Dentistry Commons^™

The Association Of Tas1r2 To Dental And Cardiovascular Health, Joseph Keryakos, Annika Van Oosbree, Alyssa Marie Kiesow

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

Despite brushing and/or flossing their teeth twice daily, many people are still susceptible to dental cavities and tooth decay. This research investigates the genetic and cardiovascular health behind this phenomenon. Two gene variants related to taste pathways, taste 1 receptor member 2 (TAS1R2) and taste 2 receptor member 38 (TAS2R38), were tested on the DNA of 20 students at Northern State University (10 males and 10 females). In concert with genetic screening, tooth impressions were taken of the participants’ upper and lower jaws along with salivary pH, heart rates, and blood pressures. Participants’ cavities and fillings were counted and their …

Association Between Maxillary Transverse Discrepancy And Occurrence Of Potentially Impacted Maxillary Canines In Mixed Dentition Patients, Farhana Ghaffar, Rashna Hoshang Sukhia, Mubassar Fida

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between transverse maxillary discrepancy and occurrence of potentially impacted maxillary canines in mixed dentition patients.
Material and methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 85 Pakistani subjects (32 males and 53 females) aged between 8 to 13 years, having good quality orthopantomographs and dental casts. Maxillary transverse discrepancy was assessed by subtracting the mandibular intermolar width from the maxillary intermolar width on dental cast. Maxillary lateral incisors and canines were traced from orthopantomographs, and canines were placed into sector classification. Chi-square test was used to determine the difference …

Incorporating Oral Health Care In Pediatric Primary Care Practice, Salamatu Yusif

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

The most common chronic disease in childhood is dental caries and is more prevalent than asthma and hay fever (HHS, 2000). Data show that in the United States from 2011-2014, 24% of children aged 2-5 years had experienced dental caries in their primary teeth, with 11% having untreated caries (Dye et al., 2017). Primary care clinicians have an important role to play in promoting children’s oral health as much as dentists because they have more contact with children. The purpose of this evidence-based practice project was to integrate an evidence-based oral health program for children in a pediatric primary care …

Differential Microrna Expression Of Mir-21 And Mir-155 With Oral Cancer Extracellular Vesicles In Response To Melationin, Matthew Hunsaker, Greta Barba, Karl Kingsley, Katherine M. Howard

Dental Medicine Faculty Research

Objective: Extracellular vesicles derived from oral cancer cells, which include Exosomes and Oncosomes, are membranous vesicles secreted into the surrounding extracellular environment. These extracellular vesicles can regulate and modulate oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression through the horizontal transfer of bioactive molecules including proteins, lipids and microRNA (miRNA). The primary objective of this study was to examine the potential to isolate and evaluate extracellular vesicles (including exosomes) from various oral cancer cell lines and to explore potential differences in miRNA content. Methods: The OSCC cell lines SCC9, SCC25 and CAL27 were cultured in DMEM containing 10% exosome-free fetal bovine serum. …

Prevention Of Oral Mucositis In Cancer Patients, Patricia E. Biel

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Oral mucositis [OM] is one of the most severe non-hematological problems related to cancer treatments and can impact quality of life. It is linked to poorer outcomes due to the associated weight loss, pain, dehydration, and risk of developing life-threatening infections. The purpose of this evidence-based practice project was to determine if OM is preventable with the use of an oral care protocol and zinc supplementation when compared to use of oral care protocols alone. The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model was used to guide project implementation in an outpatient oncology office. Recommendations were developed from an exhaustive review …

Comparison Of The Depth Of Cure Of Flowable Composites Polymerized At Variable Increment Thicknesses And Voltages: An In Vitro Study, Sadia Tabassum, Muhammad Hasan Hameed, Farhan Raza Khan

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the depth of cure of two composite materials (SDR and Filtek bulk-fill) cured at variable increment depths (2, 4, and 6 mm) and voltages (180 and 220 volts).
Materials and Methods: Each sample of the composite material was packed in a mold of 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm and curing light (quartz tungsten halogen) of optimal intensity was exposed for 20 s at 2 different voltages on each specimen. After curing, the specimens were removed and the composite on the nonexposed end was scraped with a plastic instrument. The …

Periodontitis And The Elderly: An Overview Of The Disease And Its Impact On An Aging Population, Nicole Grace Weissenfluh

Senior Honors Theses

Periodontitis affects millions of Americans each year, and is especially prevalent among the elderly. Since periodontitis is a chronic, progressive condition, uninterrupted disease progression leads to irreversible oral damage; therefore, periodontitis often reduces the oral health-related quality of life. Furthermore, research strongly suggests a correlation between periodontitis and other systemic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus), highlighting the importance of understanding, treating, and preventing periodontitis. This thesis explores the pathology and etiology of periodontitis, with special focus given to the prevalence and impact of the disease in the elderly population. Additionally, the connection between periodontitis and other systemic diseases …

Oral Cancer Awareness Among University Students From Karachi, Pakistan, Dnyanesh Limaye, Patrick Ziesenis, Vaidehi Limaye, Mansoor Ahmad, Farah Saeed, Mahboob Alam, Ramla Rizvi, Atul Kapadi, Sushama Sathe, Gerhard Fortwengel

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Background: Oral cancers (OC) are malignant lesions occurring in the oral cavity that include squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), salivary gland and odontogenic neoplasms. Even though it is the eighth most common malignancy globally but in Pakistan it is the second commonest type of cancer. Lack of awareness about ill-effects of preventable risk factors of oral cancer increases the burden of disease due to the associated high cost of treatment, permanent impairment and high mortality. Hence, awareness can be very helpful in prevention, control and early diagnosis of oral cancer.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among university students from …

Association Between Asthma And Dental Caries Amongst 12 - 15 Years Old Children: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study In Karachi, Pakistan, Wajeeha Zahid, Shafquat Rozi, Farhan Raza Khan, Nida Zahid, Muhammad Masood Kadir

Community Health Sciences

Objective: The study aimed to determine an association between dental caries and asthma among 12 to 15 years old children.
Methods: This is a school-based cross-sectional study conducted from January to February 2016. A random sample of 544 children aged 12 - 15 years were enrolled from five private schools of Karachi. Dental caries was assessed using DMFT Index (Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth). The main exposure variable was asthma and information on it was collected through the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire.
Results: The data was analyzed using Cox Proportional Hazard algorithm. Crude and adjusted …

Radiation Safety Practices Of Dental Hygienists In The United States, Kimberly Lintag, Ann M. Bruhn, Susan Lynn Tolle, Norou Diawara

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose: The As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle was developed to promote awareness and minimization of radiation exposure and is supported by radiation control and professional organizations. The purpose of this study was to determine licensed dental hygienists' current radiation safety practices.

Methods: Data were collected with a 22 item, online survey administered to a convenience sample of 1,500 dental hygienists in the United States. Questions focused on respondents' use of the American Dental Association (ADA) radiographic examination selection guidelines, their individual dental practice policies, and hand-held portable x-ray device use and training. Cross tabulations were obtained using logistic …

Changes In The Transverse Dimension Of The Nasomaxillary Complex Following Rapid Palatal Expansion – A Post-Retention, Cbct Evaluation, Allison Schubert

Theses & Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the immediate and long-term effects of palatal expansion on the transverse dimension of the nasomaxillary complex.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight patients’ CBCTs were obtained at four time points: pre-expansion (T₁), post-expansion (T₂), pre-treatment (T₃), and middle or end of orthodontic treatment (T₄). The patients’ age, sex, cervical vertebral maturation stage, and the number of instructed expander turns were recorded. Measurements of the nasal floor, nasal passage, maxillary sinus, maxillary first molar mesiolingual cusp, maxillary first molar palatal cusp, maxillary first molar buccal cortical …

Treatment Of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Maxillo-Mandibular Advancement Surgery: Evaluation And Predictors Of Success, Daniel Taub, Dmd, Md, Michael Courtney, Dmd, Md, Karl Doghramji, Md

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Posters

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a well-recognized disease entity affecting approximately 2% to 4% of the population. Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery is a highly successful surgical alternative to poorly tolerated CPAP therapy and achieves a success rate of 89% in the current literature. Our present study evaluates the effectiveness of MMA surgery in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe OSA based on Shers criteria of 50% reduction in AHI and AHI < 20. Radiographic and clinical treatment variables were evaluated in determining predictors of success for MMA in individuals with OSA.

The Interprofessional Management Of Geriatric Patients Undergoing Head And Neck Cancer Treatment In U.S. Nursing Homes, Rashida Wiley, Vidushi Gupta, Riddhi A. Daftary, Jessfor Baugh, Anh H. Tran, Dorothy Lynne Cataldo, Yang Kang, Takashi Komabayashi

Dental Medicine Faculty Publications

A dental approach toward interprofessional management, treatment planning and rehabilitation of diagnosed individuals undergoing cancer therapies is essential. Literature review focuses on presurgery oral hygiene instructions, pre-radiography/chemotherapy dental clearance, complications and management during radiotherapy/chemotherapy; post-radiotherapy/ chemotherapy oral healthcare; and adjunctive measures.

A Gender-Based Comparison In Health Behaviors And State Of Happiness Among University Students, Rehana Rehman, Amara Zafar, Aleena Mohib, Mukhtiar Baig

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Objective: The presence of good healthy behaviors among university students is imperative for their future life. This study aimed to compare positive health behaviors and state of happiness between the two genders of Bahria University (BU), Karachi, Pakistan.
Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at BU, Karachi, Pakistan. A total 813 students participated in this study. The healthquestionnaire, adapted from Health and Behavior Survey and the Subjective Happiness Scale, was used to assess self-reported happiness. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22.
Results: Overall self-reported health behaviors were found to be more prevalent in females as …

Multiple Unerupted And Supernumerary Teeth In A Patient With Cleidocranial Dysplasia, Galal Omami

Oral Health Practice Faculty Publications

Cleidocranial dysplasia is an extremely rare familial disorder characterized by partial or complete absence of clavicles, characteristic craniofacial deformities, and the presence of numerous supernumerary and unerupted teeth. Here, the author reviews the striking radiographic findings of cleidocranial dysplasia in a 16-year-old adolescent boy who presented with delayed teeth eruption.

Association Between Environmental Tobacco Smoke And Dental Caries Amongst 5-14 Years Old Children In Karachi, Pakistan., Anna Ali Nayani, Romaina Iqbal, Syed Iqbal Azam, Farhan Raza Khan, Aysha Habib Khan, Naveed Janjua, Azmina Hussain

Community Health Sciences

Objective:To determine the association between environmental tobacco smoke and dental caries.
Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in peri-urban and urban areas of Karachi, from February to August 2014, and comprised children aged 5-14 years. A pre-coded questionnaire for environmental tobacco smoke and food frequency questionnaire for dietary habits were used. Dental examination of children was done to detect caries. Cox-proportional hazard algorithm was used to measure the association of environmental tobacco smoke with dental caries at multivariable level. STATA version 12.0 was used for statistical analysis.
Result:Of the 500 children, 250(50%) each were from peri-urban and urban …

Association Of Youth Characteristics And Recent Utilization Of Dental Services In The United States, Ilana R. A. Chertok, Nathaniel Chertok, Zelalem T. Haile, Bhakti Chavan

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Oral health is important for overall health of youth, although dental service utilization is lower than national goals. The purpose of the study was to identify sociodemographic and health behavioral characteristics of youth in the United States who reported having at least one dental visit in the past 12 months.

Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) to examine factors associated with dental care utilization using Andersen’s theory-based Behavioral Model of Health Care Utilization.

Results: Among 5,814 youth, nearly 78 percent reported visiting a dentist in the past 12 months. After adjusting …

Subclinical Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Health, And Disease Risk: Is There A Case For The Cardiovascular Health Index In The Primary Prevention Population?, Sarah S. Singh, Courtney S. Pilkerton, Carl D. Shrader Jr, Stephanie J. Frisbee

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Current primary prevention guidelines for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prioritize risk identification, risk stratification using clinical and risk scores, and risk reduction with lifestyle interventions and pharmacotherapy. Subclinical atherosclerosis is an early indicator of atherosclerotic burden and its timely recognition can slow or prevent progression to CVD. Thus, individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis are a priority for primary prevention. This study takes a practical approach to answering a challenge commonly faced by primary care practitioners: in patients with no known CVD, how can individuals likely to have subclinical atherosclerosis be easily identified using existing clinical data and/or information provided by the …

Factors Affecting Treatment Duration - A Dilemma In Orthodontics, Saman Faruqui, Mubassar Fida, Attiya Shaikh

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Background: One of the first concerns of new orthodontic patients, apart from the outcome, is the duration of treatment. A better understanding of orthodontic treatment duration as well as factors affecting the treatment duration is useful for efficient patient counselling and improved clinical practice. Hence, the objectives of this study are to compare the treatment durations of subjects with Class I and Class II division 1 (II/1) malocclusions, and to identify the factors affecting the treatment duration of these malocclusions.

Methods: This was a chart review conducted in the orthodontic department of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. …

Cpap-Mad Combination Therapy For Cpap Intolerant Patients With Moderate To Severe Osa, Jacob Stadiem

Theses & Dissertations

The treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) allows for a multidisciplinary approach between dentistry and medicine. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard for OSA treatment, but the non-adherence rates are high. The mandibular advancement device (MAD) has a higher acceptance rate than the CPAP, however the efficacy is much lower in cases of moderate to severe OSA. This thesis attempted to evaluate if there was a change in compliance when a MAD was added as a combination therapy to moderate to severe OSA subjects that were currently non-compliant with their CPAP. In addition, the change in air …

History Of Periodontitis Diagnosis And Edentulism As Predictors Of Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke, And Mortality In Postmenopausal Women., Michael J Lamonte, Robert J Genco, Kathleen M Hovey, Robert B Wallace, Jo L Freudenheim, Dominique S Michaud, Xiaodan Mai, Lesley F Tinker, Christian R Salazar, Christopher A Andrews, Wenjun Li, Charles B Eaton, Lisa W Martin, Jean Wactawski-Wende

Medicine Faculty Publications

Background

Few studies have reported associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in older women, which is the objective of the present investigation.

Methods and Results

Participants were 57 001 postmenopausal women ages 55 to 89 years (mean 68 years; >85% 60 and older) who were enrolled (1993–1998) in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, and were without known CVD when history of periodontitis and edentulism was assessed by questionnaire at study Year‐5 (1998–2003). There were 3589 incident CVD events and 3816 total deaths during a mean follow‐up of 6.7 years. In multivariable analysis, periodontitis was not associated with …

Retention Systems For Extraoral Maxillofacial Prosthetic Implants: A Critical Review, M.V. Cobein, N.P. Coto, O. Crivello Junior, J.B.D. Lemos, L.M. Vieira, M.L. Pimentel, Hugh Byrne, R.B. Dias

Articles

We describe the techniques available for retention of implant-supported prostheses: bar-clips, O-rings, and magnets. We present reported preferences and, although this is limited by the heterogeneity of methods used and patients studied, we hope we have identified the best retention systems for maxillofacial prosthetic implants. If practitioners know the advantages and disadvantages of each system, they can choose the most natural and comfortable prosthesis. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases, and restricted our search to papers published 2001–13. MeSH terms used were Maxillofacial prosthesis and Craniofacial prosthesis OR Craniofacial prostheses. We found a total of 2630 papers, and after …

Dental Care For Older Adults: Regulatory Requirements In Long Term Care Settings, American Dental Association

Action for Dental Health

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Of A Healthy Mouth To General Health And Illness, American Dental Association

Action for Dental Health

No abstract provided.

Why Does Oral Health In Long-Term Care Residents Matter? Talking Points For Administrators, American Dental Association

Action for Dental Health

No abstract provided.

Expanding Dental Practices Into Long-Term Care, American Dental Association

Action for Dental Health

No abstract provided.

Flipping The Classroom: Assessment Of Strategies To Promote Student-Centered, Self-Directed Learning In A Dental School Course In Pediatric Dentistry., Brenda S Bohaty, Gloria J. Redford, Cynthia C. Gadbury-Amyot

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The aim of this study was to explore student and course director experiences with the redesign of a traditional lecture-based course into a flipped classroom for teaching didactic content in pediatric dentistry to second-year dental students. The study assessed student satisfaction, extent of student engagement, overall course grades, and course director satisfaction. The students enrolled in a flipped classroom pediatric dentistry course (spring semester 2014; SP14) were asked to complete pre- and post-course questionnaires to assess their perceptions of active learning, knowledge acquisition, and course satisfaction. The process was repeated with the class enrolled in the same course the following …

Age Estimation Of A Sample Of Pakistani Population Using Coronal Pulp Cavity Index In Molars And Premolars On Orthopantomogram, Sheikh Bilal Badar, Rabia Ghafoor, Farhan Raza Khan, Muhammad Hasan Hameed

Department of Surgery Docs

The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of tooth-coronal index (TCI) in the age estimation. This retrospective charts review was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from January 2016 to March 2016, and comprised 315 teeth of 80 individuals. The teeth were analysed on Orthopantomogram. TCI was calculated for unrestored mandibular premolars and molars. Pearson's correlation was applied to assess correlation between chronological age and TCI. Besides, 30(37.5%) subjects were male and 50(62.5%) female, and 140(44.4%) teeth were of male subjects and 175(55.6%) were of females. The mean correlation coefficient between chronological age and …

Prevalence Of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Dentists In Teaching Hospitals In Karachi, Muhammad Hasan Hameed, Rabia Ghafoor, Farhan Raza Khan, Sheikh Bilal Badar

Department of Surgery Docs

Work-related musculoskeletal pain is common among healthcare professionals, including dentists. This crosssectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among dentists. This study was carried out from January to April 2016 at various teaching hospitals of Karachi, and comprised 230 dentists. A self-administered questionnaire, adapted from a validated Nordic questionnaire, was distributed among the participants. Descriptive statistics were computed and associations of interest were analysed using chi-square test. Of the 230 forms, 182(79.11%) were included after leaving out the incomplete ones. The overall prevalence of MSDs was 138(75.8%). The most frequent reasonsfor MSDs were lack …

Bilateral Radicular Cyst With Severe Destruction Of The Buccal Cortical Plate Secondary To Endodontic Failure, Rabia Ghafoor, Kiran Rehman

Department of Surgery Docs

Abstract

Large apical radiolucencies after endodontic treatment are usually advised orthograde retreatment, apical surgery and that too with a guarded prognosis. Microsurgical techniques, the use of ultrasonic and magnification aides, have been in use in the developed countries for the past few decades and have shown significant improvement in long-term success of such cases. MTA is proposed as one of the best materials for sealing root end surfaces. In this report, the healing response of cases of 2 large apical radiolucencies, found separately in the anterior maxilla, which were treated by orthograde as well as retrograde endodontic treatments and guided …