Dentistry Commons^™

Expert Search For "Antibiotics For The Urgent Management Of Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis, Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis, And Localized Acute Apical Abscess", Kelly K. O'Brien

Expert Search Strategies

This search strategy was constructed to support the research for the peer reviewed article listed above. Full article abstract:

Background

Patients with pulpal and periapical conditions often seek treatment for pain, intraoral swelling, or both. Even when definitive, conservative dental treatment (DCDT) is an option, antibiotics are often prescribed. The purpose of this review was to summarize available evidence regarding the effect of antibiotics, either alone or as adjuncts to DCDT, to treat immunocompetent adults with pulpal and periapical conditions, as well as additional population-level harms associated with antibiotic use.

Type of Studies Reviewed

The authors updated 2 preexisting systematic …

Facial Tissue Changes With Microimplant Assisted Rapid Palatal Expanders, Kevin Shimizu

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Skeletal expansion has been a treatment modality in orthodontics and orthopedics to correct skeletal transverse discrepancies with maxillary constriction. The utilization of microimplants in conjunction with these palatal expanders offers a higher degree of pure skeletal expansion and minimizes the dental side effects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes of the hard and soft tissues of the face after skeletal expansion for orthodontics. Methods: 36 patients who had received successful expansion with a microimplant assisted rapid palatal expander were compared to their pre-expansion records. All patients received CBCTs from which a 3-D analysis configuration was …

Perception Of Bone Mineral Loss On Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (Cbct) & Digital Periapical (Pa) Film: An Ex-Vivo Comparison, David P. Hamm

Theses & Dissertations

Using micro computed tomography (micro-CT) as a reference standard, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the influences of bone mineral loss and radiographic contrast in digital periapical (PA) film and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Seven dog and human mandibles were sectioned, followed by modification via cortical bone drilling to create 248 lesions and/or trabecular bone acid demineralization to create 96 coronal slice pairs. Pretreatment and post-treatment radiographs (PA, CBCT, and/or micro-CT) were taken for lesion rating/perception in addition to two-dimensional (area) and three-dimensional (volumetric) measurements of 50 drilling lesions and 20 coronal slice pairs. 4-7% bone mineral loss …

Efficacy Of A Dissolvable Strip With Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate (Novamin®) In Providing Rapid Dentine Hypersensitivity Relief, John Gallob, Martin R. Ling, Pejmon Amini, Avinash Patil, Mounir Atassi

Dental Medicine Faculty Research

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of a dissolvable strip containing 15% w/w calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) (Novamin®) in providing rapid relief from dentine hypersensitivity (DH). Methods In this examiner-blind, proof-of-principle study, 120 healthy adults with DH were randomized 1:1 to the Test strip, professionally applied to facial surfaces of two selected teeth, or to No treatment. Sensitivity was assessed at baseline and 10 min, 2 h and 4 h post-application in response to evaporative (air) and tactile stimuli (measured by Schiff sensitivity scale/a numeric rating scale and tactile threshold, respectively). Change from baseline was analyzed by ANCOVA. Results At 10 …

Xerostomia: A Comprehensive Review, Danevin Putrus

Honors College Theses

This thesis will be highlighting the condition known as Xerostomia. Xerostomia is the condition also known as “dry mouth”. This condition affects many people all throughout the world with symptoms causing bad breath, discomfort, difficulty speaking and many other. The seriousness of this condition can lead to cardiovascular disease, dementia, respiratory infections, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and even cancer (Absolutedental.com). Currently there is not any one specific solution for the condition although many have been proposed. Throughout the thesis I will closely examine former research studies, current solutions proposed, and propose my own study and solution based on research and …

Root And Canal Morphology Of Maxillary Premolar Teeth In An Egyptian Subpopulation Using Two Classification Systems: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study, Shehabeldin Mohamed Saber Prof.Dr.

Dentistry

Aim: To investigate the number of roots and root canal configurations using two coding systems and the root canal diverging and merging levels in extracted maxillary premolars in an Egyptian subpopulation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methodology: A total of 700 maxillary premolars were examined using CBCT in an Egyptian subpopulation. The number of roots was identified, and root canal configurations were classified according to Vertucci's classification and a new system for classifying root and canal morphology. In addition, the position where roots bifurcated and the levels where canals merged or diverged were identified. Fisher's exact test and independent …

Antibiotics And Antimicrobial Resistance: An Evaluation Of The Knowledge, Attitude And Perception Among Dental Students And Academic Deans And Department Chairs Within U.S. Dental Schools, Magdalena S. Holz

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: This study aimed to survey current 3^rd and 4^th year dental students, academic deans, and department chairs within U.S. dental schools to analyze the level of understanding; education; guidelines; and overall awareness regarding antibiotic use within dentistry and antimicrobial resistance.

Methods: A 25-question survey intended for 3^rd and 4^th year dental students and a 20-question survey intended for academic deans and various department chairs of U.S dental schools were each developed utilizing REDCap. The survey invitations were sent via e-mail to the current academic dean of each U.S. dental school for distribution.

Results: There were …

Postoperative Pain After Single Visit Root Canal Treatment Using Multiple Rotary Files And Single Reciprocating File Instrumentation Techniques In Asymptomatic Mandibular Molars With Necrotic Pulps: A Randomized Control Clinical Trial, Mostafa M.A. Elkholy, Kariem M. El Batouty, Ehab Hassanein

Dentistry

Aim This prospective clinical study compared postoperative pain following single visit root canal treatment in patients with asymptomatic mandibular molar teeth with necrotic pulps using two different instrumentation techniques: multi-file rotary (ProTaper Universal), and reciprocating single-file (WaveOne) techniques.

Methodology Forty patients, who fulfilled specific inclusion criteria were randomly and equally assigned to 2 groups according to the root canal instrumentation technique used. All treatments were performed in one appointment. Patients were asked to complete a numerical rating scale (NRS) for recording pain levels at 6, 12, 24, 72 h and at 1 week postoperative intervals. In addition, the Face Pain …

Management Of The Open Apex Using A Bioceramic Apical Barrier: Success And Survival Rates At Virginia Commonwealth University, Adam Sarnowski

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of treatment of teeth with open apices managed by the orthograde placement of a bioceramic apical barrier as well as to identify potential outcome factors for this type of treatment. Methods: Patient records were pooled from graduate resident cases completed at Virginia Commonwealth University between January 1, 2010 and May 31, 2018. A total of 515 patients were identified using relevant ADA codes and a key word search within the patient record database. A total of 104 patients (119 teeth) had an open apex that had NSRCT utilizing a …

Impact On Bacterial Micro-Leakage In Exposed Root Canal Obturation Material In Teeth Irrigated With Different Solutions, Khalifa W. Alhaddad

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Determine the timeframe of bacterial penetration that occurs to the apex when obturation material (gutta percha) is exposed to bacteria for a set period of time (45 days) and to determine if bacterial penetration of the obturated root is influenced by the type of irrigant used during the final rinse (17% EDTA vs 2% Chlorhexidine vs full strength 5.25% NaOCl). Methods: Thirty-six extracted teeth, including six controls, were instrumented and irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl followed by a final rinse of either: 17% EDTA, 2% Chlorhexidine, or 5.25% NaOCl, and then obturated. Each root was suspended between two chambers: the …

Evaluation And Comparison Of Periapical Healing Using Periapical Films And Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Post-Treatment Follow Up, Adam S. Polinsky

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the radiographic changes in periapical status and analysis of healing determined using periapical radiographs (PA) versus cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) pre-operatively and at 3-64 months following endodontic treatment.

Methods: Pre/post treatment radiograph and CBCT scans of patients who had NSRCT, NSReTx, or SRCT from July 2011-December 2018 at VCU Graduate Endodontic clinic were included in this study. Volumetric and linear measurements of periapical lesions on initial and recall PA and CBCT images were performed using three calibrated examiners. Changes and differences in the estimated area from PA to CBCT were …

Influence Of Curved Root Canal On Retreatment Efficacy Of Bioceramic Sealer, Kasemsun Sujaritwanit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study evaluated the influence of a curved root canal on the retreatment efficacy of root canals sealed with bioceramic sealer. 60 mandibular molars were divided into 4 subgroups of severely curved canal filled with AH Plus, slightly curved canal filled with AH Plus, severely curved canal filled with BioRoot RCS and slightly curved canal filled with BioRoot. Two weeks after root canal obturation, retreatment was performed with WaveOne Gold Primary and ProTaper Next X3 following with passive ultrasonic irrigation. The retreatment efficacy parameters were regaining canal patency, retreatment time and residual filling material. MicroCT and confocal microscope were used …

Pain Relief Knowledge, History, And Expectations Among Emergency Dental Patients, Daniel C. Brawley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction

Dentists frequently treat and manage patients with acute dental pain. Patients often seek care to treat their pain. As a part of that treatment, it is common for providers to use both prescription and non-prescription medications in the management of the patient’s dental pain. This study focused on understanding the patient’s knowledge, history and expectations regarding prescription and non-prescription medication in the management of their dental pain.

Methods

A self-report survey was developed, using Likert-type scales, consisting of 32 items, including standardized, psychometrically-tested instruments. The survey was administered to 108 adult outpatients who reported to the West Virginia University …

Assessment Of Fracture Resistance Of Maxillary First Molars After Root Canal Preparation Using Three Different Rotary Instruments (V-Taper, Protaper, Vortex Blue): Finite Element Analysis, Mehran Malakpour

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction: Long term success of endodontically treated teeth has been one of the most challenging aspects of the field of endodontics due to reduced fracture resistance of these teeth. Recently, researchers have heightened focus on conservative endodontics in order to sustain the tooth integrity, and reduce factors impacting the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. As a result, rotary instrument manufacturers have developed files that have a minimal effect on original root canal anatomy. This study used Finite Element Analysis to investigate the dental biomechanical effect of rotary instrumentation during root canal therapy. The aim of this study is to …

Factors Effecting Survival Of Teeth With Nonsurgical Root Canal Therapy Including A Multi-State Outcome Analysis, Alex Moore

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objective: To study the factors effecting the survival of teeth with non-surgical root canal therapy (NS-RCT) and to compare the transitions between failure states for teeth treated with NS-RCT based on initial provider type. Methods: Insurance claims were analyzed for 438,487 initial NS-RCT procedures to determine the effect of provider type, patient age, tooth position, presence of post/core, and crown at 90 days on tooth survival. Kaplan Meier survival estimates were evaluated for 1, 3, 5, and 10 years and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR’s) were calculated. A multi-state model with six transitions was created using the ‘mstate’ R package. Results: …

Change In Working Length At Different Stages Of Instrumentation As A Function Of Canal Curvature, Mei Tang, Garry L. Myers, Richard D. Archer, Al M. Best

Graduate Research Posters

The aim of this study was to determine the change in working length (∆WL) before and after coronal flaring and after complete rotary instrumentation as a function of canal curvature. One mesiobuccal or mesiolingual canal from each of 43 extracted molars had coronal standardization and access performed. Once the access was completed, canal preparation was accomplished using Gates Glidden drills for coronal flaring and EndoSequence files for rotary instrumentation. WLs were obtained at 3 time points: pre-instrumentation (unflared), mid-instrumentation (flared) and post-instrumentation (concluded). Measurements were made via direct visualization (DV) and the CanalPro apex locator (EM) in triplicate by a …

The Effect Of Instrumentation Taper On Dentin Conservation, Megan E. Green

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was two part. The first being to assess and compare the amount of dentin removed by an instrument with a taper of 0.04 versus an instrument with a taper of 0.06 using the Edge Evolve® file system at different increments within the canal system. Secondly, this study evaluated whether instrumentation with either taper resulted in a remaining dentin thickness (RDT) of less than 0.3mm. If this RDT was imposed upon, fracture resistance was compromised. Both pre and post instrumentation measurements were taken of samples instrumented with the 0.04 and 0.06 tapered files. …

The Efficacy Of Copper Iodide Nanoparticle-Augmented Mta Against Enterococcus Faecalis: A Confocal Microscopy Study, Craig Alan Atchison

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: The introduction of metallic nanoparticles such as copper into medical materials has shown promising results in terms of antimicrobial activity. A novel material incorporating nanoparticles could be useful in combating bacterial biofilms and improving long-term success rates in endodontic therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of mineral trioxide aggregate disks augmented with copper iodide nanoparticles on a biofilm of E. faecalis and compare the results with non-augmented control MTA in the same conditions using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Methods: Fabricated disks were made up of control, non-augmented MTA or copper iodide nanoparticle-augmented MTA …

Effects Of Blood Contamination On Chemical Composition And Ion Releasing Of Calcium Silicate-Based Materials, Nareerat Thanavibu

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study assessed the effects of blood contamination on the chemical composition and ion release of calcium silicate-based materials. ProRoot MTA (WMTA), Biodentine and TotalFill BC RRM putty (TRRM) were investigated. Materials were exposed to blood (blood-contaminated condition) or normal saline (non-blood-contaminated condition) for 24 hours. Three samples of each group were analysed for chemical composition using X-ray diffractometer and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectoscope with a scanning electron microscope after immersed in phosphate-buffered saline for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. Five samples of each group were used to measure pH and ion release using a pH meter and inductively …

Effectiveness Of Different Root Canal Disinfection Protocols On The Reduction Of Bacteria In Large Root Canals, Parnwad Sasanakul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Introduction: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of disinfection methods and determine the most promising irrigation protocol for regenerative endodontics in teeth with large root canals. Methods: Sterilized root samples with 0.8-mm wide apical foramen (n=94) were prepared from human mandibular premolars. Ninety-two samples were infected with E. faecalis for 21 days and biofilm formation was verified using scanning electron microscopy (n=2). The 90 infected samples were randomly assigned into 9 groups: no intervention (initial), 1.5% NaOCl irrigation (1.5N), 2.5% NaOCl irrigation (2.5N), 1.5N + intermittent passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), 1.5N + intermittent canal brushing with …

Potential Antimicrobial Methods For Provisionalizing Teeth After Endodontic Treatment, Laura T. Garden

Theses and Dissertations

POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL METHODS FOR PROVISIONALIZING TEETH AFTER ENDODONTIC TREATMENT

By Laura T. Garden, DDS

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University.

Virginia Commonwealth University, 2018

Thesis Advisor: Garry Myers, DDS

Department of Endodontics

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of a Chlorhexidine soaked cotton pellet on bacterial leakage.

Methods: Fifty-one extracted teeth, including six controls, were instrumented, obturated, and sealed with either a cotton pellet (CP), 2% Chlorhexidine soaked cotton pellet (CHX), or a Permaflo orifice barrier (OB). Each root was suspended between two chambers: the …

Change In Working Length At Different Stages Of Instrumentation As A Function Of Canal Curvature, Mei Tang

Theses and Dissertations

The aim of this study was to determine the change in working length (∆WL) before and after coronal flaring and after complete rotary instrumentation as a function of canal curvature. One mesiobuccal or mesiolingual canal from each of 43 extracted molars had coronal standardization and access performed. Once the access was completed, canal preparation was accomplished using Gates Glidden drills for coronal flaring and EndoSequence files for rotary instrumentation. WLs were obtained at 3 time points: pre-instrumentation (unflared), mid-instrumentation (flared) and post-instrumentation (concluded). Measurements were made via direct visualization (DV) and the CanalPro apex locator (EM) in triplicate by a …

Observations Of Trends And Successes Of Revascularization Therapy At Virginia Commonwealth University: A Retrospective Study, Richard W. Sedwick

Theses and Dissertations

The aim of this study was to determine the trends in protocol, success rates, and consistency in follow up of revascularization procedures in a controlled environment. Patients of the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry were identified who were offered revascularization therapy as a treatment option on immature permanent teeth from January 1, 2010 to May 31, 2017. A total of 77 patients and 78 teeth were evaluated for revascularization therapy. For patients accepting treatment, records were reviewed for outcome assessment and consistency of follow up. A total of 30 patients (31 teeth) were treated following revascularization protocols, with only …

Clinical Cases In Endodontics; Chapter 1: Introduction, Takashi Komabayashi

Dental Medicine Faculty Publications

Chapter 1 of Clinical Cases in Endodontics, a problem-based text that presents a wide range of real cases in endodontics. Clinical Cases in Endodontics presents actual clinical cases, accompanied by academic commentary, that question and educate the reader about essential topics in endodontic therapy. It begins with sets of cases illustrating the most common diagnoses and the steps involved in preparing a treatment plan. Subsequent chapters continue in this style, presenting exemplary cases as the basis of discussing various treatment options, including nonsurgical root canal treatment, re-treatment, periapical surgery, internal and external resorption, emergencies and trauma, and treating incompletely developed …

Viability Of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts After Time In Tooth Storage Media, Scott Macdonald

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Periodontal ligament cell viability at the time of tooth replantation is of utmost importance for proper repair of the damaged tissues (1). Multiple different options are currently available for storage of an avulsed tooth. The goal of this study was to investigate new storage media and evaluate their ability to maintain cell viability over time. Materials and Methods: Cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLF) were seeded on 96-well plates. These cells were exposed to different storage media including: Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), EMT Toothsaver (EMT), Save-A-Tooth (SAT), trehalose (T300), cell culture media, water, and different formulations of HBSS combined …

Survival Rates Of Primary Endodontic Therapy Following Core/Post And Crown Placement, Kandace Yee

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine if a correlation exists between the time to core or post and core (core/post) placement following non-surgical root canal therapy (NS RCT), the time to crown placement following core/post placement, and the incidence of an untoward event. Materials and Methods: Utilizing the Delta Dental of Wisconsin Insurance Database, information was analyzed from 476,479 initial NS RCT procedures. Of these teeth, 160,040 had a core/post and a crown placed before the end of the continuous coverage period or occurrence of an untoward event. Untoward events were defined as having a retreatment, apicoectomy, …

Qmix 2in1 And Naoci Precipitate: Documentation, Identification, And Exothermic Reaction, Gordon L. Barkley Iii

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to document and identify precipitate formation and exothermic reaction caused when mixing NaOCl and QMiX. Methods: Photography captured time-dependent changes when mixing NaOCl and QMiX at; 0 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was utilized in determination of heat flow while analyzing temperature change (°C), enthalpy (mJ), and time (seconds) for NaOCl with QMiX and NaOCl with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and 2D NMR (DOSY) spectroscopy analyzed precipitation formed from NaOCl and QMiX. Results: Digital photography documented immediate, …

Prevalence And Clinical Characteristics Of Teeth Extracted With A Diagnosis Of Cracked Tooth: A Retrospective Study, Riley B. Sturgill

Theses and Dissertations

The body of knowledge that exists regarding cracked teeth is limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cracks among extracted teeth. This retrospective longitudinal cohort study included patients of the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry that underwent extraction procedures over a 6 year period. The sample consisted of 20,408 patients and 40,870 teeth. Statistical analysis software was used to identify diagnoses of a crack, fracture, or split tooth prior to extraction of the tooth by analyzing the Electronic Health Record (EHR) (axiUm™, Version 6.03.03.1035, Exan Corporation, Vancouver, BC, Canada). There were 3,228 teeth …

Evaluation Of Volumetric Change Of Periapical Lesions After Apicoectomy As A Measure Of Postsurgical Healing Utilizing Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Eshwar Arasu

Theses and Dissertations

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether volumetric changes in persistent periapical lesions can be detected in follow-ups six months to five years after apicoectomy using cone-beam computed tomography. Patients with a previous treatment history of apicoectomy and for whom a pre-surgical CBCT scan was taken between November 2010 and December 2015 were invited to participate in the study. A post-surgical CBCT image of the treated tooth was obtained at the recall visit. Volumetric and linear measurements of periapical lesions on initial and postoperative CBCT images were performed using DiThreshGUI software and two calibrated examiners—a board-certified endodontist and …

A Comparative Study Of Intraradicular Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm Removal With Three Root Canal Treatment Systems: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation, Cyrous Ardalan

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biofilm removal efficacy of three root canal treatment systems: ProUltra® PiezoFlow™, traditional needle irrigation, and the GentleWave® system in an ex-vivo benchtop study. Twenty-four extracted maxillary and mandibular molars were selected. Teeth were all instrumented to a master apical file size #25 with 4% taper. Teeth were then randomly divided into four experimental groups and two control groups. The root canals were inoculated with a culture of Enterococcus faecalis and incubated for five weeks to form a biofilm. Each group was then treated with one of the different root canal treatment …