Dentistry Commons^™

Understanding Deep Learning - Challenges And Prospects, Niha Adnan, Fahad Umer

Department of Surgery Docs

The developments in Artificial Intelligence have been on the rise since its advent. The advancements in this field have been the innovative research area across a wide range of industries, making its incorporation in dentistry inevitable. Artificial Intelligence techniques are making serious progress in the diagnostic and treatment planning aspects of dental clinical practice. This will ultimately help in the elimination of subjectivity and human error that are often part of radiographic interpretations, and will improve the overall efficiency of the process. The various types of Artificial Intelligence algorithms that exist today make the understanding of their application quite complex. …

Perspectives Of Orthodontists Of The Diagnosis, Prevention, And Management Of White Spot Lesions: A Qualitative Study, Salwa Taibah, Neamat Hassan Abubakr Hassan, Hassan Ziada

Dental Medicine Faculty Research

Aims: Several factors influence the development of white spot lesions (WSLs), and one of these is fixed orthodontic appliances. This study aims to evaluate the awareness, preventive strategies, and management of WSLs among a group of Orthodontists. Materials and Methods: A qualitative methodology was applied; four focus groups made up a purposive sample from Orthodontists with various training backgrounds while working within the same healthcare services. Results: Three main themes emerged: awareness and ability to diagnose WSLs, perceived influences on the development of WSLs, and prevention and management strategies and barriers to care delivery. All focus groups agreed that there …

The Effects Of Celiac Disease On Oral Health In Children And Adults, Marissa Balducci, Katarina Jones

Dental Hygiene Student Scholarship

Objectives: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed subjects. To ensure affected patients receive optimal dental care, it is necessary for dental professionals to recognize the oral manifestations of celiac disease in both children and adults. Upon associating oral conditions with celiac disease, the dental provider should be able to present recommendations to the patient, contributing to an improvement in their oral health.

Methods: This review of the literature used PubMed to identify relevant professional research articles with publication after 2017. MesH terms utilized in the search process were …

Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste On Caries Prevention In Children, Samantha Richardson, Kelly Vaughan

Dental Hygiene Student Scholarship

Are Hydroxyapatite Toothpastes The Answer To Fluoride Free Patients?

Richardson, Samantha 1 and Vaughan, Kelly 2

Dental Hygiene Program, Virginia Commonwealth University

Abstract:

Objectives/Aims: With the rising trend to become more clean with our ingredient lists, we are facing more patients refusing fluoride treatments and fluoridated toothpastes. This trend has been prevalent in our younger generations due to parents only wanting the purest natural ingredients for their children and now declining fluoride application. The goal of this literature is to find a safe alternative toothpaste that will be just as effective as fluoride.

Methods: This review of literature has been …

Prenatal And Pediatric Oral Health Education Among Dental Hygiene Programs In The United States, Denise M. Claiborne, Shillpa Naavaal

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose: Health care and dental providers must be prepared to address the oral health needs of mothers and children in order to reduce the burden of dental disease in these populations. The purpose of this study was to describe the curriculum and clinical experiences related to prenatal and pediatric oral health in the university and community college dental hygiene programs in the United States (US).

Methods: Dental hygiene program directors (PDs) from across the US were invited to participate in a cross-sectional electronic survey regarding the prenatal and pediatric oral health curriculum at their institution. In addition to program characteristics, …

Bibliometric Study On The Literature Related To Dental Research And Education Published In Journal Of Pakistan Medical Association, Samira Adnan, Kamil Zafar, Farhan Raza Khan, Rizwan Ullah

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To analyse characteristics of literature related to dental research and education published in a single medical journal, The Journal of Pakistan Medical Association.
Method: The bibliometric study was conducted at the Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University from March till May 2020, and comprised electronic and hand search of scientific literature relevant to dentistry published in the Journal of Pakistan Medical Association from the first issue published in 1953 till March 2020. The selected articles were analysed for year of publication, field of study, type of article, institute and country of first author, number of …

Comparison Of Surface Defects In Protaper Next And Hyflex Edm Files After Single Clinical Use: A Stereoscopic Evaluation, Faizan Javed, Momina Anis Motiwala, Farhan Raza Khan, Rabia Ghafoor

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To compare the surface defects created on the ProTaper Next files versus HyFlex Electrical Discharge Machining files after single clinical use in molars.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the dental department of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from December 2018 to June 2019, and comprised Nickel-Titanium files belonging to HyFlex Electrical Discharge Machining and ProTaper Next to perform complete root canal treatment of molar teeth. The files were first visually examined and then analysed under 25.6x magnification using a stereomicroscope for the evaluation of surface defects. A photographic record was maintained and studied. Data was analysed …

Psychosocial Factors Of Covid-19 Impact Oral Health, Neeru Ramaswami Bds, Ms, Mph

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

The impact of psychosocial factors on oral health during the COVID-19 pandemic necessitates an interdisciplinary approach to patient care. This article, part of National Children’s Dental Health Month, focuses on adolescent oral health and eating disorders, authored by experts from the University of Michigan. With a dramatic increase in eating disorders among Michigan adolescents during the pandemic, especially affecting transgender and diverse youth, identifying such issues is crucial. General dentists, in an ideal position for interaction, can play a vital role in addressing these challenges, emphasizing the need for continued education and collaboration.

J Mich Dent Assoc January 2022

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Monthly, The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association brings news, information, and feature articles to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. No publication reaches more Michigan dentists! In this January 2022 issue, the reader will find the following original content:

• A cover feature, “Eating Disorders in Adolescents: Facts and Recommendations for the Oral Health Team”
• An introduction to the Pediatric Health Series, “Psychosocial Factors of COVID-19 Impact Oral Health”
• A DEI Feature, “Inclusion of the Mobility Impaired in Our Community”
• A 10-Minute EBD, “Factors Impacting Gingival Margin Position Following Esthetic Crown Lengthening”
• News you need, an …

Eating Disorders In Adolescents: Facts And Recommendations For The Oral Health Care Team, Catherine A. Miller Md, James R. Boynton Dds, Ms, Terrill Bravender Md, Mph

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Eating disorders typically begin during the adolescent years. These disorders are a spectrum of thoughts and behaviors related to food, weight and exercise that lead to significant psychological and physical morbidity. Medical complications of eating disorders are common and can be life-threatening. Dental providers can play an important role in care by recognizing oral signs and symptoms associated with eating disorders, giving advice on mitigating these issues, and helping patients and families connect with appropriate care. In this article, we provide key information about eating disorders, the complications including oral health issues, and advice for dental providers regarding care and …

Comparison Of Reverse Torque Values Of Abutment Screws With The Application Of Oil-Based And Water-Based Antibacterial Agents, Amin Nourizadeh, Elnaz Shafiee, Azin Khorramdel, Seyed Amin Mousavi, Mehran Rahbar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Using antibacterial agents to remove the foul odor of the implant cavity and prevent peri-implantitis can affect the detorque values and lead to the loosening of the abutment screw. This study investigated the effects of tetracycline and chlorhexidine gel on detorque values.

METHODS: This in vitro study was carried out on three groups of five implants. Group G1 was the control group, and no material was applied to the implant cavity. In group G2, the implant cavity was first filled with artificial saliva and then with chlorhexidine gel. In group G3, the implant cavity was first filled with artificial …

Comparative Analysis Of Gene Expression Patterns For Oral Epithelial Cell Functions In Periodontitis, Octavio A Gonzalez, Sreenatha Kirakodu, Linh M Nguyen, Luis Orraca, Michael J Novak, Janis Gonzalez-Martinez, Jeffrey L Ebersole

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The structure and function of epithelial cells are critical for the construction and maintenance of intact epithelial surfaces throughout the body. Beyond the mechanical barrier functions, epithelial cells have been identified as active participants in providing warning signals to the host immune and inflammatory cells and in communicating various detailed information on the noxious challenge to help drive specificity in the characteristics of the host response related to health or pathologic inflammation. Rhesus monkeys were used in these studies to evaluate the gingival transcriptome for naturally occurring disease samples (GeneChip® Rhesus Macaque Genome Array) or for ligature-induced disease (GeneChip® Rhesus …

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising In An Epidermal Inclusion Cyst, Suzanne Alkul, Christopher N Nguyen, Nisha S Ramani, Mahmud Alkul, Ida Orengo, Ikue Shimizu, Bhuvaneswari Krishnan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from an epidermal inclusion cyst (EIC) is uncommon. We present a case of a 70-year-old man with a scalp nodule with persistent discharge that was resected based on the clinical impression of an EIC. Histopathologic exam showed an infundibular EIC with an epidermal type of squamous epithelium; however, some of the cyst lining and lumen was replaced by squamous proliferation with malignant features. There are 56 cases of SCC arising in EICs reported in the English literature. Though suspected EICs are commonly benign, a thorough pathologic evaluation is required to rule out malignancy.

Eradication Of Enterococcus Faecalis In Conventional Endodontic Retreatments (A Randomized Clinical Trial), Fadl H. Khaled, Roula S. Abiad, Khaled Abd El Galil, Essam Osman

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

Enterococcus faecalis is the most common bacteria isolated in conventional endodontic retreatments. Aim: To compare the impact of three irrigation modalities on the elimination of the isolated microbial strains of Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients requiring conventional endodontic retreatment for one of their mandibular premolars and tested positive for E. faecalis were chosen. Patients were randomly divided into three groups (n=10) according to the irrigation modality to be used; group I: syringe irrigation (NaOCl 2.625%), group II: NaOCl 2.625%+EndoActivator and group III: NaOCl 2.625%+diode laser. Before obturation, samples S2 were collected and PCR analysis was performed to identify …

Baseline Mmp Expression In Periapical Granuloma And Its Relationship With Periapical Wound Healing After Surgical Endodontic Treatment, Muhammad Adeel Ahmed, Muhammad Faraz Anwar, Khalid Ahmed, Marziya Aftab, Fizza Nazim, Muhammad Furqan Bari, Mohammed Mustafa, Fahim Vohra, Ali Alrahlah, Muhammad Nouman Mughal, Syed Hani Abidi

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) catalyzes the degradation of the extracellular matrix components and have a major role in many physiological processes including wound healing. In the current study, we examined the correlation of baseline MMPs 1, 2, 7, and 9 expressions with periapical wound healing after surgical endodontic treatment.
Methods: 27 patients aged between 15 and 57 years presenting with chronic apical periodontitis or chronic apical abscess of an anterior tooth with previously attempted or failed root canal treatment were included in this study. During surgical endodontic treatment, tissue from the periapical lesion sample was collected and used for gross …

Congenital Epulis: A Two-Case Report, Monica Ivanov, Bianca Stroe, Valeriu Ardeleanu, Razvan Hainarosie, Vlad Denis Constantin, Anca Silvia Dumitriu, Stana Paunica, Anna Kadar

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Congenital epulis is a rare benign tumor of the newborn that could be detected in the prenatal period. Females are more often affected than males and the premaxillary region is usually the predilection site for this oral mass. Excision is the treatment of choice and no recurrences have been reported so far.

We present our experience with two cases of congenital epulis, detected in the second trimester of gestation and treated shortly after birth with no further complications. Histopathology should differentiate between congenital epulis and other congenital oral tumors even if its clinical appearance is usually enough to make a …

Concomitant Bilateral Mandibular Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma And Cementoblastoma: Case Report Of An Extremely Rare Occurrence, Madiha Bilal Qureshi, Muhammad Usman Tariq, Jamshid Abdul Ghafar, Muhammad Raza, Nasir Ud Din

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background: Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) and cementoblastoma (CB) are rare benign odontogenic tumors with a predilection for the mandible. Cemento-ossifying fibroma is a fibro-osseous lesion that originates in the tooth bearing areas of jaw and shows cementum-like tissue in a fibrotic stroma. Cementoblastoma is classically related to roots of teeth with the presence of calcified cementum-like material. To date, only a single case of concomitant unilateral COF and CB has been reported in the literature.
Case presentation: We present an unusual case of a 37-year-old female who presented with two discrete bilateral swellings in the right and left mandible for 10 …

A Cbct Based Evaluation Of Root Proximity Of Maxillary Posterior Teeth To Sinus Floor In A Subset Of Pakistani Population, Momina Motiwala, Aysha Arif, Rabia Ghafoor

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To evaluate the vertical relationship of the roots of maxillary posterior teeth with maxillary sinus floor, and its association with age, gender and bilateral jaw symmetry.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi from June to December 2018, and comprised patients who visited the dental clinics and underwent cone-beam computed tomography scans. The scans were evaluated in the axial, coronal and sagittal planes and roots were classified using Jungs classification for proximity to maxillary sinus floor. The distance between the sinus floor and the apices of maxillary posterior teeth was measured. Data was …

Orofacial Manifestations Of Lyme Disease: A Systematic Review, Brenda Bradshaw, Kelsey M. Jones, Joleen M. Westerdale-Mcinnis, Holly Gaff

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose: Orofacial manifestations of Lyme disease can affect head and neck anatomical structures that are frequently examined by dental professionals. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the literature for types and frequencies of orofacial manifestations documented in populations in the United States (US) with Lyme disease.

Methods: Four electronic databases (Dentistry and Oral Sciences, PubMed, Cinahl Plus, and Medline) were systematically searched during the summer of 2019 using keywords and MeSH terms to identify relevant studies. Search term alterations and synonyms were cross-checked using the US National Library of Medicine Unified Medical Language System Metathesaurus. Full-text, English …

Cytokeratin Overexpression In Submandibular Salivary Glands Of Rats Treated With Botulinum Toxin And Epidermal Growth Factor, Mahmoud Bakr, Mahmoud Al Ankily, Mohamed Shamel

Dentistry

Botulinum toxin (BTX) is used in different cosmetic and therapeutic procedures. In dentistry, BTX has been used successfully for management of drooling. BTX injection into salivary glands has damaging adverse effects on all components of the gland. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is well known for its regenerative properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BTX injections on the submandibular salivary glands of adult female Albino rats, when administered solely or in conjunction with EGF through measuring the expression of cytokeratin in the parenchyma of the gland. Sixty rats were used in this study and were …

Comparison Of Antimicrobial Efficacy Of Calcipex And Metapex In Endodontic Treatment Of Chronic Apical Periodontitis: A Randomised Controlled Trial Study Protocol, Momina Motiwala, Saqib Habib, Rabia Ghafoor, Seema Irfan

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Introduction: Various intracanal medicaments have been used in cases of chronic apical periodontitis for appropriate disinfection of the root canal system to eliminate microbes especially from the inaccessible areas. Calcium hydroxide is the most common intracanal medicament available in various forms, but its effectiveness with or without iodoform using microbial culture is unknown. Therefore, our aim is to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Calcipex and Metapex in endodontic treatment of teeth presenting with chronic apical periodontitis by assessing the bacterial load reduction.
Method and analysis: 60 single rooted teeth of patients with diagnosis of chronic apical periodontitis will be selected …

Benign Myoepithelioma Of The Soft Palate: An Unusual Clinical Entity, Marianna Guadalupe Mireles, Angelica Julián, Fabiola Salgado-Chavarría, Guillermo Manuel González

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Myoepitheliomas are rare benign tumours that affect the exocrine glands and are sporadically located in the salivary glands. The most common location of myoepithelioma in the oral cavity is the parotid gland and it is seldom encountered in the palate. The diagnosis of this entity is challenging since its clinical presentation may resemble those of more common neoplasms, rendering a complex histopathological diagnosis. The aim of the present case report is to describe an unusual case of myoepithelioma of the soft palate in a male patient, which developed as an asymptomatic, slowly growing mass. The tumour was assessed with histopathological …

Maxillofacial Prosthodontists Are Needed For The Rehabilitation Of Patients With Congenital And Acquired Craniofacial Defects, Syed Murtaza Raza Kazmi, Farhan Raza Khan

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

No abstract provided.

Photobiostimulatory Effect Of A Single Dose Of Low-Level Laser On Orthodontic Tooth Movement And Pain, Irfan Qamruddin, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Verda Mahroof, Mubassar Fida, Mohd Fadhli Khamis, Adam Husein

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To assess the effect of low-level laser applied at 3 weeks intervals on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and pain using conventional brackets (CB).
Materials and methods: Twenty patients with Angle's class II div 1 (10 males and 10 females; aged 20.25 ± 3.88 years) needing bilateral extractions of maxillary first bicuspids were recruited. Conventional brackets MBT of 0.022 in slot (McLaughlin Bennett Trevisi) prescription braces (Ortho Organizers, Carlsbad, Calif) were bonded. After alignment and levelling phase, cuspid retraction began with nitinol closed coil spring on 19 × 25 stainless steel archwire, wielding 150 gram force. 7.5 J/cm² energy …

Biostimulatory Effects Of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound On Rate Of Orthodontic Tooth Movement And Associated Pain, Applied At 3-Week Intervals: A Split-Mouth Study, Irfan Qamruddin, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Verda Mahroof, Meenaz Karim, Mubassar Fida, Mohd Fadhli Khamis, Adam Husein

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a noninvasive modality to stimulate bone remodeling (BR) and the healing of hard and soft tissues. This research evaluates the biostimulatory effect of LIPUS on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and associated pain, when applied at 3-week intervals.
Methods: Twenty-two patients (11 males and 11 females; mean age 19.18 ± 2.00 years) having Angle's Class II division 1 malocclusion needing bilateral extractions of maxillary first bicuspids were recruited for this split-mouth randomized clinical trial. After the initial stage of alignment and leveling with contemporary edgewise MBT (McLaughlin-Bennett-Trevisi) prescription brackets (Ortho Organizers, Carlsbad, …

Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth In Hypertensive Patients, Haslina Taib, Muhammad Haziq Mohd Radzwan, Muhammad Annurdin Sabaruddin, Wan Majdiah Wan Mohamad, Noraini Mohamad

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Gingival overgrowth (GO) or enlargement is an unwanted effect occurring on the gingiva that commonly associated with medications. Hypertension is a global burden systemic conditions and showed high prevalent and more patients are taking antihypertensive drugs. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) and its associated risk factors among hypertensive patients attending Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. Methods: A total of 42 patients with the mean age of 57.1 (SD=9.3) years had participated in this cross-sectional study. They were recruited if they had consumed anti-hypertensive agents for at least 6 months. Demographic …

Periodontitis As A Potential Risk Factor For Premature Delivery, Ana Turcu-Duminică, Anca Silvia Dumitriu, Stana Paunica, Corina Gică, Radu Botezatu, Nicolae Gică, Gheorghe Peltecu, Anca Maria Panaitescu

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Pregnancy is a particular period of time for a woman, so that it is important to accurately determine the impact of adjacent pathologies on the natural evolution of the nine months of pregnancy. Although there is still much to debate on the association between periodontal disease and pregnancy, the conclusion seems to remain the same: untreated periodontal pathology in pregnancy could have adverse consequences such as premature birth or low birth weight fetuses. Periodontopathies are introduced as risk factors, the novelty of the subject being the association between untreated periodontal pathology and the evolution of pregnancy. The affected periodontal tissue …

Comparison Of Two Different Methods In The Removal Of Oil-Based Calcium Hydroxide From Root Canal System: A Triple-Blinded Randomised Clinical Trial, Momina Motiwala, Sheikh Bilal Badar, Rabia Ghafoor

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of rotary master apical file (RMAF) with ultrasonic activation of endodontic file (UAF) in the removal of silicon oil-based calcium hydroxide (SOBCH) from the canal.
Methods: Ethical review committee approval and informed consent was obtained. 60 cases with necrotic teeth in which silicon oil-based intracanal medicament (Metapex) was to be placed were randomised in one of the two groups using sealed envelopes containing assignment codes for medicament removal: RMAF and UAF group. After standard protocol of coronal access, cleaning and shaping, silicon oil-based SOBCH was placed using a Lentulo spiral. A periapical radiograph was taken …

Relationship Of Natural Occlusal Plane With Different Anatomical Landmarks, Mehwish Khan, Syed Murtaza Raza Kazmi, Farhan Raza Khan, Sameer Quraeshi

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To evaluate the parallelism of natural maxillary occlusal plane with inter-pupillary line and ala-tragus line, and to evaluate the anatomic relationship of natural mandibular occlusal plane with retromolar pad among dentate subjects.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to February 2018 at Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi, and comprised front and profile photographs of subjects aged 20-28 years while holding the camper's plane against the maxillary occlusal plane. The photographs were imported in a software and an interpupillary line was drawn and the angle with Camper's plane was measured. On both profile pictures, lines were drawn …

Management Of Difficult Airway In A Pregnant Patient With Severely Reduced Mouth Opening, Faisal Shamim, Aly Bahadur, Dinaz Ghandhi, Anum Aijaz

Department of Anaesthesia

Pregnancy is associated with a wide variety of oral and dental changes ranging from gingivitis to odontogenic infections. If left untreated, severe dental abscess can progress to Ludwig's angina, which is a potentially lethal cellulitis that rapidly extends to the neck region and may lead to life-threatening upper airway obstruction. We report the case of a pregnant woman who presented with intense throbbing pain, trismus and severely reduced mouth opening due to dental abscess for the last one week. She required incision and drainage of abscess with extraction of third molar under general anaesthesia. There are some significant challenges to …