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2023

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Articles 301 - 328 of 328

Full-Text Articles in Chemicals and Drugs

Protacs – A Novel And Rapidly Developing Field Of Targeted Protein Degradation, Hannah R. Gatley Jan 2023

Protacs – A Novel And Rapidly Developing Field Of Targeted Protein Degradation, Hannah R. Gatley

Theses and Dissertations

There is a continued need for new technology and strategies for tackling cancer and other diseases, and within the current century a novel therapeutic strategy has emerged in the realm of targeted protein degradation called Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs). This technology specifically targets and degrades disease-causing proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and has seen an explosion of research and intrigue in both academia and industry over the past two decades. The diversity of PROTAC classes based on the E3 ligase recruiting ligand and the target protein allows for a universal molecular structure that can be customized for a specific target and …

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Exposure To Pcb126 During The Nursing Period Reversibly Impacts Early-Life Glucose Tolerance, Brittany B. Rice, Keegan W. Sammons, Sara Y. Ngo Tenlep, Madeline T. Weltzer, Leryn J. Reynolds, Cetewayo S. Rashid, Hollie I. Swanson, Kevin J. Pearson Jan 2023

Exposure To Pcb126 During The Nursing Period Reversibly Impacts Early-Life Glucose Tolerance, Brittany B. Rice, Keegan W. Sammons, Sara Y. Ngo Tenlep, Madeline T. Weltzer, Leryn J. Reynolds, Cetewayo S. Rashid, Hollie I. Swanson, Kevin J. Pearson

Human Movement Sciences & Special Education Faculty Publications

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental organic pollutants known to have detrimental health effects. Using a mouse model, we previously demonstrated that PCB126 exposure before and during pregnancy and throughout the perinatal period adversely affected offspring glucose tolerance and/or body composition profiles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the glucose tolerance and body composition of offspring born to dams exposed to PCB126 during the nursing period only. Female ICR mice were bred, and half of the dams were exposed to either vehicle (safflower oil) or 1 µmole PCB126 per kg of body weight via oral gavage on postnatal …

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Testing The Efficacy And Synergistic Components Of Sesamol And Black Rice Extract On Human Colon Cancer Cells, Sera Lim, Philip M. Gerk Jan 2023

Testing The Efficacy And Synergistic Components Of Sesamol And Black Rice Extract On Human Colon Cancer Cells, Sera Lim, Philip M. Gerk

Undergraduate Research Posters

Purpose: Systemic treatment of colorectal cancer involves chemotherapeutic agents which elicit serious and negative side effects from the toxicity of the drug. To address this issue, we are testing dietary supplements for their efficacy against human colon cancer cell lines and also their potential synergistic effects when combined with conventional chemotherapy. Dietary supplements (specifically sesamol and black rice extract) exhibit anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and chemo-preventive properties. Meanwhile, one of the cancer resistance mechanisms is the upregulation of drug elimination mechanisms, leading to multi-drug resistance. We hypothesize that dietary compounds will act as chemo-enhancers, thus enhancing potency of the chemotherapy drug(s) on …

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The Discovery And Characterization Of Novel Potent 5-Substituted 3, 3’, 4’, 7-Tetramethoxyflavonoid Dna Triplex Specific Binding Ligands, Vanessa Marie Rangel Jan 2023

The Discovery And Characterization Of Novel Potent 5-Substituted 3, 3’, 4’, 7-Tetramethoxyflavonoid Dna Triplex Specific Binding Ligands, Vanessa Marie Rangel

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Chemotherapy works by killing fast dividing cells. Unfortunately, these drugs are not specific to cancer tissue and can damage normal cells. Chemotherapy is like taking poison and hoping it kills the cancer cells before it kills you. As an alternative, many researchers have investigated the use of antigene therapy to selectively target cancer causing genes to avoid off target effects. Although promising, the theory is limited by the stability of the triplex structure. Here, we report the discovery of potent triplex binding ligands derived from the natural product quercetin. Chemical derivatives of 5-substituted 3, 3’, 4’, 7-tetramethoxyquercetin derivatives were characterized …

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Impact Of Converging Sociocultural And Substance-Related Trends On Us Autism Rates: Combined Geospatiotemporal And Causal Inferential Analysis, Albert Stuart Reece, Gary Kenneth Hulse Jan 2023

Impact Of Converging Sociocultural And Substance-Related Trends On Us Autism Rates: Combined Geospatiotemporal And Causal Inferential Analysis, Albert Stuart Reece, Gary Kenneth Hulse

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Whilst cannabis is known to be toxic to brain development, it is unknown if it is driving rising US autism rates (ASMR). A longitudinal epidemiological study was conducted using national autism census data from the US Department of Education Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) 1991–2011 and nationally representative drug exposure (cigarettes, alcohol, analgesic, and cocaine abuse, and cannabis use monthly, daily, and in pregnancy) datasets from National Survey of Drug Use and Health and US Census (income and ethnicity) and CDC Wonder population and birth data. Analysis was conducted in R. 266,950 were autistic of a population of 40,119,464 8-year-olds …

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Identifying Unexpected Inflammation Resulting From Drug-Drug Interactions, Keegan Jolly Jan 2023

Identifying Unexpected Inflammation Resulting From Drug-Drug Interactions, Keegan Jolly

All Master's Theses

Adverse drug events result in nearly 1.3 million emergency room visits per year in the United States of America. As much as 30% of these adverse events are a result of drug-drug interactions (DDI’s). There is a gap in knowledge concerning these DDI outcomes especially when it comes to inflammation. Inflammation is linked to a variety of chronic health conditions and non-infectious diseases such as cancer. Purpose: The goal of this study was to examine how many active drug ingredients from FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), when combined (in groups of two or more), elicit an inflammatory response …

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Evaluation Of Leishmanicidal Activities Of 4-Thiazolidinones Against Leishmania Major, The Causative Agent Of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Kiera Bush Jan 2023

Evaluation Of Leishmanicidal Activities Of 4-Thiazolidinones Against Leishmania Major, The Causative Agent Of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Kiera Bush

All Master's Theses

The leishmaniases are a group of vector-borne parasitic diseases that affect many developing countries including parts of Africa, India, and the Middle East in addition to Southern Europe and the Americas. It is estimated that worldwide, there are about 3 million new cases of leishmaniases each year leading to as many as 50,000 fatalities annually. The parasites that cause leishmaniasis belong to the genus Leishmania spp and are transmitted by the female phlebotomine sand fly. There are three clinical forms of the infection: visceral, mucocutaneous, and cutaneous. However, the focus of this paper is on cutaneous leishmaniasis that causes skin …

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Prescription Opioid Misuse And Addiction: Healthcare’S Contribution To The Opioid Epidemic And What Can Be Done About It, Emily Larsen, Katrina Ecke Jan 2023

Prescription Opioid Misuse And Addiction: Healthcare’S Contribution To The Opioid Epidemic And What Can Be Done About It, Emily Larsen, Katrina Ecke

Nursing | Senior Theses

Up to one in four patients undergoing prolonged opioid therapy in a primary care setting battle opioid addiction. In 2020, the CDC found that more than 16,000 deaths involving prescription opioids (limited to natural and semi-synthetic opioids and methadone) had occurred, which is equivalent to about 45 deaths per day. Opioid overdose death can be identified through three distinct waves; increased prescribing of opioids in the 1990’s began the first wave, the beginning of the second wave came in 2010 with a rapid increase in heroin related overdose deaths, and in 2013 the third wave began with a significant increase …

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Isoprenylation Inhibition Suppresses Fcεri-Mediated Mast Cell Function And Allergic Inflammation, Aditya Kotha, Jordan M. Dailey, Aslamuzzaman Kazi, Said Sebti, John J. Ryan Jan 2023

Isoprenylation Inhibition Suppresses Fcεri-Mediated Mast Cell Function And Allergic Inflammation, Aditya Kotha, Jordan M. Dailey, Aslamuzzaman Kazi, Said Sebti, John J. Ryan

Undergraduate Research Posters

Allergic disease is driven by cell signaling cascades that activate immune cells. One key player is mast cells, which is activated by IgE antibodies signaling through the high affinity IgE receptor, FceRI. Therefore, targeting FceRI-mediated cascades can offer for novel treatments for allergic disease. Statins have been demonstrated to reduce the severity of asthma, a common allergic airway disease. Statins are an FDA approved class of drugs with the intended purpose of lowering blood cholesterol. We previously found that while statins inhibit mast cell function in allergic disease, these anti-inflammatory effects vary widely amongst differing mouse strains and human donors, …

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Proposing An Rna Interference (Rnai)-Based Treatment For Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) By Analyzing The Post-Transcriptional Gene Targeting Of Sars-Cov-2, Hepatitis C Virus, And A549 Lung Cancer Cells, Arjun Jagdeesh Jan 2023

Proposing An Rna Interference (Rnai)-Based Treatment For Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) By Analyzing The Post-Transcriptional Gene Targeting Of Sars-Cov-2, Hepatitis C Virus, And A549 Lung Cancer Cells, Arjun Jagdeesh

Undergraduate Research Posters

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects CD4+ T cell lymphocytes in humans, leading to the development of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated. While current treatment methods, including antiretroviral combination treatments, effectively limit HIV replication, HIV can evade these treatments due to its high mutation rate. Long-term antiretroviral treatment can also be toxic to patients, meaning patients would benefit from a new mechanism of HIV treatment. RNA interference (RNAi) is an antiviral pathway found in mammals, plants, and insects that involves a small-interfering RNA that is incorporated into a protein complex called the RNA-induced Silencing Complex …

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Over-The-Counter Approval Of Progestin-Only Pills, Hannah Grace Donovan Jan 2023

Over-The-Counter Approval Of Progestin-Only Pills, Hannah Grace Donovan

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

Most women in the United States use contraception at some point in their life. While there are many types of short- and long-acting reversible birth control options available via prescription, the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) remains the most used reversible contraceptive agent. The proportion of those using an OCP is inversely proportional with age; more specifically, people who can get pregnant between the ages of 15 and 29 use OCPs most frequently. However, people in this age range may face increased barriers to obtaining contraception, such as cost, insurance, social and familial factors, policy, transportation, and access to healthcare. In …

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Observing Ceramide Pathway With Ferroptosis Via Mia Paca-2 Cell Treatment With Rsl3, Tazrin Rahman Jan 2023

Observing Ceramide Pathway With Ferroptosis Via Mia Paca-2 Cell Treatment With Rsl3, Tazrin Rahman

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid, ceramides are lipid molecules that serve as key metabolic signaling molecules of a sphingolipid pathway. While it acts as a precursor of complex sphingolipids, inducing ceramide generation can cause cell stress leading to subsequent cell death via apoptosis, necrosis, and even mitophagy. With regards to cell death specifically, a novel form of regulated cell death, ferroptosis, has recently been recognized of necrotic nature. Its unique morphological features and distinct properties have been observed over the last several decades; however, the molecular features were not identifiable as pure evidence of cell death, until recently …

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Investigation Into The Potential For Acquired Cross Tolerances Of Amphetamines, Benjamin Weldon Jan 2023

Investigation Into The Potential For Acquired Cross Tolerances Of Amphetamines, Benjamin Weldon

CMC Senior Theses

In the United States, the treatment of ADHD through use of psychostimulants in adolescents is a growing reality that many people know today and many more will know in the coming years. Although the effectiveness of psychostimulants is a known asset, the benefits of these medications may not be a permanent solution, suggesting not only the presence of a tolerance build up, but as many stimulants are prescribed in a joint effort to combat ADHD, a possible cross tolerance between two prescribed medications. There are minimal studies published that have addressed the topic of cross stimulation tolerance buildup between prescription …

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Aversive Reaction Between Disulfiram And Betel Quid Among Inpatients With Alcohol Use Disorder In Bhutan: A Preliminary Study, Ugyen Dem, Zimba Letho, Chencho Dorji, Damber K. Nirola, Sonam Choki, Tashi Dorji, Pelden Chejor Jan 2023

Aversive Reaction Between Disulfiram And Betel Quid Among Inpatients With Alcohol Use Disorder In Bhutan: A Preliminary Study, Ugyen Dem, Zimba Letho, Chencho Dorji, Damber K. Nirola, Sonam Choki, Tashi Dorji, Pelden Chejor

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Betel Quid (BQ) is commonly used in the Asia-Pacific region. Disulfiram is prescribed for people with alcohol use disorders (PwAUDs) after the completion of detoxification as an alternative to rehabilitation. This prospective observational study reports the aversive reactions and common symptoms of Disulfiram and BQ in PwAUDs. Participants included PwAUDs admitted to the psychiatric ward at the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital for detoxification, who were on Disulfiram and using BQ at the same time. Aversive reactions between Disulfiram and BQ were observed for 100 patients over a year. Twenty participants showed aversive reactions between BQ and Disulfiram. Common …

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Cannabis- And Substance-Related Carcinogenesis In Europe: A Lagged Causal Inferential Panel Regression Study, Albert S. Reece, Kellie Bennett, Gary K. Hulse Jan 2023

Cannabis- And Substance-Related Carcinogenesis In Europe: A Lagged Causal Inferential Panel Regression Study, Albert S. Reece, Kellie Bennett, Gary K. Hulse

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Recent European data facilitate an epidemiological investigation of the controversial cannabis–cancer relationship. Of particular concern were prior findings associating high-dose cannabis use with reproductive problems and potential genetic impacts. Cancer incidence data age-standardised to the world population was obtained from the European Cancer Information System 2000–2020 and many European national cancer registries. Drug use data were obtained from the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Alcohol and tobacco consumption was sourced from the WHO. Median household income was taken from the World bank. Cancer rates in high-cannabis-use countries were significantly higher than elsewhere ( -estimate = 0.4165, p …

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National Health And Medical Research Council Statement On Electronic Cigarettes: 2022 Update, Becky Freeman, Matthew J. Peters, Renee Bittoun, Richard Brightwell, Dallas R. English, David P. Thomas, Margaret F. A. Otlowski, Nicholas A. Zwar, Catherine Chamberlain Jan 2023

National Health And Medical Research Council Statement On Electronic Cigarettes: 2022 Update, Becky Freeman, Matthew J. Peters, Renee Bittoun, Richard Brightwell, Dallas R. English, David P. Thomas, Margaret F. A. Otlowski, Nicholas A. Zwar, Catherine Chamberlain

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in Australia has rapidly increased since the 2017 National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Chief Executive Officer (CEO) statement on e-cigarettes. The type of products available and the demographic characteristics of people using these products have changed. New evidence has been published and there is growing concern among public health professionals about the increased use, particularly among young people who do not currently smoke combustible cigarettes. The combination of these issues led NHMRC to review the current evidence and provide an updated statement on e-cigarettes. In this article, we describe the comprehensive process used …

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Factors Influencing Medication Adherence Among Adults Living With Diabetes And Comorbidities: A Qualitative Systematic Review, Kendall Gow, Amineh Qin, Lisa Whitehead Jan 2023

Factors Influencing Medication Adherence Among Adults Living With Diabetes And Comorbidities: A Qualitative Systematic Review, Kendall Gow, Amineh Qin, Lisa Whitehead

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose of review: Medication adherence plays an important role in improving health outcomes related to diabetes and comorbidity. The potential factors influencing medication adherence and how they contribute to health behaviors have not been synthesized to date. This review synthesized qualitative studies that identified factors influencing medication adherence among adults living with diabetes and comorbidity. Recent findings: Twenty-eight findings were extracted and synthesized into four themes: perceived support, lack of knowledge, medication issues, and the importance of routine. The findings highlight the factors that support medication adherence and areas that can be targeted to support and promote medication adherence. The …

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An Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Drug Development Collaboration Stimulated By The Virginia Drug Discovery Consortium, John S. Lazo, Ruben M.L. Colunga-Biancatelli, Pavel A. Solopov, John D. Catravas Jan 2023

An Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Drug Development Collaboration Stimulated By The Virginia Drug Discovery Consortium, John S. Lazo, Ruben M.L. Colunga-Biancatelli, Pavel A. Solopov, John D. Catravas

Bioelectrics Publications

The genesis of most older medicinal agents has generally been empirical. During the past one and a half centuries, at least in the Western countries, discovering and developing drugs has been primarily the domain of pharmaceutical companies largely built upon concepts emerging from organic chemistry. Public sector funding for the discovery of new therapeutics has more recently stimulated local, national, and international groups to band together and focus on new human disease targets and novel treatment approaches. This Perspective describes one contemporary example of a newly formed collaboration that was simulated by a regional drug discovery consortium. University of Virginia, …

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Identification Of Proteins Involved In Cell Membrane Permeabilization By Nanosecond Electric Pulses (Nsep), Giedre Silkuniene, Uma Mangalanathan, Alessandra Rossi, Peter A. Mollica, Andrei G. Pakhomov, Olga N. Pakhomova Jan 2023

Identification Of Proteins Involved In Cell Membrane Permeabilization By Nanosecond Electric Pulses (Nsep), Giedre Silkuniene, Uma Mangalanathan, Alessandra Rossi, Peter A. Mollica, Andrei G. Pakhomov, Olga N. Pakhomova

Bioelectrics Publications

The study was aimed at identifying endogenous proteins which assist or impede the permeabilized state in the cell membrane disrupted by nsEP (20 or 40 pulses, 300 ns width, 7 kV/cm). We employed a LentiArray CRISPR library to generate knockouts (KOs) of 316 genes encoding for membrane proteins in U937 human monocytes stably expressing Cas9 nuclease. The extent of membrane permeabilization by nsEP was measured by the uptake of Yo-Pro-1 (YP) dye and compared to sham-exposed KOs and control cells transduced with a non-targeting (scrambled) gRNA. Only two KOs, for SCNN1A and CLCA1 genes, showed a statistically significant reduction in …

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The Effects Of Sex On Zebrafish Bone Metabolism, Simon Bagatto Jan 2023

The Effects Of Sex On Zebrafish Bone Metabolism, Simon Bagatto

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

I investigated the effects of diet and sex on zebrafish bone metabolism. Zebrafish were subjected to either a high-calorie or low-calorie diet over a five-week period. After this diet, zebrafish scales were used to measure alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) enzyme activity with a fluorescent substrate. The enzyme activities were markers of the osteoblasts (ALP) and the osteoclasts (TRAP). These data were compared among sex and diet of the zebrafish using a repeated measures ANOVA statistical test. I also measured the number of resorption lacunae per scale (another indicator of osteoclast activity). The results showed higher TRAP …

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Nicotine And E-Cigarette Effect On Maximal Metabolic Rate (Mmr) In Procambarus Clarkii, Nathan Cuttica Jan 2023

Nicotine And E-Cigarette Effect On Maximal Metabolic Rate (Mmr) In Procambarus Clarkii, Nathan Cuttica

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The use of electronic cigarettes, commonly referred to as e-cigarettes or vapes, has increased exponentially in recent years despite the lack of research into potentially negative physiological effects. The rise in e-cigarette use is likely due to the overwhelming evidence regarding the addictive properties of nicotine and the damage caused by traditional tobacco cigarettes. Most e-cigarettes, however, still contain nicotine and are associated with a rise in nicotine-related intoxications (Belkoniene et al., 2019). There are nicotine-free e-cigarette options, which are gaining popularity, but it is unknown if they carry similar or other negative physiological effects. Studies involving e-cigarettes containing nicotine …

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Effects Of Electronic Cigarettes On The Standard Metabolic Rate Of Crayfish, Frank Shaffer Jan 2023

Effects Of Electronic Cigarettes On The Standard Metabolic Rate Of Crayfish, Frank Shaffer

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This study aims to examine the relationship between e-cigarettes (both with nicotine and without) and the effects on the standard metabolic rates of crayfish. In this experiment, 42 crayfish were divided into three treatment groups and exposed to a designated solution of either a control solution or a solution containing e-cigarette (nicotine or non-nicotine) vapor. Their standard metabolic rates were then measured by using oxygen uptake as a proxy. The results of this experiment indicate that there is no statistically significant relationship between the use of electronic cigarettes and the standard metabolic rate of crayfish. However, this study can be …

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Cultivating Health, Not Wealth In The United States' Healthcare System: Comprehensive Revisions For The Orphan Drug Act Of 1983, Kayla Smith Jan 2023

Cultivating Health, Not Wealth In The United States' Healthcare System: Comprehensive Revisions For The Orphan Drug Act Of 1983, Kayla Smith

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

This thesis explores the way in which the Orphan Drug Act of 1983, originally instituted in response to a lack of treatments for rare diseases in the United States of America, has failed to achieve its initial objectives in the 40 years since its implementation. In evaluating various successful examples of government subsidization programs designed to intervene in private industry, this thesis composes the criterion required for funding-based legislation which maximize market outcomes while minimizing tax-payer burden. An analysis of the synthetic organic chemistry industry – and a case study into the production of a particular orphan treatment for a …

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Interactions Between Hiv And Opioids On Antiretroviral Accumulation, The Blood Brain Barrier, And The Inflammatory Response In The Brain., Kara Rademeyer Jan 2023

Interactions Between Hiv And Opioids On Antiretroviral Accumulation, The Blood Brain Barrier, And The Inflammatory Response In The Brain., Kara Rademeyer

Theses and Dissertations

The complex mechanisms related to HIV infection, neurodegeneration, and chronic neuroinflammation collectively describe neuroHIV (Hauser et al. 2007; Chang et al. 2014; Smith et al. 2014). Specifically, opioid abuse, poor penetration of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, chronic inflammation and neuronal injury/degeneration are all implicated in neuroHIV (Fantuzzi et al. 2003; Letendre et al. 2004; Verani et al. 2005; Duncan and Sattentau 2011; Hong and Banks 2015; Simoes and Justino 2015; Olivier et al. 2018; Murphy et al. 2019; Osborne et al. 2020). For the first time, we demonstrate that morphine, fentanyl, and methadone in vivo alter the brain accumulation of ARVs, …

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Assessing Drug Development Proporties Of Antithrombotic And Anti - Cancer Agents, Elsamani I. Abdelfadiel Jan 2023

Assessing Drug Development Proporties Of Antithrombotic And Anti - Cancer Agents, Elsamani I. Abdelfadiel

Theses and Dissertations

The current GAG anticoagulants such as heparin, heparin derivatives, and vitamin K antagonists, such as warfarin continue to be the backbone of anticoagulant therapy. These drugs act through an indirect mechanism to convey inhibition of several coagulation enzymes. However, xv their use leads to several serious adverse effects, such as excessive bleeding risk and unpredictability of patient response. Regardless of their clinical achievement, every individual agent is accompanied by several side effects, particularly major/minor bleeding, thrombocytopenia, drug-food or drug-drug interactions, or absence of antidote. Of all these side effects, bleeding, and a lack of an effective antidote to reverse excessive …

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Application Of Mass Spectrometry For The Characterization Of Synthetic Oligomers And Natural Lignin, Poorya Kamali Jan 2023

Application Of Mass Spectrometry For The Characterization Of Synthetic Oligomers And Natural Lignin, Poorya Kamali

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

As part of the ongoing effort to substitute finite fuel and chemical resources with renewable ones, biomass is emerging as one of the most promising sources. Biomass consists of three main components of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Traditionally, cellulose has been used extensively in pulping industry, while lignin has been considered waste and is burned to generate heat. Lignin, a complex aromatic polymer component of biomass, has the potential to be used as a source of aromatic chemicals and pharmaceutical synthons. The recalcitrant nature of lignin, the lack of effective lignin breakdown methods and analytical techniques to analyze it are …

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Retail Pharmacies And Drug Diversion During The Opioid Epidemic, Aljoscha Janssen, Xuan Zhang Jan 2023

Retail Pharmacies And Drug Diversion During The Opioid Epidemic, Aljoscha Janssen, Xuan Zhang

Research Collection School Of Economics

This study investigates the role of retail pharmacy ownership in the opioid epidemic. Using data of prescription opioid orders, we show that compared with chain pharmacies, independent pharmacies dispense 39.1% more opioids and 60.5% more OxyContin. After an independent pharmacy becomes a chain pharmacy, opioid dispensing decreases. Using the OxyContin reformulation, which reduced non-medical demand but not the legitimate medical demand, we show that at least a third of the difference in the amount of OxyContin dispensed can be attributed to non-medical demand. We show that differences in competitive pressure and whether pharmacists own the pharmacy drive our estimates.

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Marine-Based Candidates As Potential Rsk1 Inhibitors: A Computational Study, Amgad Albohy, Mousa Altarabeen, Peter Proksch, Qosay Al-Balas, Werner Ernst Georg Müller Jan 2023

Marine-Based Candidates As Potential Rsk1 Inhibitors: A Computational Study, Amgad Albohy, Mousa Altarabeen, Peter Proksch, Qosay Al-Balas, Werner Ernst Georg Müller

Pharmacy

Manzamines are chemically related compounds extracted from the methanolic extract of Acanthostrongylophora ingens species. Seven compounds were identified by our research group and are being characterized. As their biological target is unknown, this work is based on previous screening work performed by Mayer et al., who revealed that manzamine A could be an inhibitor of RSK1 kinase. Within this work, the RSK1 N-terminal kinase domain is exploited as a target for our work and the seven compounds are docked using Autodock Vina software. The results show that one of the most active compounds, Manzamine A N-oxide (5), with an IC50 …

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