Pharmaceutical Preparations Commons^™

Enhancing Bone Regeneration Using Kaempferol As An Osteoprotective Compound: Signaling Mechanisms, Delivery Strategies, And Potential Applications, Mojdeh Salehi Namini, Sanam Mohandesnezhad, Sadaf Mohandesnezhad, Vahid Mansouri, Lobat Tayebi, Nima Beheshtizadeh

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Various plants, including fruits, vegetables, and spices, contain kaempferol, a bioflavonoid compound with diverse medicinal effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Furthermore, this compound exhibits multiple health-promoting properties, including osteoprotection and osteogenesis, primarily by modulating various cell-signaling pathways. This review aims to illustrate the medical advantages of kaempferol and its role in regulating bone metabolism through cell signaling mechanisms. Numerous studies have demonstrated the bone-protective properties of kaempferol and its encapsulated form. Further research is needed to clarify the optimal dosages, toxicity, safety, and other potential mechanisms of action. This review demonstrates that several signaling pathways, including nuclear …

Synthesis Of Tu100 Analogs And Biological Assays, Feyisope Tonye Oladapo

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

TU100 (14-methyl-5H-5,12-epiminobenzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]naphthalene-6,11,13(12H)-trione) exhibits exceptional chemotherapeutic properties. It operates via a distinct mechanism that triggers cell death to create cytotoxic effects while concurrently inhibiting topoisomerase I and II. Its efficacy rivals that of well-known chemotherapeutic drugs like Daunorubicin. The distinctive characteristics of TU100 have led to initiatives aimed at creating structurally similar compounds to discover even more effective bioactive alternatives.

The analog synthesis incorporated quinoxaline or its derivatives (diphenyl quinoxaline, dipyridinyl quinoxaline, and dibenzophenazine-10,13-dione) that have been shown to have promising chemotherapeutic effects. Synthesizing the hetero naphthoquinones required a multi-step synthetic process, so quinoxaline/ derivatives intermediates are first prepared, then the …

Fda Approves Neffy®- First Nasal Spray For Anaphylaxis, Abigail Carter, Penlope Mazivanhanga, Haylee Whyde, Rileigh Rahrig, Ashley Jacob, Anna Spalvieri, Joshua Honaker, Samantha Mccord, Andrew Roecker

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Between 1.6 and 5.1% of the United States population have experienced anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction.1 Anaphylaxis occurs when someone is exposed to an allergen, most commonly foods, medications, and insect venom. Epinephrine is the first-line agent for anaphylaxis treatment, and it is critical to administer this medication immediately after the onset of anaphylactic symptoms to prevent worsening that could lead to death. Epinephrine, more commonly known as EpiPen® or Auvi-Q®, has historically only been available as an intramuscular (IM) injection. Many people are afraid, anxious, or uneducated on how to properly give someone an IM injection, causing anaphylaxis treatment …

The Revised Cdc Chronic Pain Guidelines And Payer Opioid Analgesic Policies In Michigan, Victoria Tutag Lehr, Cynthia L. Arfken

Michigan Journal of Public Health

Abstract

The 2016 publication of A Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention motivated commercial and Medicaid payers to restrict their opioid prescribing policies including the imposition of hard limits on opioid daily dosages and duration. One result of these policies was an increase in abrupt opioid discontinuation and rapid tapering events for patients receiving long-term opioid therapy. Responding to this misapplication of the 2016 guideline, the 2022 revised guidelines emphasized individualized opioid therapy and exclusion of certain chronic diseases. However, it is not known if the payers changed their policies to …

Synthesis Of Photocleavable Molecules For Neurological Applications, Nishal Madujith Egodawaththa Arachchilage Don

Theses and Dissertations

In recent biomedical research, the precise control of molecular dynamics through light activation has emerged as a powerful tool, particularly in the field of neurobiology. This approach involves the use of photocleavable cages or photoprotective groups (PPGs) that are chemically tethered to biologically active molecules such as neurotransmitters or calcium chelators. These cages remain inert until exposed to specific wavelengths of light, typically in the visible range, triggering the release of the active compound with high spatiotemporal precision.

For neurotransmitter systems, such as glutamate (Glu), which plays a critical role in synaptic transmission and memory formation, researchers have developed novel …

October / November / December 2024, Randy Curry, Cindy Brooks

RURAL ROCKS

This is the October - November - December issue of Rural Rocks from the SWOSU College of Pharmacy.

Could Sigmoid Diverticulitis, Drug-Induced Liver Injury, And Drug-Induced Pancreatitis Co-Occur?, Rutwik Pradeep Sharma, Ryan Tam, Michael Labuzetta, Richard Alweis

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Sigmoid diverticulitis is a leading cause of gastrointestinal pathology etiology, which causes hospital admissions in Western society. Recent studies have shown its prevalence to be 1-4%. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a primary cause of acute liver failure in the West^. The incidence of DILI is between 14-19 cases per 100,000 population. The prevalence of drug-induced pancreatitis (DIP) is 2-5%, although this is hard to estimate given the lack of large-scale studies. Sulfasalazine is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug that is indicated for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. It has been associated …

An Evaluation Of The Safety Of Half-Dose Direct Oral Anticoagulants Following Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Pilot Study., Harrison A Patrizio, Rex W Lutz, Stephanie A Kwan, Adam Lencer, Gregory K Deirmengian

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Background Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients on preoperative anticoagulation therapy present a challenge for adult reconstruction surgeons. The goal in managing such patients is to limit bleeding complications associated with administering the medications while preventing medical complications from withholding them. At our institution, we began a protocol in 2017 that utilizes a half-dose direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) regimen for one week followed by resuming of the full-dose regimen in select patients who underwent TJA. This study investigated the 90-day safety profile associated with this protocol compared to previous literature. Methodology A retrospective review of 898 patients from a single institution …

Pathological Fractures And The Perils Of Purchasing Steroids Online, Danielle C Thor, Valerie Rome

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Exogenous steroids are a staple of modern medicine, with utility in a variety of direct and supplemental treatment modalities. However, all pharmaceuticals are undoubtedly coupled with unique side effect profiles, and steroids are no exception. In the case presented, the assessment and management of a 36-year-old male who inappropriately self-administered high-dose steroids for prolonged periods of time is reviewed. In doing so, attention is drawn to both the impact of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and the greater risk of online availability of these powerful medications.

Phytotherapeutic Approach To Enhance The Hepatoprotective Activity Of Some Edible Plants: Molecular Docking And Nanoformulation, Khaled Nematallah, Amgad Abdallah, Noha Swilam

Pharmacy

This study used molecular docking to evaluate phytochemicals from 47 plants against liver fibrosis. It identified potent compounds, prompting further investigation of chamomile, pomegranate, ginseng, and artichoke. Extracts from these plants were characterized and formulated into a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). Studies on the herbal formula exhibited around 150% higher flavonoids, 50% higher polyphenols, 178% higher antioxidant activity, and synergistic In-vitro hepatoprotective effects compared to the average results of individual extracts. Both the aqueous suspension and the nanoformulation of the formula offered in-vivo protection against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. The SMEDDS group showed superior outcomes, with no significant differences …

Perilous Consequences Of Chemotherapy Induced Alopecia In Afflicted Cancer Survivors: A Comprehensive State Of The Art Review, Salma A. Fereig, Mona Gamal Arafa, Ghada Mamdouh Elzaafarany, Mona Mohamed Ahmed Abdelmottaleb, John Youshia

Pharmacy

Due to researchers’ great efforts during previous and current centuries to cure cancer, a remarkable increase in the number of cancer survivors has been observed. However, side effects of chemotherapeutic agents greatly affect the quality of life of cancer cases, usually referred to as cancer stigma, the most psychologically traumatizing of which is chemotherapy-induced alopecia (anagen effluvium). Unfortunately, there is no preventive protocol for chemotherapy-induced alopecia to date. The only suggested technique is vasoconstriction by scalp cooling during and after chemotherapy sessions to minimize the absorption of cytotoxic agents within the hair follicle area; a technique that is not very …

A Comparison Of The Safety And Efficacy Of Tapinarof And Roflumilast Topical Therapies In The Management Of Mild-To-Moderate Plaque Psoriasis, Hira Ghani, Alicia Podwojniak, Isabella J Tan, Aarushi K Parikh, Bianca Sanabria, Babar Rao

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

INTRODUCTION: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. First-line topical treatments include steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, vitamin D analogs, and anthralin. Recently, novel topical therapeutics like tapinarof and roflumilast have emerged with unique anti-inflammatory mechanisms and promising efficacy profiles.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review utilized PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases to identify recent studies on tapinarof and roflumilast. Criteria focused on efficacy, safety profiles, and therapeutic roles in psoriasis treatment.

RESULTS: Four primary literature articles were identified for tapinarof and five for roflumilast. Both drugs demonstrated strong efficacy with minimal adverse events in treating mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis. Tapinarof showed …

July / August / September 2024, Randy Curry, Cindy Brooks

RURAL ROCKS

This is the July, August, and September issue of Rural Rocks from the SWOSU College of Pharmacy.

Exploring Perinatal Ketamine For Postpartum Depression Following Cesarean Section: A Systematic Review, Jaylyn Thompson, David F Lo, Alexis Foschini, Suvan Sundaresh

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

The aim of this study was to explore the use of perinatal ketamine to see if it can be used for the reduction of postpartum depression (PPD) following cesarean section (C-section). PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science were the primary databases used for this review. Search terms used on January 5, 2024 incorporated "ketamine," "C-section," "postpartum depression," and related synonyms. The criteria for inclusion centered on studies published between January 1, 2008 and January 5, 2024. The final selection of articles was screened based on extraction criteria leaving eight randomized control trials in the final review. The selected data from …

A Third Generation Long-Acting Dimeric Dolutegravir Prodrug Nanoformulation, Bhoomika Suresh Gowda

Theses & Dissertations

Dolutegravir (DTG) is an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) widely used as a part of first-line combination antiretroviral therapy. DTG has a high barrier to resistance However, one therapeutic challenge centers on its life-long daily use. Sub-optimal adherence to daily oral pills underscore the need for long-acting formulations. To these ends, our research activities have focused on the development and translation of ultra-long-acting ART. Monomeric ester prodrugs provided initial success in extending the apparent half-life of DTG and other INSTIs. One is the DTG prodrug formulation called NM2DTG. NM2DTG’s significantly extended the parent drug’s apparent half-life [Nature Communications, 3226 (2022)]. …

Novel Mechanisms For The Neural Control Of Breathing In Acute Lung Injury, Kajal Kamra

Theses & Dissertations

Acute lung injury (ALI) triggers inflammation that disrupts the normal alveolar-capillary endothelial barrier, impairing gas exchange and causing hypoxemia, which reflexively increases respiration. An elevated respiratory rate (fR) usually develops within hours to days following ALI. This acute respiratory failure disorder affects approximately 200,000 new cases annually in the US and accounts for 10% of ICU admissions, with high morbidity and mortality. The neural mechanisms underlying respiratory dysfunction post-ALI are not fully understood. My doctoral dissertation aimed to investigate the mediators of abnormal ventilation during ALI. Systemic hypoxia stimulates the carotid body (CB) chemoreflex, a crucial protective reflex that maintains …

Occurrence, Inputs, And Ecological Significance Of Antibiotics And Pharmaceuticals In Western Nebraska Streams, Katelyn F. Glause

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Few emerging environmental contaminants are as concerning as antibiotics. Human and animal health benefits greatly from the prudent use of antibiotics, yet we give little thought to environmental release of these biologically active compounds. Environmental occurrence of these and other pharmaceutical compounds must be measured in different environmental compartments such as municipal wastewater and in the vicinity of large animal feeding operations to understand potential effects. This study reports the results of a monitoring study in western Nebraska, with a large population of livestock and smaller but more concentrated population of humans, comparing the relative environmental concentrations and loading from …

April / May / June 2024, Randy Curry, Cindy Brooks

RURAL ROCKS

This is the April, May, and June issue of Rural Rocks from the SWOSU College of Pharmacy.

Combined Use Of Donepezil And Memantine Increases The Probability Of Five-Year Survival Of Alzheimer’S Disease Patients, Ehsan Yaghmaei, Hongxia Lu, Louis Ehwerhemuepha, Jianwei Zheng, Sidy Danioko, Ahmad Rezaie, Seyed Ahmad Sajjadi, Cyril Rakovski

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Studying the effects of drug treatments on multiple health outcomes related to AD could be beneficial in demonstrating which drugs reduce the disease burden and increase survival.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive causal inference study implementing doubly robust estimators and using one of the largest high-quality medical databases, the Oracle Electronic Health Records (EHR) Real-World Data. Our work was focused on the estimation of the effects of the two common Alzheimer’s disease drugs, Donepezil and Memantine, and their combined use on the five-year survival since initial diagnosis of AD patients. …

Effects Of Drug Delivery On Ppi-Responsive Esophageal Eosinophilia, Alex Biller, Rachel Chevalier, Amornluck Krasaelap, Janelle R. Noel-Macdonnell

Research Days

Determine if formulation of proton pump inhibitory (pill/capsule vs liquid) affects eosinophilic infiltration of esophagus in patients with PPI-Responsive Esophageal Eosinophilia.

Psilocybin Utilization In Alcohol Use Disorder, Hannah Hall, Sarah Turske, Hannah Blake, Abigail Carter, Connor Dains, Haylee Whyde, Brianna Lu, Joshua Honaker, Lindsey Peters

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a medical condition that arises from the inability to control alcohol consumption regardless of negative consequences. Over 10% of the US population met the diagnostic criteria for having AUD in 2022.1 Each individual presents with symptoms of AUD differently and may therefore need more personalized treatment. Research has shown that using a combination of currently available pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options provides the best results for patients with AUD. However, there still remains a pressing need for the development of newer treatment options. Psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic compound, is currently under investigation due to …

Pharmacodynamic Effects Of Zsj-0228 On Complement Protein Deposition In The Kidneys Of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis-Afflicted Mice., Braeden Pinkerton

Theses & Dissertations

Chronic inflammation, when left untreated, may result in significant morbidity and in severe cases, mortality. While glucocorticoids (GCs) are still being extensively used clinically as a class of very potent anti-inflammatory agents, they are also notorious for diverse adverse side effects. To mitigate these side effects, we have developed a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based prodrug (ZSJ-0228) of dexamethasone (Dex). When tested on rodent models of Lupus Nephritis and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), ZSJ-0228 was found to provide potent and sustained therapeutic efficacy without any detectable typical GC-associated side effects. Given ZSJ-0228’s transient renal exposure after systemic administration, it is yet to …

Translational Pathways For Ultra Long-Acting Medicines For Chronic Disease: From Hiv To Substance Use Disorders, Suyash Sanjay Deodhar

Theses & Dissertations

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioid use disorder (OUD) are among the top global public health challenges, with a significant overlap in the number of cases and higher mortality risks compared to the general population. Treatment and recreational opioid use lead to addictive disorders. Both conditions require repeated dosing of therapy where adherence to a strict lifelong regimen remains a major challenge. Notably, people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and struggling with opioid use disorders (OUD) show suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). Also, the risk of transmitting HIV and other blood-borne infections through the sharing of needles and other injection …

Development Of Long-Acting Antiviral And Antimicrobial Prodrug Nanoformulations, Srijanee Das

Theses & Dissertations

Over the past decade, the global burden of infectious diseases has increased substantively, underscoring the need for more effective treatment strategies. However, the discovery and development of new drugs with desirable safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy is a time consuming and costly process with great uncertainty around success rate. As an alternative to new drug development, prodrugs and novel drug delivery systems have increasingly been explored. Both serve to overcome the drug development challenges. Such drug formulations that permit extended dosing intervals of potent native drugs serve multiple purposes by promoting patient adherence to in improving treatment outcomes. This is especially …

Back From Baclofen: A Case Report Of Baclofen Overdose, Alexis M. Dunn, Andrew M. Vasta, James A. Espinosa, Alan Lucerna

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

We report a case of a 45-year-old female who presented with intentional Baclofen overdose. The patient was lethargic and then quickly unresponsive and hypotensive, intubated by EMS in the field. By the time the patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), the patient was clinically brain dead. After several days of supportive care, patient slowly, and miraculously, regained full neurologic functioning and was admitted to the Psychiatric Unit.

Over The Counter Overdose: A Case Of Tylenol Toxicity, Swet M. Patel, James A. Espinosa, Alan Lucerna

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

We report a case of a 51-year-old man presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with suicidal ideations (SI) endorsing an intentional overdose of acetaminophen. Just as important is the clinical presentation; it is equally important to obtain a detailed history of patient's presentation leading to the ED visit when evaluating a suicide attempt. Tylenol (acetaminophen) is a common over the counter (OTC) medication available to the public. Management of Tylenol overdose follows a standard outline of things to observe and intervene on. In this case, we discuss how Tylenol overdose is managed in a clinical setting through a patient who …

A Systematic Review On Belimumab’S Effectiveness, Improved Health Outcomes And Quality Of Life In Patients With Lupus Syndromes, Emily Meale, Alexandra Fontaine

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Autoimmune diseases are prevalent disorders that many individuals within the United States suffer from. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune disease that has a high incidence in women of child-bearing age. Management for lupus depends on the anatomical location SLE manifests, the severity of disease, and the tolerance that one has for certain adverse effects. Glucocorticoids are commonly used to manage lupus. Currently, long term glucocorticoid usage is associated with devastating adverse effects, so current treatment options aim to mitigate corticosteroids use to improve quality of life while maintaining favorable health outcomes. New management for SLE include biologics …

Opioid Prescription Rates Before And After Alto Program And Various Factors Affecting Emergency Department Opioid Prescription Rates, Neel B. Patel, James F. Baird

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Opioid prescription rates vary between patient population, diagnosis, location, and emergency department characteristics. High prescription rates offer an avenue for potential opioid addiction and overdoses. Alternatives to opioids (ALTO) is a new program already implemented in certain emergency departments to help change opioid prescription rates by introducing new protocols for first line treatments for pain management. With current trends still showing that South Jersey opioids prescription rates are the highest in the state of New Jersey, ALTO was introduced at Inspira Health Network located in South Jersey. This study retrospectively analyzed opioids prescription rates for abdominal pain, renal colic, migraines, …

What Is The Efficacy Of The Newly Developed Hpv Vaccine, Cecolin, In Providing Protection Against Hpv-Induced Cervical Cancers In Females Aged 9-14 Years Old, Yolanda Williams

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

In low to middle income countries, there's a rise in invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Affordability emerges as a crucial factor influencing this trend. This research is based on the development of a new HPV vaccine made in China called Ceolin priced at $47 and its efficacy to be incorporated into the WHO vaccination program. A peer review was conducted based on an ongoing randomized phase 3 clinical trial of a 2 dose regimen bivalent Cecolin vaccine (types 16,18) . The study includes 1025 females aged 9-14 years old split amongst 5 groups. The control group received Gardasil at the …

Using Fmri To Assess Effectiveness Of Olanzapine Treatment For Schizophrenia, William Kyle Copenhaver, David F. Lo, Hanna Rothenberg, Eeshan Khurana, Valerie Rome, Uzayr Wasif, Don D. Shamilov

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Schizophrenia is a complex mental illness with neurobiological underpinnings and misconceptions about violence. Schizophrenia is associated with high levels of creativity and structural traits like fewer D2 receptors. Patients face reduced life expectancy due to cardiovascular diseases and cope through smoking and sedentariness. Treatment involves pharmacological antipsychotics like olanzapine and nonpharmacological approaches. Olanzapine works by antagonizing D2 receptors but has side effects like weight gain and diabetes risk. fMRI is used to study treatment mechanisms and predict response, but research on olanzapine's brain network effects is limited.