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Articles 331 - 360 of 461

Full-Text Articles in Communication Sciences and Disorders

Syntactic Complexity In Persons With Multiple Sclerosis, Katherine A. King Jul 2009

Syntactic Complexity In Persons With Multiple Sclerosis, Katherine A. King

Theses and Dissertations

Several studies using standardized tests have provided evidence for the presence of language disorders in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and have suggested that persons with MS may have language that is less complex. One aspect not thoroughly studied is that of syntactic complexity in naturalistic, conversational settings. The present study collected language samples from 10 adults with MS and 10 age-matched controls and compared scores on five quantitative measures derived from those samples. No significant differences were found between groups on any measure. This finding suggests that in mild cases of MS or during periods of remission, individuals may …

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The Variability In Children With Specific Language Impairment Compared To Children With Typical Language Development, Heather Michelle Wilde Jul 2009

The Variability In Children With Specific Language Impairment Compared To Children With Typical Language Development, Heather Michelle Wilde

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine whether children with specific language impairment (SLI) are more or less variable than children with typically developing language. In addition, the within child variability for children with SLI was analyzed to consider how heterogeneity influenced identification of areas of linguistic strengths and weaknesses in this population. Fifty seven children with SLI, 7:0–11:0, and fifty seven of their peers with typically developing language were assessed using five subtests and a composite language score from the Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language (CASL) (Carrow-Woolfolk, 1999). The children with typically developing language were significantly more variable …

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A Perceptual Evaluation Of The Effect Of A Pseudopalate On Voiceless Obstruent Production And Motor Adaptation, Megan Ann Cannon Williams Jun 2009

A Perceptual Evaluation Of The Effect Of A Pseudopalate On Voiceless Obstruent Production And Motor Adaptation, Megan Ann Cannon Williams

Theses and Dissertations

Electropalatography (EPG) has proven to be a useful clinical and research tool for measuring tongue-to-palate contact. Research has shown sensorimotor adaptation to an EPG device may be possible following a short period of speech practice. This study was developed in order to better understand how a listeners' perception of speech clarity is effected by the presence of a relatively thin artificial pseudopalate in the speakers' oral cavity. Twenty listeners rated 220 speech stimuli on a visual analog scale ranging from normal to very distorted speech clarity. The stimuli included two different American English sentences. Speech clarity ratings were looked at …

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The Effects Of Intensive Lower Limb Training On The Speech Of Patients With Parkinson's Disease, Lauren Fjeldsted Allen Jun 2009

The Effects Of Intensive Lower Limb Training On The Speech Of Patients With Parkinson's Disease, Lauren Fjeldsted Allen

Theses and Dissertations

Research has documented the positive effects of physical therapy as a treatment for limb motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies have shown that speech and voice measures can be reflective of overall cardiovascular health and fitness in young, middle-aged, and older adults. In healthy individuals, increased respiratory drive has been found to influence vocal function and speech articulation. The rationale for the present study was that improved lower limb function might lead to improvements in overall fitness, which then may influence speech in individuals with Parkinson's disease. To investigate this premise, 10 participants diagnosed with mild to …

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The Effect Of Fatigue On Acoustic Measures Of Diphthongs In Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis, Kristi Lee Hollis Jun 2009

The Effect Of Fatigue On Acoustic Measures Of Diphthongs In Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis, Kristi Lee Hollis

Theses and Dissertations

Although recent literature suggests that fatigue influences the communication of people with multiple sclerosis (MS), its relationship to acoustic measures of speech, specifically formant transitions during diphthongs, has not been explored. In the present study, 11 participants diagnosed with MS, two of whom were perceptually dysarthric, and 12 control subjects were recorded as they performed selected speech tasks in both the morning and the afternoon. Before each recording session, participants rated their fatigue level. The participants with MS gave significantly higher ratings of fatigue than the control group. The speakers with MS had longer diphthong durations in a non-fatigued state, …

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Finish-A-Rhyme-Story: A Rhyme Cloze Assessment For Preschool Children, Kimberly Jeanne Condie Jun 2009

Finish-A-Rhyme-Story: A Rhyme Cloze Assessment For Preschool Children, Kimberly Jeanne Condie

Theses and Dissertations

Educators need measurement tools to determine phonological awareness in young children. This study investigated the appropriateness of rhyme cloze tasks, referred to as Finish-a-Rhyme-Story items, which were designed to measure preschool and kindergarten children's early rhyme development. The rhyme cloze tasks required children to verbally complete a sentence by filling in a final rhyming word that matched a rhyme pattern highlighted in a short story that was read aloud to them. The task required rhyme awareness as well as comprehension of the language in the story. Twenty-four items were individually administered to preschool (n = 207) and kindergarten (n = …

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Validity Of Seven Syntactic Analyses Performed By The Computerized Profiling Software, Stacy Lynn Minch Jun 2009

Validity Of Seven Syntactic Analyses Performed By The Computerized Profiling Software, Stacy Lynn Minch

Theses and Dissertations

The Computerized Profiling (CP) software extracts several quantitative measures from a transcribed sample of a client's language. These analyses include the Mean Length of Utterance in Words (MLU-W) and in Morphemes (MLU-M), the Mean Syntactic Length (MSL), the Syntactic Complexity Score (SCS), Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS), the Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn), and the Picture-Elicited Screening Procedure for LARSP (PSL). The validity of these measures was examined by comparing them to the number of finite nominal, adverbial, and relative clauses contained in samples from 54 first-, 48 third-, and 48 fifth-grade students and 24 young adults. The DSS and SCS …

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Psychometrically Equivalent Monosyllabic Words For Word Recognition Testing In Mongolian., Valarie Nicole Haslam Jun 2009

Psychometrically Equivalent Monosyllabic Words For Word Recognition Testing In Mongolian., Valarie Nicole Haslam

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to record a set of Mongolian monosyllabic word lists that could be used to obtain a word recognition score. A word list was developed of 190 frequently used monosyllabic words which had been selected by a group of raters. Native male and female Mongolian talkers were utilized to make digital recordings. The 190 words were divided into 10 lists of 19 words. The lists were presented to 20 normally hearing subjects at 10 different intensity levels ranging from -5 to 40 dB HL in 5 dB increments. An S-curve distribution was used to divide …

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A Comparison Of Seven Automated Measures Of Syntactic Complexity, Laura Elizabeth Wilde Jun 2009

A Comparison Of Seven Automated Measures Of Syntactic Complexity, Laura Elizabeth Wilde

Theses and Dissertations

This study compared seven syntactic measures which can be automatically generated by the Computerized Profiling (CP) software: Mean Length of Utterance in morphemes or words (MLUm or MLUw), Mean Syntactic Length (MSL), the Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn), the Picture Elicited Scoring Procedure (PESP) for the Language Analysis Remediation and Screening Profile (LARSP), the Syntactic Complexity Score (MSC) scoring of LARSP, and Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS). Language samples came from 192 children, 106 typically developing children, ages 5;6 to 11;2 and 86 children with language impairment, ages 5;6 to 11;1. Patterns of correlation were consistent for children with or without …

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Phonemic Categorization Of Eight-To-Ten Year Old Children With An Articulation Disorder, Marjorie A. Smith Jun 2009

Phonemic Categorization Of Eight-To-Ten Year Old Children With An Articulation Disorder, Marjorie A. Smith

Theses and Dissertations

Phonemic categorization is the ability to discriminate and organize speech sounds into categories. This ability begins soon after birth and continues to refine as an individual matures. An association between categorical labeling and phonological awareness has been reported. A strong link between perception and production has been established. The present study examined phonemic categorization of two groups of four listeners. Eight-to ten-year-old children with an articulation disorder were compared with typically speaking peers to determine if the two groups differed in their ability to categorize speech sounds. Behavioral and electrophysiological measures were used to ascertain if any differences existed. These …

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Psychometrically Equivalent Bisyllabic Word-Lists For Word Recognition Testing In Spanish, Anna M. Taylor Apr 2009

Psychometrically Equivalent Bisyllabic Word-Lists For Word Recognition Testing In Spanish, Anna M. Taylor

Theses and Dissertations

The aim of this study was to develop, digitally record, evaluate, and psychometrically equate a set of Spanish bisyllabic word lists to be used for word recognition testing. Frequently used bisyllabic words were selected and digitally recorded by male and female Spanish talkers. Twenty normally hearing subjects were presented each word to find the percentage of words which they could correctly recognize. Each word was measured at 10 intensity levels (-5 to 40 dB HL) in increments of 5 dB. Chisquare analysis was used to determine the equivalency among the final four psychometrically equivalent word lists of 50 words, and …

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Psychometrically Equivalent Bisyllabic Words For Speech Reception Threshold Testing In Mongolian, Kristen Nicole Gilbert Apr 2009

Psychometrically Equivalent Bisyllabic Words For Speech Reception Threshold Testing In Mongolian, Kristen Nicole Gilbert

Theses and Dissertations

Speech audiometry is an important aspect of audiological testing. One aspect of speech audiometry is the measurement of an individual's speech reception threshold (SRT). Materials needed to measure the SRT are available in many languages; however, recorded materials for the Mongolian Language are not widely available. The purpose of this study was to develop a list of psychometrically equivalent words for evaluating the hearing abilities of native Mongolian speaking individuals. A set of 90 commonly used bisyllabic Mongolian words were digitally recorded by a male and female talker of Mongolian and then evaluated by 20 native Mongolian listeners. A final …

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The Relationship Of Language And Emotion Understanding To Sociable Behavior Of Children With Language Impairment, Jami L. Potter Mar 2009

The Relationship Of Language And Emotion Understanding To Sociable Behavior Of Children With Language Impairment, Jami L. Potter

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between emotion understanding and language ability to the sociable behavior in children with language impairment (LI) and their typically developing peers. Twenty-nine children with LI and 29 age- and gender-matched peers with typical language were used in this study. Sociability was rated by his/her classroom teacher using the Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (Hart & Robinson, 1996). Language ability was assessed using the Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language (Carrow-Woolfolk, 1999). To assess emotion understanding, each participant was asked to perform several structural dissemblance tasks. Children with LI received scores significantly lower …

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The Effect Of Simulated Nodules On Vocal Fold Movement In A Two Layer Synthetic Model, Rachelle Nevitt Rauma Mar 2009

The Effect Of Simulated Nodules On Vocal Fold Movement In A Two Layer Synthetic Model, Rachelle Nevitt Rauma

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the differences between normal vocal fold vibration and the movement patterns of vocal folds with mass lesions by means of a synthetic model. The experimenter molded and cast three sets of vocal folds, representing normal structure, small nodules, and larger nodules. Acoustic, aerodynamic, and digital video signals were recorded and analyzed in order to quantify air flow and pressure, measure vibratory stability, and visually assess closure patterns across the three structural conditions. Statistical analysis revealed that the presence of vocal nodules resulted in a significantly higher onset pressure, fundamental frequency, airflow at onset, and offset pressure. However, …

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The Social Strategies And Goals Of Children With Language Impairment And Typically Developing Children, Veronica Gardner Mar 2009

The Social Strategies And Goals Of Children With Language Impairment And Typically Developing Children, Veronica Gardner

Theses and Dissertations

Past research has indicated that children with language impairment (LI) struggle more than children with typical language in their social interactions (Fujiki, Brinton, & Todd, 1999). The purpose of this study was to determine if the social strategies and goals of children with LI varied from those of children with typically developing language. A social goals questionnaire was used to determine the strategies the children verbally indicated that they would use. The children were then asked why they would use the selected strategy. The responses were then separated into goal categories. A chi-square analysis indicated that children with LI varied …

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Automated Identification Of Adverbial Clauses In Child Language Samples, Jessica Celeste Clark Mar 2009

Automated Identification Of Adverbial Clauses In Child Language Samples, Jessica Celeste Clark

Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, computer software has been used to assist in the analysis of clinical language samples. However, this software has been unable to accurately identify complex syntactic structures such as adverbial clauses. Complex structures, including the adverbial clause, are of interest in child language due to differences in the development of this structure between children with and without language impairment. The present study investigated the accuracy of new software, called Cx, in identifying adverbial clauses. Two separate collections of language samples were used. One collection included 10 children with language impairment, 10 age-matched peers, and 10 language-matched peers. A …

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Exploring The Phonatory Effects Of External Superior Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis: An In Vivo Model, Christopher Dromey, Nelson Roy, Marshall E. Smith, Jonathan Redd, Skylee Neff, Doug Grennan Mar 2009

Exploring The Phonatory Effects Of External Superior Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis: An In Vivo Model, Christopher Dromey, Nelson Roy, Marshall E. Smith, Jonathan Redd, Skylee Neff, Doug Grennan

Faculty Publications

Objectives/Hypothesis: Little is known regarding the phonatory consequences of unilateral external superior laryngeal nerve (ESLN) paralysis. By selectively blocking the ESLN with lidocaine HCl (with laryngeal electromyography verification), we modeled acute, unilateral cricothyroid (CT) muscle dysfunction to explore possible acoustic, aerodynamic, auditory-perceptual and auto-perceptive effects. Study Design: Prospective, repeated measures, experimental design. Methods: Ten, vocally-normal adult males underwent lidocaine block of the right ESLN. Multiple measures of phonatory function across a variety of vocal tasks/conditions were acquired before and during the block using standard data acquisition and analysis protocols. Results: During ESLN block, phonatory frequency range was significantly reduced with …

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Associations Between Linguapalatal Contact Patterns And Spectral Moments For /S/, Leslie Leatham Bennett Mar 2009

Associations Between Linguapalatal Contact Patterns And Spectral Moments For /S/, Leslie Leatham Bennett

Theses and Dissertations

Both acoustic and palatographic measures have proven to be useful in speech science research. However, it is not known how closely or consistently these two measures are associated with each other. Therefore, this study investigated the association between changes in tongue-to-palate contact patterns and simultaneous changes in acoustic spectral moments for the fricative /s/. Twenty adults were fitted with pseudopalates and repeated VCV nonsense syllables consisting of an initial schwa followed by the target consonant /s/ and ending with one of three corner vowels (/i, ɑ, u/). EPG (electropalatography) data were quantified using three custom numerical indices (s-narrow, s-wide, and …

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Automated Identification Of Relative Clauses In Child Language Samples, Hali Anne Michaelis Feb 2009

Automated Identification Of Relative Clauses In Child Language Samples, Hali Anne Michaelis

Theses and Dissertations

Previously existing computer analysis programs have been unable to correctly identify many complex syntactic structures thus requiring further manual analysis by the clinician. Complex structures, including the relative clause, are of interest in child language samples due to the difference in development between children with and without language impairment. The purpose of this study was to assess the comparability of results from a new automated program, Cx, to results from manual identification of relative clauses. On language samples from 10 children with language impairment (LI), 10 language matched peers (LA), and 10 chronologically age matched peers (CA), a computerized analysis …

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Psychometrically Equivalent Trisyllabic Words For Speech Reception Threshold Testing In Spanish, Laurel Anne Keller Jan 2009

Psychometrically Equivalent Trisyllabic Words For Speech Reception Threshold Testing In Spanish, Laurel Anne Keller

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to develop, digitally record, evaluate, and equate Spanish trisyllabic words which could then be used in the measurement of the speech reception threshold. A selection of 90 frequently utilized trisyllabic words were selected and then digitally recorded by male and female talkers of Spanish and presented to 20 subjects with normal hearing beginning at 6 dB below their pure-tone average (PTA) and ascending in 2 dB increments until one of the following criteria had been met: (a) the participant responded correctly to 100% of the test items, or (b) the presentation level reached 16 …

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Estimating Dysphonia Severity In Continuous Speech: Application Of A Multi-Parameter Spectral/Cepstral Model, Christopher Dromey, Shaheen N. Awan, Nelson Roy Jan 2009

Estimating Dysphonia Severity In Continuous Speech: Application Of A Multi-Parameter Spectral/Cepstral Model, Christopher Dromey, Shaheen N. Awan, Nelson Roy

Faculty Publications

The purpose of the study was to identify a sub-set of spectral/cepstral-based analysis methods that would most effectively predict dysphonia severity (as estimated via auditory-perceptual analysis) in samples of continuous speech. Acoustic estimates of dysphonia severity were used as an objective treatment outcomes measure in a set of pre- vs post-treatment speech samples. Pre- and post-treatment continuous speech samples from 104 females with primary muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) were rated by listeners using a 100 point visual analogue scale (VAS) and analysed acoustically with spectral/cepstral-based measures. Stepwise linear regression produced a three-factor model consisting of the cepstral peak prominence (CPP); …

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An In Vivo Model Of External Superior Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis: Laryngoscopic Findings, Christopher Dromey, Michael E. Barton, Marshall E. Smith, Ray M. Merrill, Cara Sauder, Nelson Roy Jan 2009

An In Vivo Model Of External Superior Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis: Laryngoscopic Findings, Christopher Dromey, Michael E. Barton, Marshall E. Smith, Ray M. Merrill, Cara Sauder, Nelson Roy

Faculty Publications

Objectives/Hypothesis: For over 100 years, a controversy has existed regarding the laryngeal signs that should be considered pathognomonic of unilateral external superior laryngeal nerve (ESLN) paralysis. By selectively blocking the ESLN using lidocaine, we attempted to identify the salient laryngeal features associated with acute, unilateral cricothyroid(CT) muscle dysfunction. Study Design: Prospective, repeated measures, experimental design. Methods: Ten vocally normal adult males under-went lidocaine block of the right ESLN with laryngeal electromyography verification. Flexible videolaryngostroboscopic (FVLS) recordings were acquired before and during the block. Eleven blinded, expert judges, rated randomized pre- versus during block recordings of 10 vocal tasks using standardized …

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Articulatory Changes In Muscle Tension Dysphonia: Evidence Of Vowel Space Expansion Following Manual Circumlaryngeal Therapy, Christopher Dromey, Nelson Roy, Shawn L. Nissen, Shimon Sapir Jan 2009

Articulatory Changes In Muscle Tension Dysphonia: Evidence Of Vowel Space Expansion Following Manual Circumlaryngeal Therapy, Christopher Dromey, Nelson Roy, Shawn L. Nissen, Shimon Sapir

Faculty Publications

In a preliminary study, we documented significant changes in formant transitions associated with successful manual circumlaryngeal treatment (MCT) of muscle tension dysphonia (MTD), suggesting improvement in speech articulation. The present study explores further the effects of MTD on vowel articulation by means of additional vowel acoustic measures. Pre- and post-treatment audio recordings of 111 women with MTD were analyzed acoustically using two measures: vowel space area (VSA) and vowel articulation index (VAI), constructed using the first (F1) and second (F2) formants of 4 point vowels/ ", i, æ, u/, extracted from eight words within a standard reading passage. Pairwise t-tests …

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Acoustic And Spectral Patterns In Young Children’S Stop Consonant Productions, Shawn L. Nissen, Robert Allen Fox Jan 2009

Acoustic And Spectral Patterns In Young Children’S Stop Consonant Productions, Shawn L. Nissen, Robert Allen Fox

Faculty Publications

The aim of this study was to examine the acoustic and spectral patterns of stop articulation in the speech of pre-pubescent children. A set of voiceless stop consonants, /ptk/, produced by a group of adults and typically developing children 3–5 years of age were examined in terms of multiple acoustic and spectral parameters. Findings indicated that, with the exception of spectral kurtosis, the acoustic and spectral characteristics of the stop productions varied significantly as a function of place of articulation and vowel context. Sex-specific differences in spectral slope, mean, and skewness were found for the 5-year-old and adult speakers. Such …

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Intra-Speaker Variability In Palatometric Measures Of Consonant Articulation, Christopher Dromey, Marybeth Sanders Jan 2009

Intra-Speaker Variability In Palatometric Measures Of Consonant Articulation, Christopher Dromey, Marybeth Sanders

Faculty Publications

Electropalatometry is a useful clinical and research tool for measuring linguapalatal contact. The goal of this study was to examine intra-speaker variability in performance. Twenty individuals spoke VCV nonsense words using a schwa in the initial position, the 15 palatal consonants, and three corner vowels, /ɑ/, /i/, /u/. A variability index was created to examine speaker consistency.
Different aspects of articulation (i.e. place, manner, voicing, coarticulation) were compared. Significant differences for variability were found for place of articulation in the /i/ vowel context and for manner of articulation in the /ɑ/ vowel context. Also for the /ɑ/ vowel, significant differences …

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Social Or Academic Language Intervention? You Don’T Have To Choose, Lee Robinson Jan 2009

Social Or Academic Language Intervention? You Don’T Have To Choose, Lee Robinson

Faculty Publications

Students with a variety of types of language impairments exhibit deficits that affect both social interactions and academic performance. Two types of theory of mind underlie social and academic language skills: interpersonal and intrapersonal. In this article, the authors describe strategies for developing interpersonal and intrapersonal theory of mind abilities with the goal of promoting the inferencing skills essential for comprehension of social and academic language.

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Laryngeal-Level Amplitude Modulation In Vibrato, Christopher Dromey, Lorie Reese, J Arden Hopkin Jan 2009

Laryngeal-Level Amplitude Modulation In Vibrato, Christopher Dromey, Lorie Reese, J Arden Hopkin

Faculty Publications

Summary: The goal of this investigation was to test a new methodology for measuring amplitude modulation (AM) at the level of the vocal folds during vibrato in trained singers, because previous research has suggested that AM arises in large part as an acoustic epiphenomenon through an interaction of the harmonics in the laryngeal source with the resonances of the vocal tract as the fundamental frequency oscillates. A within-subjects model was used to compare vocal activity across three pitch and three loudness conditions. Seventeen female singers with a range of training and experience were recorded with a microphone and an electroglottograph …

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Laryngeal Level Amplitude Modulation In Vibrato, Christopher Dromey, Lorie Reese, J. Arden Hopkin Jan 2009

Laryngeal Level Amplitude Modulation In Vibrato, Christopher Dromey, Lorie Reese, J. Arden Hopkin

Faculty Publications

Objectives: The goal of this investigation was to test a new methodology for measuring amplitude modulation (AM) at the level of the vocal folds during vibrato in trained singers, because previous research has suggested that AM arises in large part as an acoustic epiphenomenon through an interaction of the harmonics in the laryngeal source with the resonances of the vocal tract as the fundamental frequency oscillates.
Study Design: A within-subjects model was used to compare vocal activity across three pitch and three loudness conditions.
Methods: Seventeen female singers with a range of training and experience were recorded with a microphone …

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The Relationship Between Nonword Repetition Performance And Social Behaviors In 7- To 11-Year-Old Children With Language Impairment, Bethany Lynne Hillary Dec 2008

The Relationship Between Nonword Repetition Performance And Social Behaviors In 7- To 11-Year-Old Children With Language Impairment, Bethany Lynne Hillary

Theses and Dissertations

Recent literature has suggested a link between verbal working memory and language impairment (LI) in children. There is limited research, however, about the link between verbal working memory and social behaviors in children with LI. This study was designed to explore the relationship between social behaviors (measured by the Teacher Behavior Rating Scale; Hart & Robinson, 1996) and verbal working memory abilities (measured by a 3-, 4-, and 5-syllable nonword repetition task) in children with LI. Thirty-six children (18 with LI and 18 typically developing) aged 7 to 11 years participated in the study. Children with LI were rated by …

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The Ability Of Children With Language Impairment To Understand Emotion Conveyed By Prosody In A Narrative Passage, Chelsea Celeste Voorhees Dec 2008

The Ability Of Children With Language Impairment To Understand Emotion Conveyed By Prosody In A Narrative Passage, Chelsea Celeste Voorhees

Theses and Dissertations

Several recent studies indicate that children with Language Impairment (LI) have difficulty recognizing and inferring meaning from emotional prosody. The present study is a replication investigating the ability of children with LI to recognize emotion conveyed by prosody in an orally presented narrative passage. Twenty-two children with LI and twenty-two age matched peers ranging from age 7;0 to 10;11 (M= 9.11, SD= 2.54) were selected to participate. Participants listened to recordings of a seven sentence passage read by actors to express happiness, anger, sadness, and fear. The children's task was to identify which emotion the speaker portrayed. Scores obtained from …

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