls were mounted in clear plastic and sectioned antero-posteriorly for the purposes of study and measurements. The following changes were noted as a result of this experiment:

1. The floor of the …

The Advantages Of A Condyle-Gnathion Reference Line In Roentgenographic Cephalometry, Ernest N. Chan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Evaluation of the cephalograms of 150 patients showed a wide range in the angulation of the lower border of the mandible to the various facial planes. The degree of this angulation did not always correspond with the severity of malocclusion. Group I represents normal occlusions, Group II comprises malocclusions.

A new reference line is submitted for the investigation of its advantages in cephalometric roentgenography. The mandibular radius drawn through the geometric center of the condyle to the point gnathion is correlated with several indices of facial growth, namely (1) ANB difference, (2) upper facial:lower facial height and (3) PoNB distance …

The Development Of An Instrument For Three Dimensional Analysis Of Micron Quantities Of Tooth Movement, M. Clark Lamberton

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In order to quantitate initial tooth movement in response to forces applied to the tooth crown, an instrument for intraoral use has been developed. The photomicrometer consists of nine photosensitive cells mounted in an assembly of two layers. Eight of the cells were mounted to form X and Y axes, top layer and bottom layer, to measure horizontal movements. The ninth cell was mounted in the center of the bottom layer and was used for alignment and for measurements in the Z or vertical axis. The photocell assembly was approximately 10 mm diameter and 6 mm high. This assembly when …

Roentgenographic Evaluation Of Nasion-Menton And Sella-Gonion Measurements And Their Relationship To The Mandibular Plane Angle, David I. Asatani

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A convenience sample of 480 Caucasians using original diagnostic cephalometric films was selected to evaluate the nasion-menton and sella-gonion distances and their relationship to the mandibular plane angle.

The anterior facial height was represented by the nasion-menton plane. The posterior facial height was represented by sella-gonion plane. The facial depth was represented by sella-nasion and menton-gonion planes. The mandibular plane angle was represented by the intersection of the sella-nasion and menton-gonion planes.

The descriptive data, correlation analysis, and regression analysis was calculated for the following groups: total sample, females, males, prepubertal and postpubertal ages and various mandibular plane angles of …

A Study Of Alveolar Bone Loss And Two-Hour Postprandial Blood Sugar Levels, R. Leslie Arnett

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Two-hour postprandial blood sugar determinations were carried out on 500 patients referred for periodontal care. The mean percentage of alveolar bone loss around the mandibular bicuspid teeth was established for each individual. The subjects were then grouped according to blood sugar levels and the mean alveolar bone loss was calculated. The group was separated into male and female sub-groups and data was computed for these segments as well as the total sample. The data was evaluated in a similar manner for those subjects between 40 and 49 years of age.

No Chi-square determinations were statistically significant but significance in differences …

Oral Bandage Tissue Reaction In Dogs, John Rozema

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This experiment was designed to evaluate an oral surgical dressing which may be used as an aid to healing tissue. The parameters of evaluation were directed toward wound healing enhancement, duration, and stability of the bandage. A histological evaluation of the surgical wounds protected with the bandage as compared to the control wounds was made.

The surgeries were performed on eight dogs in a double controlled experiment and were in the form of bilateral maxillary gingivectomies and mandibular molar tooth extractions. The surgery sites on the left were covered with the Orahesive Bandage while the right side remained exposed to …

A Methodology For The Determination Of The Relationship Between Quantitative Occlusal Forces And The Masticatory Muscles, William Melvin Taskey

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

[Abstract Not Included]

Sex Determination By Cephalometry And Odontometry, Clair R. Hopkins Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Plaster casts of teeth and lateral cephalometric roentgenograms were studied to see with what degree of accuracy sex could be determined. The sample considered was made up of one hundred and forth-four individuals--50 males and 94 females--being treated in the Graduate Orthodontic Department of the Loma Linda University School of Dentistry. The age range for the boys was from 15 to 19 and for the girls, from 14 to 20. Data was obtained for the following variables from tracings of the roentgenograms and from the dental casts:

1. Glabello-occipital length
2. Articulate to nasion
3. The gonial angle of the mandible
4. Prosthion to …

A Cephalometric Study Of The Face And Dentition Of Several Contemporary Western United States And Alaskan Eskimo Groups, Robert C. Parkard

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A total of 223 cephalometric radiographs selected from six contemporary western United States and Alaskans native groups were analyzed by use of the Bjork cephalometric analysis. Those native groups selected were the Eskimos, Apaches, Navajos, Papagos, Pimas and Mayos. Approximately thirty to forty natives from each group were used in the study with ages ranging from thirteen to thirty-five years. The majority were in the fifteen to twenty year age range.

All data was submitted to various statistical analyses to establish a mean, standard deviation, and other relevant values for each of the native groups and to compare these values …

Dimensional Changes Induced By Forced Separation Of The Midpalatal Suture Of The Macaca Mulatta Monkey, Roland Dick Walters

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to give a graphic portrayal of the gross changes in occlussal [sic] relationship and the spacial relationship of the bony elements of the mid-face region as produced by palatal expansive forces. The animal of choice was the Macaca mulatta monkey.

The intact skulls were measured following the invivo experiment. The skulls were then mounted in clear plastic and sectioned anteroposterior in order to study and measure the sections which revealed the third dimension perspective.

It has been determined that a strong force can cause a disjunction of the midpalatal suture, that the opened suture …

The Effect Of Glucose On Neutrophilic Phagocytosis, Donald F. Adams

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Samples of blood were obtained from thirty healthy young adult males (Loma Linda University School of Dentistry), and contaminated with bacteria. Varying concentrations of pure glucose were added to this mixture to observe the effect of the glucose on in vitro neutrophilic phagocytosis. As the glucose levels increased a statistically significant suppression was noted in the ability of the neutrophilic leukocytes to engulf Staphylococcus epidermidis.

It was not possible, however, to predict the degree of suppression for any particular level of glucose added nor is it possible to state that suppression will occur in any one individual.

Two methods of …

Mandibular And Alveolar Growth In Dog Following Infusion Of 5-Fluorouricil, Richard D. Pfeiffer

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The action of a chemotherapeutic agent as a tool in studying its effect upon a primary growth center, the mandibular condyle, was investigated. So far as can be ascertained, no studies have been reported where these growth sites have been eliminated or modified by the use of chemotherapeutic growth inhibitors.

Observation of mandibular and alveolar growth following the infusion into the left external carotid artery of a cancer chemotherapeutic agent, 5-Fluorouricil (Roach-Hoffman), was noted. Comparisons were made between the infused and the uninfused sides of the mandible observing gross growth changes.

Four dogs, aged 75 days, were infused with varying …

An Odontometric Study Of Five Contemporary Western United States Indian And Alaskan Eskimo Groups, John A. Matis

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The morphologic characteristics of the oral cavity in five contemporary Western Indian and Alaskan Eskimo groups have been investigated by the use of study models of the dental archs. The sample consisted of 216 individuals, including 44 Navajos, 43 Apaches, 40 Papagos, 42 Pimas and 47 Alaskan Eskimos.

The first purpose of the study was to determine the extent of investigator error. This was accomplished by remeasuring many morphologic traits of the dentition in 125 Indians which had previously been measured by different investigators using the same study models. It was found that investigator error can be significant, even in …

Using A Computer Model To Study The Force Distribution On The Root Of The Maxillary Central Incisor, E. Jan Davidian

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A computer model of a human maxillary central incisor was devised to predict the momentary center of rotation of a tooth when a force was applied to the crown. The root of a tooth was divided up into a series of small segments to simulate the resisting forces set up along the root by the periodontal fibers. Each segment was assumed to resist a force in proportion to its area.

To study a tooth in a state of static equilibrium, two conditions must be met. The vector sum of all the forces acting on the tooth must equal zero, and …