Communication Sciences and Disorders Commons^™

A Comparative Study Of The Short-Term Auditory Memory Span And Sequence Of Language/Learning Disabled Children And Normal Children, Kathleen M. Mccausland

Dissertations and Theses

This investigation compared the auditory memory span and sequence of language/learning disabled children with that of normal children to determine if there was a difference between the two groups on short-term auditory memory, ordering of stimulus type difficulty and performance on subtests using various stimulus types. Fifteen LD subjects were matched with fifteen normal subjects for mental age as measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. The Auditory Memory Test Battery (AMTB) was administered to each subject. The AMTB consists of five tape recorded subtests of recall for sentences, digits, related words, unrelated words, and nonsense words. Each subject responded …

Development Of A Short Form For The Carrow Elicited Language Inventory, Janet Lee Lawson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This investigation was designed to determine if a shortened or screening form could be developed for use with the Carrow Elicited Language Inventory (CELl) at the first grade level. The sample for this research was comprised of fifty-six children between the ages of 5 years 9 months and 6 years 9 months. The children were chosen according to availability and time factors and came from middle socioeconomic backgrounds.

All subjects were tested with the CELl. After selection of items for the short form, each child's score on the short form was compared with his score on the CELI with the …

A Comparative Study Of Perceptual Ratings And Fundamental Frequency In Female And Male Esophageal Voices, Anne Terese Heinrich

Dissertations and Theses

This study proposed to determine if male and female esophageal voices were rated in the same manner by naïve listeners. Answers to the following questions were sought:

1. Is there a difference in the social acceptability ratings given to female esophageal voices compared to male esophageal voices, when the speakers are matched for speaking ability?
2. Does a relationship exist between the fundamental frequencies of female esophageal voices and ratings of social acceptability given by naïve listeners?
3. Does a relationship exist between the fundamental frequencies of male esophageal voices and ratings of social acceptability given by naïve listeners?
4. Do male and female …

The Effect Of Background Noise On Children's Selective Listening Behavior, Cathryn A. Chartier

Dissertations and Theses

This study investigated the effect of distracting linguistic background noise on children's ability to perform three-part commands. A total of twelve first grade subjects, six "normal" and six reading delayed, were individually administered a series of twenty, three-part commands. Each child performed once in quiet and once in a noise environment, and the performances in those two conditions were compared.

A Comparative Study Of The Expressive Preposition Usage Of Educable Mentally Retarded Children And Normals, Marie Deon Shope

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate which of 26 prepositions are acquired expressively by educable mentally retarded children. This study was designed to determine if there was a significant difference between the number of prepositions expressed by an EMR sample and those expressed by normals of similar mental age, and if the same prepositions were used by the two groups at given mental ages. The correlation between chronological age and the number of prepositions expressed by the EMR population was also investigated.

The Effect Of Perceptual Set On Listener Judgments Of Voice Quality Deviations, Patricia M. Hansen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to test the possible influence of perceptual set on listeners' judgments of voice quality deviations. Perceptual set was created by instructions given to an experimental group which limited their choices, thus encouraging a particular response. The effect of set on the overall performance of the group, on backward versus forward voice samples and on the level of experience of the listener were all investigated.

The sample for this study was comprised of 24 students of speech pathology and audiology. The subjects were divided into matched experimental and control groups and asked to listen to …

Relationship Of Auditory Short-Term Memory And Articulation Ability Of Eight-Year-Olds, Winona Eugenia Hoffinger

Dissertations and Theses

This study investigated the relationship of auditory short-term memory and articulation ability of eight-year-old children to determine if a relationship existed between auditory short-term memory ability and articulation ability. The specific question posed was: Is there a statistically significant difference in the auditory short-term memory ability of eight-year-olds with three or more phoneme errors and eight-year-olds with no phoneme errors?

A Perceptual Study Of Emotion In Esophageal Speech, Charles Carlisle Ellis

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This study was designed to investigate the perceivability of emotion in esophageal speech. Specifically, the questions under study were: (1) Are naive listeners able to accurately perceive emotional intention from auditory samples of esophageal speech? (2) Are the listeners' judgments of emotion from esophageal speech made with as much confidence as similar judgments made on normal laryngeal speech? A perceptual paradigm was utilized in which listeners made emotion judgments from speech samples of one laryngeal and one esophageal speaker. Two master audiotape recordings were constructed. Each contained a listening corpus of 75 randomly distributed grammatically complete, content-constant sentences. Each audiotape …

A Study Of The Perceptual Parameters Of Voice In Aging Females, Barbara Ann Mathers

Dissertations and Theses

An interest in understanding the aging processes, as they relate to voice, has prompted research investigating physiological, acoustical, and perceptual attributes of the aging vocal mechanism. Recently, it has been demonstrated that perceptual parameters, in older male voices, differentiate speakers according to age estimations, as determined by a group of listeners.

The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptual characteristics of the female voice which are associated with perceived age, as contrasted to chronological age.

A Phonological And Morphological Analysis Of Two-Year Old Children's Utterances Of Final /S/ And /Z/ In Nouns, Janice Brewer

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to examine, from a phonological and morphological point of view, two-year old children's utterances of final /s/ and final /z/ in singular (CVC) and plural (CVCC) forms.

The subjects were 32 two-year old children who attended day-care centers. There were 13 males and 19 females, ranging in age from 26 months to 36 months, with an average age of 29 months.

In a 16 item test, each of the 32 children named eight singular nouns (/bʌs/, /haus/, /fers/, /maus/, /nouz/, /tʃiz/, /rouz/, /hous/) and eight plural nouns (/kʌps/, /hæts/, /keɪks/, /sɑks/, /bɔlz/, /gʌnz/, /bɛdz/, …

An Investigation Of The Consistency Of Judgments Regarding Successive Approximations Of /R/, Scott Robert Lane

Dissertations and Theses

This investigation sought to determine the accuracy and consistency of judgements made by three groups of judges, relative to successive approximations of /r/. The three groups were made up of speech pathologists, student trainees, and untrained individuals, respectively. It was the task of these judges to rank order three /r/ productions into the following categories: correct; partially correct; and incorrect. This task is basically the same as reinforcing approximations of /r/ within the therapy situation, and appears not to require extensive training. Many authors have found little difference between trained and untrained listeners in identifying correct versus incorrect articulation. An …

Analysis Of The Two Word Stage Of Language Development: An Ideographic Study, Lou Ann Mccoy

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this longitudinal, ideographic clinical research project was to analyze a corpus of expressive language emitted by a child at the two word stage of language development via grammatico-semantic relationships (Brown, 1973) and via Developmental Sentence Analysis (Lee, 1974).

A Descriptive Analysis Of Individuals With Congenital Palatal Insufficiency, Judith Dabkowski

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of The Clinician-Client Interactions In Urban Language And Stuttering Clinics, Teresa M. Carnese

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this clinical research project was to use an interaction analysis system to compare the behaviors of clinicians and their clients with two types of communicative disorders and to determine how the clinicians utilized their clinical time. More specifically, this study employed the Conover Analysis System (Conover, 1974) and compared the client-clinician behaviors in the Portland State University Urban Language Clinic and Stuttering Clinic. The data which were gathered provided a baseline of the client-clinician behaviors in the two clinical settings.

The Berrigans At Catonsville: A Case Study In Symbolic Behavior As Rhetoric, Susan Baker

Dissertations and Theses

In May of 1968, Father Daniel Berrigan, a Jesuit priest, and his brother, Father Philip Berrigan, a Josephite priest, and seven others, entered the draft board offices in Catonsville, Maryland where they removed 378 draft files and burned them with homemade napalm.

This paper examines that event as a case study in symbolic behavior as rhetoric. In doing so, the author first seeks a definition of rhetoric, and a definition of symbolic behavior. Background material, both on the Berrigans, and on symbolic behavior as rhetoric is provided.

The major portion of the paper deals with the analysis of the event …

Listening Rate Preferences Of Language Disordered Children As A Function Of Grammatical Complexity, Wendy Lee Orloff

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if performance on a language comprehension task, varying in number of syntactical units (i.e., grammatical complexity) was affected by altered rates of speech. A total of twenty-four language disordered children, aged 7 years, 8 months, through 9 years, 8 months, who were enrolled in language/learning disorders classrooms in the Portland Public Schools served as subjects. The Assessment of Children's Language Comprehension (Foster et al., 1972) test was administered to each subject via audio-tape at one expanded (100 wpm), one normal (150 wpm), and two compressed rates (200, 250 wpm) of speech.

The …

Relationships Between Central Auditory Function And Learning Disabilities, Joan M. Hirabayashi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of "learning disabled" (LD) children and children with no identified learning problems on tests of central auditory function. Katz's Staggered.Spondaic Word (SSW) test and Willeford's Tests of Central Auditory Function (TCAF) were administered.

The groups consisted of twenty-one LD children (experimental) and twenty-one children with no identified learning problems (control). The groups were matched for age, sex, socioeconomic background, and IQ. None of the subjects had a peripheral auditory impairment.

Experimental and control groups differed significantly on the corrected left SSW ear scores at the 0.03 level, the corrected total …

The Influence Of Age And Stimuli On The Explanations Of "Same" And "Different" By Young Children, Pamela Callas Senders

Dissertations and Theses

This study investigated the influence of chronological age and stimuli on the explanations of "same" and "different" by young children. Seventy children, between by young children. the ages of three-years, six-months and nine-years, six-months, selected on the basis of chronological age, normal speech and language development, and normal verbal maturity, were involved as subjects. A test consisting of a series of verbal tasks was administered to each child. The experimenter recorded and later analyzed and classified all responses for each child, following specific guidelines for judging appropriateness of response and assigning each appropriate response to one of three classifications.

The Use Of Telegraphic Reading Material By Aphasic Patients, Sylvia Diane Tovey

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if aphasic patients have significantly more correct answers for telegraphically written material when compared to normally written material.

Twenty subjects from the greater Portland metropolitan area were selected to be included in this study. The ages or the subjects ranged from forty-two through sixty-five years with a mean of fifty-four years.

The test material consisted of two paragraphs controlled for fourth grade grammar and vocabulary and two paragraphs controlled for sixth grade grammar and vocabulary. A normally written and a telegraphically written paragraph were used for each of the four paragraphs for …

Speech Improvement As An Aid To Language Development, Marilyn Gould Knauf

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to examine and estimate the effectiveness of a group speech and language improvement program on the speech and language skills of children at the kindergarten level.

A Comparative Analysis Of Tests For Central Auditory Function And Tests For Auditory Processing, Lynnee C. Luckett

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether there was a relationship between the results obtained from tests of auditory language performance and those obtained from tests of central auditory performance. The performances of ten learning disabled children were compared with the performances of ten normal achievers on the six auditory language subtests of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities and the staggered spondaic word test and Willeford's tests of central auditory processing abilities. The two groups were matched according to sex, age, and socioeconomic status. Only children having normal peripheral hearing and an IQ within normal range …

A Concept Acquisition Project Comparing Receptive And Expressive Programs, Carol Paulson Carpenter

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this project was to measure and compare the language concept growth of two clients who utilized different response modes; client A utilized the expressive mode and client B utilized the receptive mode. A systematic management program was administered to each client for eighteen sessions. The specific questions posed were:

1. Did both clients demonstrate the ability to verbalize concepts on the post-test of the individualized programs?

2. Did client A learn more concepts in eighteen sessions than client B as measured by the post-tests of the individualized programs and the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts?

3. …

The Maximum Duration Of Phonation Of /A/ In Children, Kerry Lewis

Dissertations and Theses

Measurement of maximum duration of phonation has been suggested by several voice experts as a clinical tool for assessing vocal function (Arnold, 1955; Irwin, 1965; Yanagihara, Koike and von Leden, 1966; and Boone, 1971). Most of the investigations of maximum phonation time have been conducted using adult populations. exceptions to this can be found in the studies by Launer (1971) and Coombs (1976). An apparent need, therefore, existed to investigate maximum phonation time in children.

The present study was designed to investigate the affects of age, sex, height, weight and vital capacity on the maximum duration of phonation of sustained …

Predicting Synergy Of Movement For Speech From Feeding Assessment Or Diadochokinesis In Cerebral Palsied Children, Meredith Kathryn Van Bemmel

Dissertations and Theses

The normal development of articulation is built upon the normal development of motor skills (Morris, 1970). Cerebral palsy is caused by brain damage and is characterized by neuromuscular incoordination. This interferes with normal development of motor skills. It also may interfere with normal development of speech if dysarthria is present. Because of these factors, the synergy of movement of the oral muscles used in feeding, in speech and in execution of diadochokinetic movements of the oral muscles is affected.

The purpose of the study was to determine whether or not the performance of feeding skill movements or the performance of …

A Quantitative Study Based On A Sonographic Examination Of Four Vowel Sounds In Alaryngeal Speech, Cheryl Ann Schultz

Dissertations and Theses

Laryngectomy, as a treatment for malignant laryngeal lesions, requires the patient to seek a substitute method of producing speech. Three types of alaryngeal speech were described: esophageal, Asai, and artificial larynx. One consideration in deciding which mode of speech is best for the patient is how closely each type of alaryngeal speech approximates normal.

This investigation was an objective examination of esophageal, Asai, and artificial larynx speech as compared with normal in males and females.

Creative Dramatics As A Language Facilitating Technique, Gail J. Richard

Masters Theses

Children's communication development has attracted a great deal of attention in the last few years. Research has begun to make advances in what we know about children's speech, language, and hearing abilities. It has been proposed that children are most interested (and probably learn most) while playing. As a result, the idea of play therapy gained recognition. Creative dramatics is a specific area or technique that can include a child's play and can incorporate specific language objectives and goals. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of creative dramatic experiences on the expressive verbal language scores of …

Assessment Of Hearing Sensitivity By Use Of The Acoustic Reflex In The Geriatric Population, Donna Elvira Gilham

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of the SPAR test (Sensitivity Prediction by the Acoustic Reflex) on a sample of older adults who professed negative otologic histories. Twenty-seven subjects, ranging in age from sixty-four to eighty-three years of age (54 ears) were ultimately chosen as subjects. A young adult group, ranging in age from eighteen to thirty years of age, with normal audiometric hearing levels served as controls. Reflex threshold levels were obtained using 500 Hz., 1000 Hz., and 2000 Hz. pure tones and noise stimuli. Assessment of hearing loss was calculated on the difference between …

Listener Perception Of Fluent, Breathy, And Imprecisely Articulated Speech Of Stutterers, Diane Carol Campbell

Dissertations and Theses

Because communication involves both a sender of messages, each person could influence the other’s feelings about speaking and listening. The reactions of each member of this communication network will determine how communication will flow in the future. With an understanding of the feedback system between speakers and listeners, researchers have designed management programs which allow the speaker who stutters to develop a new pattern of speech which does not hinder his communication efforts. Fluency is the primary consideration, and normalcy of speech is second. One such program has been devised by Casteel (1974).

In Casteel’s stuttering management program a person …

A Comparison Study Of The Syntactical Language Skills Of Children In The Monterey Language Program With Children Not In A Formal Language Program, Bonnie Lucille Owens

Dissertations and Theses

Primarily this study sought to investigate growth of syntactical skills in language delayed children enrolled in the Monterey Language Program (MLP) (Gray and Ryan, 1973a) in several Portland Public Schools during the 1974-75 school year. The Programmed Conditioning for Language Test (PCLT) (Gray and Ryan, 1973a) and the Northwest Syntax Screening Test (NSST) (Lee, 1970) were administered and pretest scores compared to posttest scores. A comparison group was administered the same test; their growth in syntactical skills as measured by the PCLT and NSST was compared with the growth of the experimental group. A secondary purpose of this investigation was …

Effects Of Verbal And Pantomime Stimulus Input On The Short Term Sequential Recall Of Aphasic Adults, Lauryl Suzanne Ivers Grotting

Dissertations and Theses

The question posed in this investigation was: Which stimulus input mode, verbal, pantomime, or combined verbal and pantomime, is more effective in facilitating short term sequential recall of language material with aphasic adults?