Dentistry Commons^™

Differential Involvement Of The Canonical And Noncanonical Inflammasomes In The Immune Response Against Infection By The Periodontal Bacteria Porphyromonas Gingivalis And Fusobacterium Nucleatum, Kívia Queiroz De Andrade, Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-Da-Silva, David M. Ojcius, Robson Coutinho-Silva

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We examined the involvement of the P2 × 7 receptor and the canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes in the control of single-species or dual-species infection by the periodontal bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in cells and mice. Stimulation of the P2 × 7 receptor leads to activation of the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of caspase-1, which leads to cleavage of pro-IL-1β to IL-1β, a key cytokine in the host inflammatory response in periodontal disease. The non-canonical inflammasome pathway involves caspase-11. Thus, wildtype (WT), P2 × 7^−/−, caspase-11^−/− and caspase-1/11^−/− mice were co-infected with both bacterial …

Online Learning During Covid-19 Produced Equivalent Or Better Student Course Performance As Compared With Pre-Pandemic: Empirical Evidence From A School-Wide Comparative Study, Meixun S. Zheng, Daniel Bender, Cindy Lyon

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic forced dental schools to close their campuses and move didactic instruction online. The abrupt transition to online learning, however, has raised several issues that have not been resolved. While several studies have investigated dental students’ attitude towards online learning during the pandemic, mixed results have been reported. Additionally, little research has been conducted to identify and understand factors, especially pedagogical factors, that impacted students’ acceptance of online learning during campus closure. Furthermore, how online learning during the pandemic impacted students’ learning performance has not been empirically investigated. In March 2020, the dental school studied here moved …

Evaluation Of Usage-Induced Degradation Of Different Endodontic File Systems, Shekhar Bhatia, Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu, Ove A. Peters, Amr Fawzy, Umer Daood

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To evaluate structural profiles and mechanical behaviour of WaveOne Gold (WOG), Twisted File Adaptive (TFA) and XP-endo shaper (XPS) instruments after root canal preparation. Standardized in vitro shaping was performed in presence of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. File morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction analysis was performed before and after use along with Raman spectroscopy. Nanoindentation was carried out to characterize surface topography. Ni2+ release was measured at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was done before and after use. After allocating scan line shifts like in WOG, mechanical deformation was shown using …

Contact Point Autumn 2021, Kara Sanchez

Contact Point

No abstract provided.

Insight - Fall 2021, Dugoni School Of Dentistry

Insight

Spotlighting the work of people at the Dugoni School, including clinical and biomedical research, the scholarship of teaching and learning, improvement of the health care system, professional partnerships that advance the field and more.

Year In Review 2020-2021, Dugoni School Of Dentistry

Dugoni Academic Year in Review

Highlights of academic programs, clinical services, research, community outreach and other areas of University of the Pacific's Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry.

The Influence Of Cbct-Derived 3d-Printed Models On Endodontic Microsurgical Treatment Planning And Confidence Of The Operator, Shreyas Oza, Johnah C. Galicia

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Aims Use of 3D printed models in Endodontics has been gaining popularity since the technology to create them became more affordable. Currently, there are no studies that evaluate the influence of 3D models on endodontic surgical treatment planning and on operator confidence. Therefore, aims of this study were to: (i) Determine whether the availability of a 3D printed analogue can influence treatment-planning and operator confidence; and, (ii) Assess which factors of operator confidence are influenced, if any.

Materials and Methods Endodontists were asked to analyze a pre-selected CBCT scan of an endodontic surgical case and to answer a questionnaire that …

Variants Of Facial Shape Genes In Patients With Class Ii Or Class I Malocclusion, Mahsa Mortazavi, Marie M. Tolarová Md, Phd, Drsc, Mirek Tolar

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Background and purpose: In recent years, questions regarding the genetic and environmental factors affecting variation in human craniofacial morphology have received increasing attention. Medical and clinical genetic research using family studies has proven foundational for our understanding of which genes affect craniofacial variation. On the other hand, cephalometricbased studies showed a relationship between the cranial base and midface characteristics among individuals with different skeletal pattern of malocclusion. The purpose of our pilot study was to analyze specific variants of facial genes that were suggested to be associated with cranial base width and depth in Class II and Class I malocclusions. …

Variants Of Pax Gene Family In Patients With Class Ii Or Class I Malocclusion, Mana Naeim, Marie M. Tolarová Md, Phd, Drsc, Mirek Tolar

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Background and Purpose. Orthodontic treatment helps to ensure proper function of teeth and to create healthy smiles. To this aim, the orthodontist’s goal is establishment of an esthetic harmony between soft and hard tissues of the face. Dimensions of facial width and height are crucial for accurate diagnosis and formulation of an efficient treatment plan. A knowledge of genetic determinants of these dimensions in Class II patients will deepen our understanding of etiology of skeletal Class II malocclusions and would make it possible to personalize a patient’s treatment plan. The purpose of our pilot study was to analyze, if specific …

Potential Differences In Somatosensory Function During Premenopause And Early And Late Postmenopause In Patients With Burning Mouth Syndrome: An Observational Case–Control Study, Kana Ozasa, Noboru Noma, Andrew Young, Olga A. Korczeniewska, Eli Eliav, Yoshiki Imamura

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Background/purpose: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic condition presenting as intraoral burning or dysesthesia, with a high preponderance in menopausal women. This study aimed to examine the association between somatosensory dysfunction and BMS in premenopausal, early postmenopausal, and late postmenopausal patients, using a standardized Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) protocol, and to determine the predictive value of thermal or mechanical perception by QST for detecting BMS. Materials and methods: An observational case–control study was performed with 36 female participants with BMS (12 premenopausal, 10 early postmenopausal, and 14 late postmenopausal) and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (21 premenopausal, 10 …

Is Neurotrophic Factor A Second Language That Neuron And Tooth Speak?, Nan Xiao

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Cyclic Fatigue And Bending Resistance Of Coronal Preflaring Niti File Manufactured With Different Heat Treatments, Soram Oh, Su-Young Moon, Antonis Chaniotis, Eugenio Pedullá, Adel S. Al-Ghamdi, Zawzi A. Al-Ghamdi, Ayman O. Mandorah, Hiran Perinpanayagam, Kee-Yeon Kum, Ove A. Peters, Seok W. Chang

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Coronal preflaring NiTi files should possess proper hardness, resistance to fracture and flexibility. This study compared the bending resistance and cyclic fatigue resistance of three orifice preflaring NiTi files. HyFlex EDM Orifice opener (#25/12), HyFlex CM (#25/08) and One Flare (#25/09) were tested (n = 46/instrument). Bending resistance was assessed with the stress when perpendicular displacement was applied to a 3 mm point from the file tip, and was performed at either room temperature (RT, n = 10) or body temperature (BT, n = 10). Cyclic fatigue resistance was tested with an artificial ceramic root canal at RT (n = …

The Significance Of Utilizing A Corticotomy On Periodontal And Orthodontic Outcomes: A Systematic Review And Meta‐Analysis, Jonathan Gao, Trung Nguyen, Snehlata Oberoi, Heesoo Oh, Sunil Kapila, Richard T. Kao, Guo-Hao Lin

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Purpose: This systematic review compares the clinical and radiographic outcomes for patients who received only a corticotomy or periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) with those who received a conventional orthodontic treatment. Methods: An electronic search of four databases and a hand search of peer‐reviewed journals for relevant articles published in Eng-lish between January 1980 and June 2021 were performed. Human clinical trials of ≥ 10 patients treated with a corticotomy or PAOO with radiographic and/or clinical outcomes were included. Meta‐analyses were performed to analyze the weighted mean difference (WMD) and confidence interval (CI) for the recorded variables. Results: Twelve articles …

Trident - Autumn 2021, Dugoni School Of Dentistry

Trident

The newsletter of the Pacific Orthodontic Alumni Chapter at University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry.

Radiographic Interpretation Using High-Resolution Cbct To Diagnose Degenerative Temporomandibular Joint Disease, Jonas Bianchi, João R. Gonçalves, Antônio C. De Oliveira Ruellas, Júlia V. P. Bianchi, Lawrence M. Ashman, Marilia Yatabe, Erika Benavides, Fabiana N. Soki, Lucia H. S. Cevidanes

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The objective of this study was to use high-resolution cone-beam computed images (hr-CBCT) to diagnose degenerative joint disease in asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders DC/TMD imaging criteria. This observational study comprised of 92 subjects age-sex matched and divided into two groups: clinical degenerative joint disease (c-DJD, n = 46) and asymptomatic control group (n = 46). Clinical assessment of the DJD and high-resolution CBCT images (isotropic voxel size of 0.08mm) of the temporomandibular joints were performed for each participant. An American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology certified radiologist and a maxillofacial radiologist used …

Insight - Summer 2021, Dugoni School Of Dentistry

Insight

Whether you are involved in clinical research, biomedical research, the scholarship of teaching and learning, improvement of the health care system, or professional partnerships that advance the field, we aim to spotlight the work of people at the Dugoni School.

Opioids And Dentistry, Anne E. Wampler

Pacific Journal of Health

Dental professionals are among the leading prescribers of opioids in the United States and play a significant role in the current opioid epidemic. While dental professionals prescribe these potent pain killers to provide relief to patients, the serious implications of their prescription and distribution must be considered. This manuscript covers the science behind opioids, history of the opioid epidemic, the affliction it is currently causing in the U.S., the immense impact dentists have in providing opioid prescriptions along with gross over-prescription practices, and much more. Other topics discussed include alternative pain management, safe prescribing practices, naloxone, and how dentists can …

Cigarette Smoke Stimulates Sars-Cov-2 Internalization By Activating Ahr And Increasing Ace2 Expression In Human Gingival Epithelial Cells, Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-Da-Silva, Harmony Matshik Dakafay, Kaitlyn Liu, David M. Ojcius

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A large body of evidence shows the harmful effects of cigarette smoke to oral and systemic health. More recently, a link between smoking and susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was proposed. COVID-19 is due to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which uses the receptor ACE2 and the protease TMPRSS2 for entry into host cells, thereby infecting cells of the respiratory tract and the oral cavity. Here, we examined the effects of cigarette smoke on the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors and infection in human gingival epithelial cells (GECs). We found that cigarette smoke condensates (CSC) upregulated …

Altered Somatosensory Processing In Secondary Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Case Report, Noboru Noma, Kana Ozasa, Andrew Young

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Secondary trigeminal neuralgia might be very rarely preceded by trigeminal neuropathic pain. The patient, in this case, presented with paroxysmal pain in the left mandible and numbness of the lower lip and tongue. Sensory testing of these areas revealed cold and heat hyperalgesia and mechanical hyposensitivity in the mandibular region. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass in the left cerebellopontine angle. The patient was prescribed systemic mirogabalin (2.5 mg/day), which provided some relief until the tumor was removed. The histopathological diagnosis was an epidermoid tumor. This article discusses the clinical characteristics and sensory testing findings that distinguish secondary trigeminal neuralgia …

A Pilot Virtual Project For Advising Senior Dental Hygiene Students On Work Readiness Skills, Annie Han, Mustafa S. Radif

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Immunotherapies For Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ibrahim Mortada, Raymond Farah, Sanaa Nabha, David M. Ojcius, Youssef Fares, Wassim Y. Almawi, Najwane S. Sadier

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The current treatments for neurodegenerative diseases are mostly symptomatic without affecting the underlying cause of disease. Emerging evidence supports a potential role for immunotherapy in the management of disease progression. Numerous reports raise the exciting prospect that either the immune system or its derivative components could be harnessed to fight the misfolded and aggregated proteins that accumulate in several neurodegenerative diseases. Passive and active vaccinations using monoclonal antibodies and specific antigens that induce adaptive immune responses are currently under evaluation for their potential use in the development of immunotherapies. In this review, we aim to shed light on prominent immunotherapeutic …

Tissue Reaction To Novel Customized Calcium Silicate Cement Based Dental Implants. A Pilot Study In The Dog, Amir Fakhrzadeh, Mohammad A. Saghiri, Steven M. Morgano, Andrew Sullivan

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of periodontal tissue regeneration in a canine model following post-extraction placement of an implant molded from a composite material made from extracted tooth dentin and a calcium silicate cement (CSC) material. The investigation used autologous dentin in conjunction with a CSC material to form a composite implant designed for immediate tooth replacement. Methods: Two (2) beagles had a periodontal and radiographic examination performed to rule out any pre-treatment inflammation, significant periodontal disease, or mobility. Then, ination eleven (11) teeth were extracted and polyvinyl siloxane molds were made to fabricate …

Insight - Spring 2021, Dugoni School Of Dentistry

Insight

Whether you are involved in clinical research, biomedical research, the scholarship of teaching and learning, improvement of the health care system, or professional partnerships that advance the field, we aim to spotlight the work of people at the Dugoni School.

Student Preferences Impact Outcome Of Flipped Classroom In Dental Education: Students Favoring Flipped Classroom Benefited More, Nan Xiao, Der Thor, Meixun S. Zheng

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Many reports in dental education showed that student learning improved with the flipped classroom method. However, there are few reports that describe how different subsets of students may benefit from the flipped classroom. In this study, we investigated how students’ preference for the flipped classroom impacted their learning outcome. We used a flipped classroom module on the physiology of the autonomic nervous system taught to year one Doctor of Dental Surgery students to test the hypothesis that students who favored the flipped classroom performed better on assessment quizzes. The module was composed of pre-class activity, out-of-class assignment, in-class discussion, and …

Contact Point Spring 2021, Arthur A. Dugoni School Of Dentistry

Contact Point

No abstract provided.

Neither B Cell Nor T Cell – The Unique Group Of Innate Lymphoid Cells, Jean M. Kanellopoulos, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

This special issue contains four review articles that analyze the development and biology of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which are the most recently-discovered group of innate immune cells. This unique group of lymphoid cells lacks the RAG gene and consequently does not express B cell nor T cell antigen-specific receptors. They are abundant at mucosal surfaces, where they play a role in immunity and homeostasis. The ILCs are the focus of intensive research efforts to understand their development and function.

Structural And Functional Features Of The P2x4 Receptor: An Immunological Perspective, Jean M. Kanellopoulos, Cássio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-Da-Silva, Sirje Rüütel Boudinot, David M. Ojcius

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Extracellular nucleotides are important mediators of activation, triggering various responses through plasma membrane P2 and P1 receptors. P2 receptors are further subdivided into ionotropic P2X receptors and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors. P2X4 is an ATP-gated cation channel broadly expressed in most tissues of the body. Within the P2X family, P2X4 has a unique subcellular distribution, being preferentially localized in lysosomes. In these organelles, high ATP concentrations do not trigger P2X4 because of the low pH. However, when the pH increases to 7.4, P2X4 can be stimulated by intra-lysosomal ATP, which is in its active, tetra-anionic form. Elucidation of P2X4, P2X3 …

Learning Engagement Through A Virtual Research Showcase, Karen Schulze, Annie Han

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Presentations

COVID-19 has necessitated creative adaptions to educational environments. At the University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, the school’s annual Spring research, clinical and community health showcase quickly morphed from the traditional face-to-face format to an online, virtually graded awards showcase with an online gallery website promoting sharing of the school community’s scholarship. This study’s goals were to explore how a dental academic community engaged with and learned from a pilot online showcase, and the professional value of showcase participation for students, research faculty and teaching clinicians. A convenience sample of 168 student and faculty showcase participants …

Does Covid-19 Contribute To Development Of Neurological Disease?, Arehally M. Mahalakshmi, Bipul Ray, Sunanda Tuladhar, Abid Bhat, Shasthara Paneyala, Duraisamy Patteswari, Meena Kishore Sakharkar, Hamdan Hamdan, David M. Ojcius, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Musthafa Mohamed Essa, Saravana Babu Chidambaram, M. Walid Qoronfleh

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Background: Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated primarily with pneumonia, recent data show that the causative agent of COVID-19, the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can infect a large number of vital organs beyond the lungs, such as the heart, kidneys, and the brain. Thus, there is evidence showing possible retrograde transmission of the virus from the olfactory epithelium to regions of the brain stem. Methods: This is a literature review article. The research design method is an evidence-based rapid review. The present discourse aim is first to scrutinize and assess the available literature on …

Trident - Spring 2021, Dugoni School Of Dentistry

Trident

The newsletter of the Pacific Orthodontic Alumni Chapter at University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry. This issue is dedicated to the memory of our late Dean Emeritus Dr. Dugoni.