Organic Chemicals Commons^™

Synthesis And Characterization Of Long Acting Darunavir Prodrugs, Mary Banoub

Theses & Dissertations

Patient adherence is critical for ART success to ensure adequate viral suppression, therefore, long-acting antiretrovirals are soon replacing current daily regimens. In recent years, two drugs were successfully transformed into long-acting injectables; CAB LA and RPV LA. These long-acting nanoformulations made it possible to abandon the daily pill burden, instead approximately a bimonthly injection of both drugs is enough to suppress and maintain viral load suppression. Our laboratory has been instrumental in transforming FDA-approved and experimental-HIV medications into long-acting slow effective release drugs, also known as LASER ART. LASER ART consists of slow drug metabolism and high permeability and retention …

Evaluating Volatile Organic Compounds For Contact-Independent Antagonism Of Pseudogymnoascus Destructans

Symposium of Student Scholars

White-nose syndrome (WNS), a disease caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, is responsible for the extensive mortality of bats in the United States. In an effort to develop tools to reduce bat mortality attributed to WNS, an in vitro experiment was conducted to quantify the inhibitory effects of select volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as explore potential synergistic activities. The experiment involved exposing mycelial plugs of P. destructans to various concentrations of B23 as well as B23 and decanal together at equimolar ratios. Measurements of the plugs were taken over the course of the 13 day experiment allowing …

Doxycycline-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: A Likely Source Rarely Seen, Paul Hoffman Do, Wilco Civil Sr, Jung Yoon Do, Gurjeet Kang Do, Christopher Lozano Orpiano Do, Michael Quinn Do, Joseph Staffetti Md, Dilip Ghanekar Md, Lakshminarasimhan Venu Md, Lily N. Jones Do, Ji Kwon Do, Shaival Thakore Md

Gastroenterology

No abstract provided.

P-19 Anticancer Activity Of Heteroaromatic Cyanostilbenes, Joshua Rotich

Celebration of Research and Creative Scholarship

Cancer is currently the second leading killer disease. There are many different kinds of cancer that are associated with almost every organ in the human body (e.g., brain cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, blood cancer, lung cancer, etc.).

In the Biology Department, Dr. Smith and Dr. Murray are researching glioblastoma brain cancer cells. Glioblastoma is a very invasive cancer that is highly lethal. Chances of not surviving when its at stage four is more than 98%. Detecting this cancer while it is developing is difficult because symptoms are mild headache, fatigue, nausea and slight loss of weight. By …

Stable Nanopalladium Hydride In Water For Sustainable And Selective Reductions, Jesse Klus, Sachin Handa

Posters-at-the-Capitol

The synthesis of air-stable ligand-free nanopalladium hydride (PdNHx) in water was achieved and applied to various organic transformations, including (1) reduction of heteroaromatics such as (iso)quinolines, phenanthrolines, benzotriazole, and naphthyridines, (2) regio- and chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes, (3) alkyne reductions, (4) chemoselective dehalogenation, and (5) base-free detriflation. Both the synthesis of PdNHx and the reductions were carried out under mild conditions in a micellar medium using our designer surfactant PS-750-M, which eliminates the need for toxic organic solvents and extremely high hydrogen pressure and temperature. Notably, PS-750-M is also a replacement of hazardous polar-aprotic solvents. This newer approach for selective …

Near Infrared Gumbos And Nanogumbos For Biomedical Applications, Mi Chen

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Recent advances in development of nanomaterials have provided great opportunities for cancer research. In this dissertation, nanoGUMBOS derived from a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS) were investigated for several biomedical applications including chemotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), and drug delivery. GUMBOS are solid-phase organic salts consisting of bulky cations and anions. Similar to ionic liquids, GUMBOS display highly tunable properties with counter-ions variation, but with a defined melting point range of 25–250 °C. Nanomaterials derived from GUMBOS, i.e. nanoGUMBOS, display enhanced properties at the nanoscale level. This dissertation focuses on development of near infrared IR780 nanoGUMBOS for …

Crystal Structure Of Zymonic Acid And A Redetermination Of Its Precursor, Pyruvic Acid, Dominik Heger, Alexis J. Eugene, Sean R. Parkin, Marcelo I. Guzman

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The structure of zymonic acid (systematic name: 4-hy­droxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-di­hydro­furan-2-carb­oxy­lic acid), C₆H₆O₅, which had previously eluded crystallographic determination, is presented here for the first time. It forms by intra­molecular condensation of parapyruvic acid, which is the product of aldol condensation of pyruvic acid. A redetermination of the crystal structure of pyruvic acid (systematic name: 2-oxo­propanoic acid), C₃H₄O₃, at low temperature (90 K) and with increased precision, is also presented [for the previous structure, see: Harata et al. (1977). Acta Cryst. B33, 210–212]. In zymonic acid, the hy­droxy­lactone ring …

Investigations Of The Mechanism Of Action For Lung Cancer Cell Death By A 4-Trifluoromethoxy Substituted Chalcone, Trevor M. Stantliff

Undergraduate Theses

Chalcones are a diphenyl compound that serves as a natural precursor to flavonoids in plants. Chalcones have been shown to have anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Chemoprevention activity of chalcones are of high interest in medicinal chemistry because of the simple laboratory synthesis and modification via Claisen-Schmidt condensation. Previously this lab created and screened a library of synthetic chalcones against A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line for antiproliferation properties. We identified a strong drug candidate (4-trifluoromethoxy substituted chalcone) for A549 growth inhibition. However, the cause of inhibition by the substituted chalcone remains to be identified We began to explore the mechanism of …

Heterocycle Synthesis From Quinols, Jing Wu

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Three cascade reactions that provide access to various heterocyclic skeletons from quinols were developed. Various substituted 1-hydroxyacridones, 4-hydroxycarbazoles and 4-hydroxy-indolin-3-ones were readily synthesized in moderate to excellent yields. The common sequential transformation involves carbamation/Michael addition/mixed Claisen condensation/decarboxylative aromatization which were realized in one-pot reactions in the synthesis of acridones and indolin-3-ones, or two-step reactions in the synthesis of carbazoles. A side reaction from oxidative dearomatization of phenols, affording iodo diaryl ethers in one step from commercial phenols, albeit in low yields, revealed an intricate mechanistic pathway. The synthesis of jaboticabin was realized in nine linear steps from commercial phloroglucinol and …

Impact Of Quinoline Amide Substituents On The Luminescence And Paracest Mri Properties Of Bimodal Europium (Iii) Complexes, Brooke Aloe, Marisa Poveda, Osasere M. Evbuomwan

Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD

Lanthanide ions exhibit optical imaging properties; however, the amount of energy needed to directly excite these ions could potentially be damaging to biological tissue. To overcome this limitation, organic chromophores, such as quinolines, can be used to absorb the excited light and transfer the energy obtained to the attached lanthanide ion. This intramolecular energy transfer results in the sensitization of the lanthanide ion luminescence. The goal of this project is to assess how the amide proton position in relation to the quinoline substituent affects the sensitivity of luminescence and the optical imaging properties of Europium (III) complexes. To achieve this …

Iron-Containing Nanoparticles For The Treatment Of Chrionic Biofilm Infections In Cystic Fibrosis, Leisha M. A. Martin

Nanoscience and Microsystems ETDs

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disease resulting in the morbidity and mortality of Caucasian children and adults worldwide. Due to a genetic mutation resulting in malfunction of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein, CF patients produce highly viscous mucus in their respiratory tract. This leads to impairment of the mucociliary clearance of inhaled microbes. In addition to reduced microbial clearance, anoxic environmental conditions in the lungs promote biofilm-mode growth of the pathogenic bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chronic infections of P. aeruginosa begin in early childhood and typically persist until respiratory failure and death result. The …

Mechanistic Studies And Derivative Effects In 1, 3, 4- Oxadiazole Synthesis Via Cyclodehydration Reactions, Evan Huggins

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

In the world of pharmaceutical synthesis, research to combat foreign pathogens is always necessary. Scientists have been exploring different methods in order to synthesize the most effective compounds in antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and many other treatments. A key component within these versatile compounds are 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. Current methods to synthesize these compounds are inefficient. This research seeks to improve oxadiazole synthesis; however, the mechanism of this reaction is unknown. The goal of this project was to study the mechanistic pathway in the discovered, one-pot cyclodehydration synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. In the first part of this study, a diacylhydrazine intermediate was proposed. This …

The Journey Of Implementing A Pediatric Essential Oil Program, Elizabeth Edmundson, Tiffany Kim

Nurse Presentations

Describes use of essential oil patches for specific indications with pediatric patients greater than 3 years old or greater than 20 kilograms. Lavender, peppermint, mandarin, or spearmint inhalation patches are used.

Structure-Activity Relationship Studies Of Synthetic Cathinones And Related Agents, Rachel A. Davies

Theses and Dissertations

Synthetic cathinones and related agents represent an international drug abuse problem, and at the same time an important class of clinically useful compounds. Structure-activity relationship studies are needed to elucidate molecular features underlying the pharmacology of these agents. Illicit methcathinone (i.e., MCAT), the prototype of the synthetic cathinone class, exists as a racemic mixture. Though the differences in potency and target selectivity between the positional and optical isomers of synthetic cathinones and related agents have been demonstrated to have important implications for abuse and therapeutic potential, the two MCAT isomers have never been directly compared at their molecular targets: the …

Understanding Structure-Activity Relationship Of Synthetic Cathinones (Bath Salts) Utilizing Methylphenidate, Barkha J. Yadav

Theses and Dissertations

Synthetic cathinones are stimulant drugs of abuse that act at monoamine transporters e.g. the dopamine transporter (DAT) as releasing agents or as reuptake inhibitors. More than >150 new synthetic cathinones have emerged on the clandestine market and have attracted considerable attention from the medical and law enforcement communities.

threo-Methylphenidate (tMP) is an FDA approved drug for the treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy, which also acts as a DAT reuptake inhibitor and is widely abused. tMP and synthetic cathinones share some structural similarities and extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on tMP have been conducted. However, much less is known about the …

Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics For The Treatment Of Cancer And Lung Inflammation, Shravan Morla

Theses and Dissertations

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear polysaccharides whose disaccharide building blocks consist of an amino sugar and either uronic acid or galactose. They are expressed on virtually all mammalian cells, usually covalently attached to proteins, forming proteoglycans. GAGs are highly negatively charged due to an abundance of sulfate and carboxylic acid groups, and are structurally very diverse, with differences arising from chain length, the type of monomeric units, the linkages between each monomeric unit, the position of sulfate groups, and the degree of sulfation. GAGs are known to interact with a multitude of proteins, impacting diverse physiological and pathological processes. In addition, …

Design, Synthesis And Pharmacological Characterization Of Potential Mu Opioid Receptor Selective Ligands, Abhishek S. Kulkarni

Theses and Dissertations

Selective Mu Opioid Receptor (MOR) antagonists possess immense potential in the treatment of opioid abuse/addiction. Utilizing the “message-address” concept, our laboratory reported a novel, reversible, non-peptide MOR selective antagonist 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14β-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6β-[(4՛-pyridyl)carboxamido]morphinan (NAP). Molecular modeling studies revealed that the selectivity of NAP for the MOR is because of a π-π stacking interaction of its pyridine ring with the Trp318residue in theMOR. Pharmacological characterization showed that NAP is a P-glycoprotein substrate, thereby limiting its use in the treatment of opioid abuse/addiction. Thus, to modify NAP, we replaced the pyridine ring with its isosteric counterpart thiophene. Isosteric replacement …

Identification Of Antibiotic Ge37468a From Pseudonocardia Symbionts Of Trachymyrmex Septentrionalis Ants, Krithika Rao

Scripps Senior Theses

In response to the growing rates of antibiotic resistance in human bacterial pathogens, this study explores the natural products involved in the defensive symbiosis between actinobacteria and fungus-growing ants to uncover new potential antibiotics. This study also seeks to understand the function of natural antibiotics in their ecological contexts, especially those involved in defensive symbioses. Defensive symbiosis can be a beneficial platform for discovering useful antibiotics, because antibiotics in these relationships must be able to selectively inhibit enemies without harming hosts, and are therefore likely more specific and less toxic. Pseudonocardia sp. associated with Trachymyrmex septentrionalis ants demonstrated antibiotic activity …

The Chemical Analysis And Biological Activities Of The Secondary Metabolites From Dalea Mollis And Dalea Albiflora, Nicholas Peter Hansen

All Master's Theses

Multidrug resistance has increased since the introduction of drugs used to prevent growth and kill microorganisms in a host. This has caused a worldwide search to discover new drugs effective against microorganisms. Mechanisms of drug resistance include, but are not limited to, the production of biofilms and efflux pumps. Efflux pumps prevent antimicrobial drugs from reaching their biological target, so the coordinated use of efflux pump inhibitors and antimicrobial drugs has been identified as a potential treatment for multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The secondary metabolites of Dalea mollis and Dalea albiflora were tested against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and engineered strains of the fungi …