Chemicals and Drugs Commons^™

Reductions In Serum Igf-1 During Aging Impair Health Span, Zhenwei Gong, Oran Kennedy, Hui Sun, Yingjie Wu, Garry A. Williams, Laura Klein, Luis Cardoso, Ronald W. Matheny Jr, Gene B. Hubbard, Yuji Ikeno, Roger P. Farrar, Mitchell B. Schaffler, Martin L. Adamo, Radhika H. Muzumdar, Shoshana Yakar

Publications and Research

In lower or simple species, such as worms and flies, disruption of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and the insulin signaling pathways has been shown to increase lifespan. In rodents, however, growth hormone (GH) regulates IGF-1 levels in serum and tissues and can modulate lifespan via/or independent of IGF- 1. Rodent models, where the GH/IGF-1 axis was ablated congenitally, show increased lifespan. However, in contrast to rodents where serum IGF-1 levels are high throughout life, in humans, serum IGF-1 peaks during puberty and declines thereafter during aging. Thus, animal models with congenital disruption of the GH/ IGF-1 axis are unable …

Bio-Identical Hormone Therapy: Understanding Women's Decision-Making Process And Family Physicians' Views, Lemmese Alwatban

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis explored women’s and family physicians’ experiences with Bio-identical Hormone Therapy (BHT). It aimed to develop a deeper understanding of women’s decision-making process in choosing this therapeutic modality, and the influence family physicians may have on this process. To capture the phenomenon under study, two complementary and sequential qualitative studies were conducted. The studies involved in-depth interviews with women using BHT and family physicians that care for this population. The collective findings of both studies demonstrated the complexity of menopause care. The findings illuminated the major factors involved in women’s BHT decision-making process. It also offered important information about …

Effects Of Prenatal Testosterone On The Reproductive And Metabolic Neurons Of The Sheep Hypothalamus, Maria Cernea

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting reproductively aged women. Women with PCOS and ewes prenatally exposed to testosterone (T) show similar reproductive and metabolic defects, including anovulatory dysfunctions stemming from abnormal gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and insulin resistance. For this dissertation, I examined the effects of prenatal T treatment on androgen receptor (AR) and insulin receptor (IR) expression with the reproductive and metabolic neurons of the hypothalamus, the ARC KNDy (co-expressing kisspeptin, neurokinin B/dynorphin), AgRP (agouti-related peptide) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, and the preoptic area (POA) kisspeptin neurons, and the GnRH neurons. …

Human Milk Cortisol Is Associated With Infant Temperament, Katherine R. Grey, Elyssia Poggi Davis, Curt A. Sandman, Laura M. Glynn

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

The implications of the biologically active elements in milk for the mammalian infant are largely unknown. Animal models demonstrate that transmission of glucocorticoids through milk influences behavior and modifies brain development in offspring. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between human milk cortisol levels and temperament of the breastfed infant. Fifty-two mother and infant pairs participated when the infants were three-months old. Milk cortisol levels were assessed and each mother completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ), a widely used parent-report measure of infant temperament. Analyses revealed a positive association between milk cortisol and the negative affectivity …

The Relationship Between Vitamin D Status Of Adult Women And Diet, Sun Exposure, Skin Reflectance, Body Composition, And Insulin Sensitivity, Marisa M. Mcadler

Master's Theses

As the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency continues to grow, mounting evidence supporting its link with chronic disease strengthens suggesting vitamin D’s candidacy in the prevention and treatment of multiple disease states and their complications. Dietary guidelines, however, do not take sun exposure into account. The present study sought to explore the impact of sun exposure on vitamin D status (serum 25(OH)D), and identify other significant determinants of serum levels which may have the greatest effects on overall health. Participants (n = 34) were pre-menopausal women aged 18 to 50 years (mean age 39 ± 6 years), who had their …

Testosterone, Cardiovascular, Men, Trial, Lin Xu, Guy Freeman, Benjamin J. Cowling, Mary Schooling

Publications and Research

Background
Testosterone therapy is increasingly promoted. No randomized placebo-controlled trial has been implemented to assess the effect of testosterone therapy on cardiovascular events, although very high levels of androgens are thought to promote cardiovascular disease.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted of placebo-controlled randomized trials of testosterone therapy among men lasting 12+ weeks reporting cardiovascular-related events. We searched PubMed through the end of 2012 using “(“testosterone” or “androgen”) and trial and (“random*”)” with the selection limited to studies of men in English, supplemented by a bibliographic search of the World Health Organization trial registry. Two reviewers independently searched, …

The Effect Of Statins On Testosterone In Men And Women, A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials, Mary Schooling, Shiu Lun Au Yeung, Guy Freeman, Benjamin J. Cowling

Publications and Research

Background
Statins are extensively used for cardiovascular disease prevention. Statins reduce mortality rates morethan other lipid-modulating drugs, although evidence from randomized controlled trials also suggests that statinsunexpectedly increase the risk of diabetes and improve immune function. Physiologically, statins would beexpected to lower androgens because statins inhibit production of the substrate for the local synthesis of androgens and statins’ pleiotropic effects are somewhat similar to the physiological effects of lowering testosterone, so we hypothesized that statins lower testosterone.

Methods
A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials of statins to test the a priori hypothesis that statins lower testosterone. We searched the PubMed, …

Quantitative Measures Of Estrogen Receptor Expression In Relation To Breast Cancer-Specific Mortality Risk Among White Women And Black Women, Huiyan Ma, Yani Lu, Polly A. Marchbanks, Suzanne G. Folger, Brian L. Strom, Jill A. Mcdonald, Michael S. Simon, Linda K. Weiss, Kathleen E. Malone, Ronald T. Burkman, Jane Sullivan-Halley, Dennis M. Deapen, Michael F. Press, Leslie Bernstein

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Introduction

The association of breast cancer patients’ mortality with estrogen receptor (ER) status (ER + versus ER-) has been well studied. However, little attention has been paid to the relationship between the quantitative measures of ER expression and mortality.

Methods

We evaluated the association between semi-quantitative, immunohistochemical staining of ER in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast carcinomas and breast cancer-specific mortality risk in an observational cohort of invasive breast cancer in 681 white women and 523 black women ages 35-64 years at first diagnosis of invasive breast cancer, who were followed for a median of 10 years. The quantitative measures of …

Chlomid, Niki Smith

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster details the use of Clomid and provides a chemical analysis.

Interactions Between Estradiol, Bdnf And Dendritic Spines In Promoting Memory., V. Luine, M. Frankfurt

Journal Articles

Several lines of evidence have converged to indicate that memory formation involves plasticity of dendritic spines in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus. Memory varies with estrogen levels throughout the lifespan of the female. Generally, increased levels of estrogen are related to greater dendritic spine density on pyramidal cells in the PFC and the hippocampus and to improved memory function. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a growth factor which increases dendritic spines and enhances memory function. Estrogens increase BDNF levels in the PFC and the hippocampus. In the present review we provide evidence that estradiol and BDNF may …

Age-Dependent Effects Of A53t Alpha-Synuclein On Behavior And Dopaminergic Function, A. W. Oaks, M. Frankfurt, D. I. Finkelstein, A. Sidhu

Journal Articles

Expression of A53T mutant human alpha-synuclein under the mouse prion promoter is among the most successful transgenic models of Parkinson's disease. Accumulation of A53T alpha-synuclein causes adult mice to develop severe motor impairment resulting in early death at 8-12 months of age. In younger, pre-symptomatic animals, altered motor activity and anxiety-like behaviors have also been reported. These behavioral changes, which precede severe neuropathology, may stem from non-pathological functions of alpha-synuclein, including modulation of monoamine neurotransmission. Our analysis over the adult life-span of motor activity, anxiety-like, and depressive-like behaviors identifies perturbations both before and after the onset of disease. Young A53T …

The Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine Pathway Reconstituted In Vitro: Glutamate Receptors And Corticosteroid-Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity, Jennifer N. Berry

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Stress promotes the use of methamphetamine and other recreational substances and is often implicated in relapse to stimulant use. Thus, it is of critical importance to examine the consequences of the co-occurance of stress and methamphetamine use. Activity of the glutamatergic N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor system appears to be involved in the neurotoxic effects of both chronic stress and methamphetamine exposure. The current studies investigated the hypothesis that chronic pre-exposure to the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) results in an increase of NMDA receptor activity and that this will potentiate the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine (METH). Co-cultures of the …