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- Master of Science (MS) School of Dentistry (89)
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- Dental implants (3)
- Gingival recession (3)
Articles 151 - 180 of 214
Full-Text Articles in Dentistry
Cutting Effectiveness Of Diamond Burs On Dental Zirconia., Ching-Kai Lin
Cutting Effectiveness Of Diamond Burs On Dental Zirconia., Ching-Kai Lin
All ETDs from UAB
Monolithic zirconia restorations are popular but removing these crowns is difficult. The purpose of the study is to measure and compare the cutting effectiveness of 10 types of diamond burs through monolithic sintered zirconia. Ten types of diamond burs (n=8) were compared for the cutting effectiveness in Zirconia (CERCON; DeguDent) using a high speed computer controlled cutting device with water spray (5.45L/min). The turbine used to cut the blocks rotated at 150,000 rpm and with the burs at a depth of 2mm into the zirconia during cutting. A 100 gm load was applied during cutting for each bur which made …
Long-Term Stability Of Maxillary Advancement In Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip And Palate Patients Using The Red Ii System, Jared Adrian Carter
Long-Term Stability Of Maxillary Advancement In Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip And Palate Patients Using The Red Ii System, Jared Adrian Carter
All ETDs from UAB
Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate skeletal stability at a minimum of one year following maxillary advancement distraction osteogenesis with the KLS Martin RED II System in non-syndromic CLP patients treated at UAB SOD. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated 20 non-syndromic CLP patients (12 males, 8 females, average age 10.97) treated at the UAB SOD by the same surgeon for maxillary hypoplasia with rigid external distraction using the RED II System (KLS Mar-tin Group, Tuttlingen, Germany). Pre-surgical (T1), post-consolidation (T2), and LTFU (T3) radiographs were digitized and analyzed with via a custom analysis to evaluate treatment …
Effect Of Abutment Position On Retention After Cyclic Loading Of Cantilevered Y-Tzp Fpds, Aikaterini Kostagianni
Effect Of Abutment Position On Retention After Cyclic Loading Of Cantilevered Y-Tzp Fpds, Aikaterini Kostagianni
All ETDs from UAB
Purpose: The influence of the vertical abutment positions on the retention of a three-unit implant supported cantilevered FPD restoration was measured and compared. Methods: The study included four groups (n=10) of cantilevered FPDs restorations, fabricated of monolithic zirconia. Prefabricated titanium implant abutments were used and connected to their analogs. The analogs were fixated on a split mold and their vertical position was adjusted on a 2 mm bases depending on the group, resulting also to an alteration of the occlusal thickness of the restorative material. The prosthesis were cemented to the abutments with Rely X Luting Plus resin modified glass …
3-Dimensional Comparison Of Hard And Soft Tissue Asymmetry In, Philip H. Pan
3-Dimensional Comparison Of Hard And Soft Tissue Asymmetry In, Philip H. Pan
All ETDs from UAB
Class III malocclusions are particularly prevalent in the Asian population. Threedimensional imaging has improved the ability to portray the three-dimensional characteristics of soft tissue face and underlying skeletal hard tissue. While soft tissue reflects the underlying hard tissue structures, soft tissue may either provide a compensation for hard tissue asymmetry or potentially exacerbate the asymmetry. The current study is novel in that the hard tissue and soft tissue asymmetries are both analyzed relative to the same reference point, and using 3D imaging, we have attempted to elucidate a compensation tendency between the hard and soft tissues. The sample was comprised …
Investigation Of Lateral Incisor Crown Root Angulation And Impacted Maxillary Canines, Samuel Philip Purnell
Investigation Of Lateral Incisor Crown Root Angulation And Impacted Maxillary Canines, Samuel Philip Purnell
All ETDs from UAB
Objective: The primary aim of this study was to determine if there is a difference in the mesiodistal crown-root angulation of maxillary lateral incisors between patients with impacted maxillary canines and a control population. Secondary aim 1 compared the same angle measured on panoramic radiographs to determine if a difference existed between the CBCT measurement and the panoramic radiograph measurement. Secondary aim 2 looked to determine if there was a correlation between maxillary lateral incisor tooth width and the mesiodistal crown-root angulation. Materials and Methods: CBCT's were reformatted so that the mesiodistal crown-root angulation of maxillary lateral incisors could be …
Three-Dimensional Photography Of Facial Morphology Of African-American Children Compared To Welsh Children, Don Franklin Norris
Three-Dimensional Photography Of Facial Morphology Of African-American Children Compared To Welsh Children, Don Franklin Norris
All ETDs from UAB
The purpose of this study is to compare the facial morphology of African-American children to Welsh children using three-dimensional imaging. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional images were captured using a stereo-photogrammatic camera system (3dMDfaceTM). 107 African-American children were imaged with the 3dMDfaceTM system and were compared with 64 Welsh children which were previously imaged using two Minolta Vivid VI900 3D laser scanners arranged in a stereo pair. The subjects were between 10 and 13 years old, presented with a normal BMI, and had no major craniofacial deformity. The images were aligned, combined and averaged using Rapidform 2006 Plus Pack 2 software …
Influence Of Implant Angulation On The Fracture Resistance Of Zirconia Abutments, Shreedevi Thulasidas
Influence Of Implant Angulation On The Fracture Resistance Of Zirconia Abutments, Shreedevi Thulasidas
All ETDs from UAB
Zirconia-based implant abutments are widely used in prosthetic dentistry. Custom made abutments are utilized to correct for non-ideal implant positions and can successfully accommodate the morphologic requirements of the overlying crown. It was hypothesized that there will be difference in fracture strength and fracture mode of artificially aged zirconia implant abutments supported by implants at varying angulation, when load is applied to failure on overlying zirconia crowns. The implant-abutment-crown assemblies were subjected to steam autoclaving to induce some degree of phase transformation from tetragonal to weaker monoclinic form and to thermo-cycling to artificially age the samples. The effects of loading …
Microrna Regulation Of Dlx3 During Odontoblast Differentiation, Hannah Maria Heair
Microrna Regulation Of Dlx3 During Odontoblast Differentiation, Hannah Maria Heair
All ETDs from UAB
MicroRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNA (~22nt) that bind to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target messenger RNA (mRNA) and facilitate translational repression and degradation. Previous studies have demonstrated the essential role of miRNA in many biological processes, including skeletal development and tooth formation. Dlx3, a homeobox gene, is critical for craniofacial patterning and postnatal skeletal development. Mutations in the Dlx3 gene in humans result in two autosomal dominant phenotypes known as tricho-dento-osseous syndrome (TDO) and amelogenesis imperfecta with taurodontism (AIHHT). Dlx3 expression has been observed in cranial neural crest cells, endochondral osteoblasts, odontoblasts, ameloblasts, hypertrophic chondrocytes, and the developing …
Polymerization Shrinkage Strain Versus C-Factor And Placement Method For Dental Composites, Shashank Godbole
Polymerization Shrinkage Strain Versus C-Factor And Placement Method For Dental Composites, Shashank Godbole
All ETDs from UAB
Polymerization shrinkage is an important property when restoring teeth with dental composites since resins shrink during polymerization creating stress and strain around the restoration. This may produce failure at the composite-tooth interface. This leads to marginal gaps, staining, post-operative sensitivity, secondary caries, and crack development within the body of a tooth. It is critical to be able to measure polymerization strain produced during composite polymerization. Objective: To measure and compare the polymerization shrinkage strain of various bulk and incrementally placed composites using a novel and recently developed model with different C-factors. Methods: Teflon molds were used to prepare Z100 composite …
A Prospective Study Of Bone Augmentation With Growth Factors In Extraction Sockets, Athanasios Ntounis
A Prospective Study Of Bone Augmentation With Growth Factors In Extraction Sockets, Athanasios Ntounis
All ETDs from UAB
Ridge preservation protocols reduce crestal remodeling after tooth extraction. Limited evidence supports the potential of different grafting materials to preserve the alveolar ridge. There is limited evidence to indicate advantage of bone replacement grafting in combination with platelet rich plasma (PRP), compared to grafting alone. A combination of recombinant human platelet derived growth factor (rhPDGF-BB) with beta tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) has recently been approved to aid wound healing. Aim: To evaluate early healing of grafted and non-grafted extraction sockets in the es-thetic zone, with or without PRP and rhPDGF-BB. Materials and Methods: Population consisted of 41 healthy adult patients whose …
The Comparison Of Dental Arch Forms Obtained From Teeth, Alveolar Bone, And The Overlying Soft Tissue, Patrick O'Neil
The Comparison Of Dental Arch Forms Obtained From Teeth, Alveolar Bone, And The Overlying Soft Tissue, Patrick O'Neil
All ETDs from UAB
THE COMPARISON OF DENTAL ARCH FORMS OBTAINED FROM TEETH, ALVEOLAR BONE, AND THE OVERLYING SOFT TISSUE Patrick D. O'Neil, DMD UAB DEPARTMENT OF ORTHODONTICS: DENTISTRY ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if a difference existed between arch forms created from tooth surfaces, alveolar bone, and overlying soft tissue. Materials and Methods: The sampling population for this study was 18 individuals with a Class I malocclusion, mild crowding, and a CBCT image of good diagnostic quality. The Facial-axis point was chosen to create the arch form from teeth, the Bowman-Kau point was used to establish the arch …
Three-Dimensional Photography Of Facial Morphology Of Adult African-Americans Compared To Various Population Sets, Leslie Talbert
Three-Dimensional Photography Of Facial Morphology Of Adult African-Americans Compared To Various Population Sets, Leslie Talbert
All ETDs from UAB
The purpose of this study is to compare the facial morphologies of an adult African-American population to an adult Caucasian-American population using three-dimensional surface imaging. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional facial images were captured via a stereo-photogrammetric camera system (3dMDfaceTM system). One hundred images of each population (African-American and Caucasian-American) were taken. Subjects were between 19-30 years of age, normal BMI, and no gross craniofacial anomalies. All facial images were aligned and combined using Rapidform 2006 Plus Pack 2 software to produce a male and female facial average for each population. The facial averages were then superimposed for comparison and the …
Bonds And Contact Angles Produced With Surface Alterations To Lithium Disilicate, Vamsi Krishna Kalavacharla
Bonds And Contact Angles Produced With Surface Alterations To Lithium Disilicate, Vamsi Krishna Kalavacharla
All ETDs from UAB
The success of ceramic restorations depends upon factors like the composite resin cement, the adhesive, cementation procedure and the substrate. With the introduction of newer ceramic and adhesive systems the factors that contribute to the most durable bond strength remains unclear. The objective of the study was to measure 24 hour and thermocycled shear bond strength of a composite to lithium disilicate glass ceramic with a universal single bottle adhesive. A combination of surface treatments of hydrofluoric acid, silane, salivary contamination and subsequent cleaning were also evaluated. Blocks of lithium disilicate (e.max CAD) were sectioned, polished with a rotational polishing …
The Effect Of An Intensive Oral Hygiene Regimen On Gingival Inflammation During Pregnancy: Clinical And Laboratory Analysis, Maninder Kaur
The Effect Of An Intensive Oral Hygiene Regimen On Gingival Inflammation During Pregnancy: Clinical And Laboratory Analysis, Maninder Kaur
All ETDs from UAB
Background: Recent evidence suggests that systemic inflammation as host immune response to oral microbial challenge may well underlie the observed association between periodontal disease and preterm birth/low birth weight (PTB/LBW). The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of vigorous oral hygiene regimen on gingival inflammation and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)/serum biomarkers (TNF-&alpha, IL-1&beta and IL-6) during pregnancy and its impact on pregnancy outcome. Methods: 120 participants with pregnancy between 16-24 weeks gestation and with gingival index (GI) scores &ge 2 at &ge 50 % of tooth sites were recruited from the available pool of patients at …
Regional In Vitro Retention Of Fiber Posts, Shayma Kyson
Regional In Vitro Retention Of Fiber Posts, Shayma Kyson
All ETDs from UAB
The overall objective of this in vitro study was to determine the biomechanical retention along fiber post interfaces to root canal dentin of four different fiber posts systems combined with five different resin cements (total-etch, self-etch and self adhesive systems) tested within different regions of dentin (cervical, middle and apical levels) and the core material alone. Scanning electron microscopy (SEMs) was used to evaluate the failure characteristics of the systems for root canal dentin and core material interfaces. Roots of freshly extracted first mandibular premolars, without caries, cracks or defects were selected. Radiographs made from mesiodistal and buccolingual directions were …
In Vitro Wear Of Nine Cements Against Enamel, Mohamad Kyson
In Vitro Wear Of Nine Cements Against Enamel, Mohamad Kyson
All ETDs from UAB
The objective of this study was to measure and compare in vitro wear resistance of nine cements against human enamel cusps in glycerol media using UAB second generation wear machine (hit and slide). Six cements were dual cured polymer-based cements; total-etch: Variolink II (Ivoclar Vivadent), self-etch: Multilink Automix (Ivoclar Vivadent) and self-adhesives: Maxcem Elite (Kerr), RelyX Unicem 2 (3m ESPE), PANAVIA SA (Kuraray) and G-CEM LinkAce (GC America). Three cements were water-based chemical cured cements; Zinc-phosphate: Harvard Cement (Harvard) and resin modified glass ionomers cements: RelyX Luting Plus (3M ESPE) and GC FujiCEM 2 (GC America). Samples were scanned after …
Perception Of Attractiveness: A Comparison Of Two-Dimensional Versus Three-Dimensional Images, Aksana Marshall
Perception Of Attractiveness: A Comparison Of Two-Dimensional Versus Three-Dimensional Images, Aksana Marshall
All ETDs from UAB
Introduction: The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate whether there is a difference in perception of facial attractiveness when viewing two-dimensional (2D) versus three-dimensional images (3D) within each population studied (Caucasian, African American, and Chinese), (2) to evaluate whether panels of raters with different levels of orthodontic education would give similar facial attractiveness scores, and (3) to identify the soft tissue features that influence facial attractiveness when viewing 2D and 3D images. Materials and methods: A total of 60 3D images from three populations selected for this study were acquired using a 3dMDfaceTM system (Atlanta, GA) and were …
Msx1 Mutations And Their Binding Interactions, Divakar Prakash
Msx1 Mutations And Their Binding Interactions, Divakar Prakash
All ETDs from UAB
Orofacial clefting (OFC), also called cleft lip and/or palate, is the most common congenital birth anomaly that involve the craniofacial region in humans. The etiology of Non-Syndromic OFC (NS-OFC) is complex and multifactorial; a slew of genetic mutations, standing alone or in combinations, along with several environmental factors, play a major role in the disease process. Numerous linkage and association studies in humans, as well as expression studies and knockout mouse models, have implicated Muscle segment homeobox gene 1 (MSX1), which encodes a homeodomain/DNA binding domain (HD) containing transcription factor as a strong candidate contributing to NS-OFC and Tooth Agenesis …
Automatic Segmentation Of Teeth In Digital Dental Models, David Anton Mouritsen
Automatic Segmentation Of Teeth In Digital Dental Models, David Anton Mouritsen
All ETDs from UAB
Introduction: Within the last decade, there has been an increase in the use of digital records in orthodontics. An orthodontic diagnostic setup is a simulated treatment outcome prepared from dental models. To create a diagnostic setup from digital dental models, the first step is to segment the models, or identify the boundaries of each tooth. In the past, a human operator would manually segment the models using a computer program to draw the boundary that separates the teeth from each other and the gingiva. The ideal, fully automatic, segmentation algorithm would not require a user to interact with the digital …
Characterization Of Pleiotrophin And Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Beta/Zeta In Odontoblast And Osteoblast Cell Lines, Amena Tamkenath
Characterization Of Pleiotrophin And Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Beta/Zeta In Odontoblast And Osteoblast Cell Lines, Amena Tamkenath
All ETDs from UAB
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is an extracellular matrix-associated growth factor and chemokine expressed in mesodermal and ectodermal cells. It plays an important role in osteoblast recruitment and differentiation. PTN has two well-known physiological receptors, protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPRZ1), and N-syndecan. Protein tyrosine phosphatases are a group of enzymes that remove phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosine residues on proteins. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a common post-translation modification that can create novel recognition motifs for protein interactions and cellular localization, affect protein stability and regulate enzyme activity. Osteoblasts have recently been found to express the short transmembrane isoform of RPTP beta/zeta but nothing …
Real-Time Quantitative Pcr For Evaluation Of Mutans Streptococci And Dental Caries, Chanika Manmontri
Real-Time Quantitative Pcr For Evaluation Of Mutans Streptococci And Dental Caries, Chanika Manmontri
All ETDs from UAB
Mutans streptococci (MS), e.g., Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Streptococcus sobrinus (Ss), are associated with dental caries. Quantification of MS has been shown to predict caries risk. A new technology using PCR may streamline quantification compared to traditional culture methods. Purpose: To use real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and standard plate counting (SPC) for detection and quantification of levels of Sm, Ss and total streptococci (TS) in clinical samples from high-caries-risk children with no regular access to dental care and to study correlation of these bacterial levels and ratios to caries prevalence. Methods: Saliva and plaque samples were collected from school-aged children …
The Influence Of Growth Factors Applied During Socket Conversion, On The Incidence Of Spontaneous Early Dental Implant Exposure, Michael Anh Minh Nguyen
The Influence Of Growth Factors Applied During Socket Conversion, On The Incidence Of Spontaneous Early Dental Implant Exposure, Michael Anh Minh Nguyen
All ETDs from UAB
Spontaneous early exposure of a dental implant's cover screw can result in a nidus for plaque accumulation, which may result in inflammation, damage to the peri-implant mucosa, and possible peri-implant bone loss. This study aims to investigate the effect of the addition of growth factors, specifically recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor, and platelet-rich plasma, at the time of socket conversion, on the incidence of early implant exposures. This retrospective study utilized data from a study involving a total of 80 implants that were placed in 4 different types of sites (Groups 1,2,3, and 4). Group 1 sites were extraction sites …
Three Dimensional Comparison Of Facial Morphology Of A Caucasian American Population And A Native Brazilian Population, William N. Turner
Three Dimensional Comparison Of Facial Morphology Of A Caucasian American Population And A Native Brazilian Population, William N. Turner
All ETDs from UAB
The aim of this study was to assess the use of 3-dimensional facial averages in determining facial morphologic differences in a Caucasian North American population and a native Brazilian population. Methods and Materials: Three-dimensional images were acquired through a commercially available stereo-photogrammetric camera system (The 3dMDfaceTM system). A total of 200 images from two population groups (Caucasian American and Native Brazilian) were taken. Each image was acquired as a facial mesh and orientated along a triangulated axis. All facial images were overlaid and superimposed, using Rapid Form 6 software to create a composite facial average of one man and one …
Histomorphometry And Quantitative Analysis Of Longer-Term Implant Interfaces, Dave Darko Kojic
Histomorphometry And Quantitative Analysis Of Longer-Term Implant Interfaces, Dave Darko Kojic
All ETDs from UAB
Objective: This investigation was to evaluate (>10 year) bone response around custom (HA plasma coated) dental implants and HA particulate. Materials and Methods: Three individual post mortem mandibular COI Implants with surrounding bone were processed at six transverse locations to obtain non-decalcified ground sections (20-80µm)(n=36) and stained initially with methylene blue/basic fuchsin. Slides were evaluated to select (n= 8) slides for regions of interest along the perimeter of the implant, using optical microscopy (Olympus BX51 microscope) with a Retiga EXi color digital camera (Olympus, Center Valley, PA) and Bioquant VR software (R&M Biometrics, Nashville, TN) at an original magnification …
A Histologic And Radiologic Analysis Of Bone Formation Under The Elevated Maxillary Sinus Using Venous Coagulum As The Sole Filling Material, Kathleen Ann Beaudry
A Histologic And Radiologic Analysis Of Bone Formation Under The Elevated Maxillary Sinus Using Venous Coagulum As The Sole Filling Material, Kathleen Ann Beaudry
All ETDs from UAB
Insufficient bone height is a common obstacle to placing dental implants in the posterior maxilla. Sinus lift procedures using various grafting materials have been shown to be a highly predictable way to increase bone height in the posterior maxilla (Jensen 1998). Given the wide range of materials that have proven successful in augmenting the sinus, the argument could be made that the presence of graft is not critical. Instead, the creation and maintenance of space, provided by two implants, along with the osteoinductive properties of the membrane, the periosteum, and growth factors provided by a blood clot are the only …
The Characteristics Of Soft Tissue Following Root Coverage Procedures With Two Types Of Acellular Dermal Matrix Allografts, Ramzi Abou Arraj
The Characteristics Of Soft Tissue Following Root Coverage Procedures With Two Types Of Acellular Dermal Matrix Allografts, Ramzi Abou Arraj
All ETDs from UAB
Acellular dermal matrix allograft (ADMA) has emerged as a reliable substitute for autogenous soft tissue grafts in the treatment of gingival recessions and lack of keratinized gingiva (KG). ADMA has been hypothesized to create a zone of "immobile tissue" extending apical to the mucogingival junction (MGJ). This project aims to investigate the presence of this zone associated with the use of a coronally advanced flap in combination with either AlloDerm® (ADMA A) or Puros Dermis® (ADMA B) for root coverage procedures. Twenty patients, each presenting with one Miller Class I or II recession defect, were randomized to receive either ADMA …
Effect Of Different Percentages Of Silica Nanofibers Filler Loads On Mechanical And Physical Properties Of Flowable And Hybrid Composite Resins, Qinyue Cai
All ETDs from UAB
Dental composites are used for a variety of applications in dentistry today. Dental composites are composed of a resin matrix containing a blend of Bis-GMA (bis-phenol A-glycidyldimethacrylate) or urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) along with TEGDMA (tetraethylglycidylmethacrylate). Exhaustive researches has been conducted in recent years to improve physical and mechanical properties of resin-based dental composites, since the existing resin-filler systems may not be suitable for long term applications in large as well as high stress restorations. Nanofillers reinforced composite resins have shown promising results. Silica-based nanoparticles and clusters are blended with larger-sized fillers and are available commercially for restoring large posterior restorations. …
Wear Of Ceramics And Enamel In A Chewing Simulator, Sridhar Janyavula
Wear Of Ceramics And Enamel In A Chewing Simulator, Sridhar Janyavula
All ETDs from UAB
Dental ceramics are known for their excellent chemical and optical properties. The wear of human enamel and of the restorative material is often a vital and esthetical concern when selecting a restorative material for any given clinical restorative treatment. Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate effect of zirconia (polished, glazed, polished then glazed, adjusted, glazed and adjusted, adjusted and polished and aged zirconia) against human enamel antagonist. A comparison was made between different zirconia, veneering porcelain (Ceramco 3) and natural enamel. Additionally, the surface roughness (Ra) of the ceramic surface was measured before and after wear testing …
Influence Of Surface Treatment Of Y-Tzp And Luting Cements On Retention Of Y-Tzp Crown, Mehdi Karimipour-Saryazdi
Influence Of Surface Treatment Of Y-Tzp And Luting Cements On Retention Of Y-Tzp Crown, Mehdi Karimipour-Saryazdi
All ETDs from UAB
Clinicians for a single tooth restoration, due to improved esthetics, often select all ceramic crowns. Zirconium Oxide has been utilized for many years to full fill the requirement of esthetics, high mechanical properties and biocompatibility. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments and luting agents on retention of a zirconium oxide crown. Material and Methods: Ninety extracted teeth were obtained. Teeth were mounted in Ortho JetTM resin (Lang Dental Manufacturing Co., Inc. IL, USA). Occlusal surface was cut flat using Isomet (Buhler Ltd). Diamond burs were used to cut axial walls under water …
Molar Distalization To Resolve Class Ii Malocclusion: A Cephalometric Study Utilizing The Carriere Distalizer, Careybeth Hayes Rivers
Molar Distalization To Resolve Class Ii Malocclusion: A Cephalometric Study Utilizing The Carriere Distalizer, Careybeth Hayes Rivers
All ETDs from UAB
Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the short-term skeletal and dental effects that occur as a result of Class II malocclusion correction utilizing the Carrière Distalizer as compared to best-matched controls. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort cephalometric study using lateral cephalometric films of 25 (14 male, 11 female, average age 13y 6m) class II patients consecutively treated with the Carrière Distalizer compared with 36 (19 male, 17 female, 13y 2m) untreated class II control subjects from a historical database best-matched based upon age, sex and skeletal classifications. Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral head films were analyzed with …