Biomedical Informatics Commons^™

A Predictive Chromatin Architecture Nexus Regulates Transcription And Dna Damage Repair, Audesh Bhat, Sonali Bhan, Aindrila Kabiraj, Raj K Pandita, Keneth S Ramos, Sandhik Nandi, Shreya Sopori, Parthas S Sarkar, Arti Dhar, Shruti Pandita, Rakesh Kumar, Chandrima Das, John A Tainer, Tej K Pandita

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Genomes are blueprints of life essential for an organism's survival, propagation, and evolutionary adaptation. Eukaryotic genomes comprise of DNA, core histones, and several other nonhistone proteins, packaged into chromatin in the tiny confines of nucleus. Chromatin structural organization restricts transcription factors to access DNA, permitting binding only after specific chromatin remodeling events. The fundamental processes in living cells, including transcription, replication, repair, and recombination, are thus regulated by chromatin structure through ATP-dependent remodeling, histone variant incorporation, and various covalent histone modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. These modifications, particularly involving histone variant H2AX, furthermore play crucial roles in DNA damage …

Reducing Igg Accumulation Via Neonatal Fc Receptor (Fcrn) Blockade Relieves Neuropathic Pain, Nathan T Fiore, Kendal F Willcox, Dorsa Dayani, Younus A Zuberi, Cobi J Heijnen, Peter M Grace

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Preclinical and clinical studies have established that autoreactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) can drive neuropathic pain. We recently demonstrated that sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) in male and female mice results in the production of pronociceptive IgG, which accumulates around the lumbar region, including within the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord, facilitating the development of neuropathic pain. These data raise the intriguing possibility that neuropathic pain may be alleviated by reducing the accumulation of IgG. To this end, we tested whether biologic inhibition or genetic deletion of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) would attenuate mechanical hypersensitivity (allodynia) and …

Imgn853 Induces Autophagic Cell Death In Combination Therapy For Ovarian Cancer, Anca Chelariu-Raicu, Thanh Chung Vu, Sujanitha Umamaheswaran, Elaine Stur, Pahul Hanjra, Yunah Han, Min Hu, Jerome Lin, Barrett C Lawson, Jinsong Liu, Anil K Sood, Yunfei Wen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

FOLR1 is heterogeneously overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer. We examined the combined effects of the anti-FOLR1 antibody-drug conjugate (IMGN853) with other drugs, including topotecan, anti-VEGF-A antibody, and olaparib. These findings could contribute to the continued development of IMGN853 in the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Fructose Induces Inflammatory Activation In Macrophages And Microglia Through The Nutrient-Sensing Ghrelin Receptor, Zheng Shen, Zeyu Liu, Hongying Wang, Danilo Landrock, Ji Yeon Noh, Qun Sophia Zang, Chih-Hao Lee, Yuhua Z Farnell, Zheng Chen, Yuxiang Sun

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a commonly used sweetener in soft drinks and processed foods, and HFCS exacerbates inflammation when consumed in excess. Fructose, a primary component of HFCS; however, it is unclear whether fructose directly activates inflammatory signaling. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is a receptor of the nutrient‐sensing hormone ghrelin. We previously reported that GHSR ablation mitigates HFCS‐induced inflammation in adipose tissue and liver, shifting macrophages toward an anti‐inflammatory spectrum. Since inflammation is primarily governed by innate immune cells, such as macrophages in the peripheral tissues and microglia in the brain, this study aims to investigate whether …

Chemogenetic Activation Of Microglial Gi Signaling Decreases Microglial Surveillance And Impairs Neuronal Synchronization, Shunyi Zhao, Lingxiao Wang, Dimitrios Kleidonas, Fangfang Qi, Yue Liang, Jiaying Zheng, Anthony D Umpierre, Long-Jun Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Microglia actively survey the brain and dynamically interact with neurons to maintain brain homeostasis. Microglial Gi protein-coupled receptors (Gi-GPCRs) play a critical role in microglia-neuron communications. However, the impact of temporally activating microglial Gi signaling on microglial dynamics and neuronal activity in the homeostatic brain remains largely unknown. In this study, we used Gi-based designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (Gi-DREADD) to selectively and temporally modulate microglial Gi signaling pathway. By integrating this chemogenetic approach with in vivo two-photon imaging, we observed that exogenous activation of microglial Gi signaling transiently inhibited microglial process dynamics, reduced neuronal activity, and impaired …

Muscle-Specific Errγ Activation Mitigates Muscle Atrophy After Acl Injury, Aiping Lu, Katie J Sikes, Ping Guo, Matthieu Huard, Shelbi Green, Kelly Santangelo, Jacob Singer, Ashley Groesbeck, Scott Tashman, Vihang A Narkar, Johnny Huard

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury adversely affects skeletal muscle, leading to muscle atrophy and weakness, significantly impacting clinical outcomes. This study aimed to determine if estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) overexpression in skeletal muscle could mitigate muscle atrophy after ACL injury. An animal model with selective overexpression of ERRγ in skeletal muscle (ERR-gamma transgenic mice, TG) and WT control mice were used for this study. All the mice received a mechanical ACL rupture and were euthanized at 4- and 8-week post-injury. Muscle histology, atrophy, and function were evaluated and compared between the TG and WT mice. Muscle-specific ERRγ activation in TG …

Ultra-Low Extracorporeal Volume Microfluidic Leukapheresis Is Safe And Effective In A Rat Model, Mubasher Iqbal, Alexandra L Mclennan, Anton Mukhamedshin, Mai T P Dinh, Qisheng Liu, Jacob J Junco, Arvind Mohan, Poyyapakkam R Srivaths, Karen R Rabin, Thomas P Fogarty, Sean C Gifford, Sergey S Shevkoplyas, Fong W Lam

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Leukapheresis is a potentially life-saving therapy for children with symptomatic hyperleukocytosis. However, the standard centrifugation-based approach exposes pediatric patients to significant complications due to its large extracorporeal volume, high flow rates, and considerable platelet loss. Here, we tested whether performing cell separation with a high-throughput microfluidic technology could alleviate these limitations. In vitro, our microfluidic devices removed ~85% of large leukocytes and ~90% of spiked leukemic blasts from undiluted human whole blood, while minimizing platelet losses. Multiplexed devices connected in parallel allowed for faster, clinically relevant flow rates in vitro with no difference in leukocyte collection efficiency. When connected to …

Aberrant Choroid Plexus Formation Drives The Development Of Treatment-Related Brain Toxicity, Tamara Bender, Esther Schickel, Celine Schielke, Jürgen Debus, David R Grosshans, Marco Durante, Insa S Schroeder

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Brain tumors are commonly treated with radiotherapy, but the efficacy of the treatment is limited by its toxicity to the normal tissue including post-irradiation contrast enhanced lesions often linked to necrosis. The poorly understood mechanisms behind such brain lesions were studied using cerebral organoids. Here we show that irradiation of such organoids leads to dose-dependent growth retardation and formation of liquid-filled cavities but is not correlated with necrosis. Instead, the radiation-induced changes comprise of an enhancement of cortical hem markers, altered neuroepithelial stem cell differentiation, and an increase of ZO1+/AQP1+/CLDN3+-choroid plexus (CP)-like structures accompanied by an upregulation of IGF2 mRNA, …

Antibiotic-Induced Loss Of Gut Microbiome Metabolic Output Correlates With Clinical Responses To Car T-Cell Therapy, Rishika Prasad, Abdur Rehman, Lubna Rehman, Faezeh Darbaniyan, Viktoria Blumenberg, Maria-Luisa Schubert, Uria Mor, Eli Zamir, Sabine Schmidt, Tomo Hayase, Chia-Chi Chang, Lauren Mcdaniel, Ivonne Flores, Paolo Strati, Ranjit Nair, Dai Chihara, Luis E Fayad, Sairah Ahmed, Swaminathan P Iyer, Michael Wang, Preetesh Jain, Loretta J Nastoupil, Jason Westin, Reetakshi Arora, Joel Turner, Fareed Khawaja, Ranran Wu, Jennifer B Dennison, Meghan Menges, Melanie Hidalgo-Vargas, Kayla Reid, Marco L Davila, Peter Dreger, Felix Korell, Anita Schmitt, Mark R Tanner, Richard E Champlin, Christopher R Flowers, Elizabeth J Shpall, Samir Hanash, Sattva S Neelapu, Michael Schmitt, Marion Subklewe, Johannes Francois-Fahrmann, C K Stein-Thoeringer, Eran Elinav, Michael D Jain, Eiko Hayase, Robert R Jenq, Neeraj Y Saini

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Antibiotic (ABX)–induced microbiome dysbiosis is widespread in oncology, adversely affecting outcomes and side effects of various cancer treatments, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies. In this study, we observed that prior exposure to broad-spectrum ABXs with extended anaerobic coverage such as piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem was associated with worse anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy survival outcomes in patients with large B-cell lymphoma (N = 422) than other ABX classes. In a discovery subset of these patients (n = 67), we found that the use of these ABXs was in turn associated with substantial dysbiosis of gut microbiome function, …

Aif3 Splicing Variant Elicits Mitochondrial Malfunction Via The Concurrent Dysregulation Of Electron Transport Chain And Glutathione-Redox Homeostasis, Mi Zhou, Shuiqiao Liu, Yanan Wang, Bo Zhang, Ming Zhu, Jennifer E Wang, Veena Rajaram, Yisheng Fang, Weibo Luo, Yingfei Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Genetic mutations in apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) have a strong association with mitochondrial disorders; however, little is known about the aberrant splicing variants in affected patients and how these variants contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and brain development defects. We identified pathologic AIF3/AIF3-like splicing variants in postmortem brain tissues of pediatric individuals with mitochondrial disorders. Mutations in AIFM1 exon-2/3 increase splicing risks. AIF3-splicing disrupts mitochondrial complexes, membrane potential, and respiration, causing brain development defects. Mechanistically, AIF is a mammalian NAD(P)H dehydrogenase and possesses glutathione reductase activity controlling respiratory chain functions and glutathione regeneration. Conversely, AIF3, lacking these activities, disassembles mitochondrial complexes, increases …

Oral Inflammation And Microbiome Dysbiosis Exacerbate Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Yui Kambara, Hideaki Fujiwara, Akira Yamamoto, Kazuyoshi Gotoh, Shuma Tsuji, Mari Kunihiro, Tadashi Oyama, Toshiki Terao, Ayame Sato, Takehiro Tanaka, Daniel Peltier, Keisuke Seike, Hisakazu Nishimori, Noboru Asada, Daisuke Ennishi, Keiko Fujii, Nobuharu Fujii, Ken-Ichi Matsuoka, Yoshihiko Soga, Pavan Reddy, Yoshinobu Maeda

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The oral microbiota, second in abundance to the gut, is implicated in chronic systemic diseases, but its specific role in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) pathogenesis has been unclear. Our study finds that mucositis-induced oral dysbiosis in patients after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) associated with increased chronic GVHD (cGVHD), even in patients receiving posttransplant cyclophosphamide. In murine HCT models, oral dysbiosis caused by bilateral molar ligatures exacerbated cGVHD and increased bacterial load in the oral cavity and gut, with Enterococcaceae significantly increasing in both organs. In this model, the migration of Enterococcaceae to cervical lymph nodes both before and after transplantation activated …

Nanrilkefusp Alfa (Sot101), An Il-15 Receptor Βγ Superagonist, As A Single Agent Or With Anti-Pd-1 In Patients With Advanced Cancers, Stephane Champiat, Elena Garralda, Vladimir Galvao, Philippe A Cassier, Carlos Gomez-Roca, Iphigenie Korakis, Peter Grell, Aung Naing, Patricia Lorusso, Romana Mikyskova, Nada Podzimkova, Milan Reinis, Kaissa Ouali, Andreu Schoenenberger, Joachim Kiemle-Kallee, Sascha Tillmanns, Richard Sachse, Ulrich Moebius, Radek Spisek, David Bechard, Lenka Palova Jelinkova, Irena Adkins, Aurelien Marabelle

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Nanrilkefusp alfa (nanril; SOT101) is an interleukin (IL)-15 receptor βγ superagonist that stimulates natural killer (NK) and CD8

Single-Cell Analysis Of Neoplastic Plasma Cells Identifies Myeloma Pathobiology Mediators And Potential Targets, Luz Yurany Moreno Rueda, Hua Wang, Keiko Akagi, Minghao Dang, Amishi Vora, Li Qin, Hans C Lee, Krina K Patel, Pei Lin, David E Mery, Fenghuang Zhan, John D Shaughnessy, Qing Yi, Yang Song, Bo Jiang, Maura L Gillison, Sheeba K Thomas, Donna M Weber, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Isere Kuiatse, Elisabet E Manasanch, David E Symer, Robert Z Orlowski

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Multiple myeloma is a clonal plasma cell (PC) dyscrasia that arises from precursors and has been studied utilizing approaches focused on CD138+ cells. By combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with scB-cell receptor sequencing (scBCR-seq), we differentiate monoclonal/neoplastic from polyclonal/normal PCs and find more dysregulated genes, especially in precursor patients, than we would have by analyzing bulk PCs. To determine whether this approach can identify oncogenes that contribute to disease pathobiology, mitotic arrest deficient-2 like-1 (MAD2L1) and S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-2 (MAT2A) are validated as targets with drug-like molecules that suppress myeloma growth in preclinical models. Moreover, functional studies show a …

Mitochondrial Defects And Metabolic Vulnerabilities In Lynch Syndrome-Associated Msh2-Deficient Endometrial Cancer, Mikayla Borthwick Bowen, Brenda Melendez, Qian Zhang, Diana Moreno, Leah Peralta, Wai Kin Chan, Collene Jeter, Lin Tan, M Anna Zal, Philip L Lorenzi, Kenneth Dunner, Richard K Yang, Russell R Broaddus, Joseph Celestino, Nisha Gokul, Elizabeth Whitley, Deena M Scoville, Tae Hoon Kim, Jae-Wook Jeong, Rosemarie Schmandt, Karen Lu, Hyun-Eui Kim, Melinda S Yates

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Lynch syndrome (LS), caused by inherited mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes, including MSH2, carries a 60% lifetime risk of developing endometrial cancer (EC). Beyond hypermutability, mechanisms driving LS-associated EC (LS-EC) remain unclear. We investigated MSH2 loss in EC pathogenesis using a mouse model (PR-Cre Msh2LoxP/LoxP, abbreviated Msh2KO), primary cell lines, human tissues, and human EC cells with isogenic MSH2 knockdown. By 8 months, 58% of Msh2KO mice developed endometrial atypical hyperplasia (AH), a precancerous lesion. At 12-16 months, 50% of Msh2KO mice exhibited either AH or ECs with histologic similarities to human LS-ECs. Transcriptomic profiling of EC from Msh2KO …

Natural And Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles In Diagnosis, Monitoring And Treatment Of Cancer, Xin Luo, Kathleen M Mcandrews, Raghu Kalluri

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell derived nanovesicles which are implicated in both physiological and pathological intercellular communication, including the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. The exchange of biomolecules between stromal cells and cancer cells via EVs can provide a window to monitor cancer development in real time for better diagnostic and interventional strategies. In addition, the process of secretion and internalization of EVs by stromal and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can be exploited for delivering therapeutics. EVs have the potential to provide a targeted, biocompatible, and efficient delivery platform for the treatment of cancer and other …

Inhibition Of Histone Methyltransferase Ezh2 For Immune Interception Of Colorectal Cancer In Lynch Syndrome, Charles M Bowen, Fahriye Duzagac, Abel Martel-Martel, Laura Reyes-Uribe, Mahira Zaheer, Jacklyn Thompson, Nan Deng, Ria Sinha, Soham Mazumdar, Melissa W Taggart, Abhinav K Jain, Elena Tosti, Winfried Edelmann, Krishna M Sinha, Eduardo Vilar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Colorectal precancers in Lynch syndrome (LS) exhibit a distinct immune profile, presenting unique opportunities for developing immune-interception strategies to prevent carcinogenesis. Epigenetic modulation by EZH2 of immune-related genes is implicated in the carcinogenesis of different cancer types, including colorectal cancer. This study utilizes a mouse model of LS and ex vivo colonic organoids to assess the effects of the EZH2 inhibitor GSK503 on immune regulatory pathways, tumorigenesis, and epigenetic reprogramming. Our findings revealed that GSK503 significantly increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in both splenocytes and colonic mucosa of treated mice compared with controls. Additionally, a preventive dose of GSK503 …

Repeat Expansion In A Fragile X Model Is Independent Of Double Strand Break Repair Mediated By Pol Θ, Rad52, Rad54 Or Rad54b, Bruce E Hayward, Geum-Yi Kim, Carson J Miller, Cai Mccann, Megan G Lowery, Richard D Wood, Karen Usdin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Microsatellite instability is responsible for the human repeat expansion diseases (REDs). The mutagenic process differs from classical cancer-associated microsatellite instability (MSI) in that it requires the mismatch repair proteins that normally protect against MSI. LIG4, an enzyme essential for non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), the major pathway for double-strand break repair (DSBR) in mammalian cells, protects against expansion in mouse models. Thus, NHEJ may compete with the expansion pathway for access to a common intermediate. This raises the possibility that expansion involves an NHEJ-independent form of DSBR. Pol θ, a polymerase involved in the theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ) DSBR pathway, has been …

Nprl2 Gene Therapy Induces Effective Antitumor Immunity In Kras/Stk11 Mutant Anti-Pd1 Resistant Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc) In A Humanized Mouse Model, Ismail M Meraz, Mourad Majidi, Renduo Song, Feng Meng, Lihui Gao, Qi Wang, Jing Wang, Elizabeth J Shpall, Jack A Roth

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Expression of NPRL2/TUSC4, a tumor-suppressor gene, is reduced in many cancers including NSCLC. Restoration of NPRL2 induces DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell-cycle arrest. We investigated NPRL2 antitumor immune responses in aPD1R/KRAS/STK11^mt NSCLC in humanized-mice. Humanized-mice were generated by transplanting fresh human cord blood-derived CD34 stem cells into sub-lethally irradiated NSG mice. Lung-metastases were developed from KRAS/STK11^mt/aPD1R A549 cells and treated with NPRL2 w/wo pembrolizumab. NPRL2-treatment reduced lung metastases significantly, whereas pembrolizumab was ineffective. Antitumor effect was greater in humanized than non-humanized-mice. NPRL2 + pembrolizumab was not synergistic in KRAS/STK11^mt/aPD1R tumors but was …

Bbox1 Restrains Tbk1-Mtorc1 Oncogenic Signaling In Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma, Chengheng Liao, Lianxin Hu, Liwei Jia, Jin Zhou, Tao Wang, Kangsan Kim, Hua Zhong, Hongwei Yao, Lei Dong, Lei Guo, Qian Liang, Cheng Zhang, Fangzhou Zhao, Jun Fang, Hongyi Liu, Shina Li, Lin Xu, Jeremy M Simon, Srinivas Malladi, Payal Kapur, James Brugarolas, Ralph J Deberardinis, Qing Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), a metabolic disease originating from renal proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) epithelial cells, remains incompletely understood in terms of its initiating signaling events. Here, we identify γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase 1 (BBOX1), a key enzyme in carnitine synthesis predominantly expressed in PCT cells, as a tumor suppressor in ccRCC. BBOX1 expression is lost during ccRCC malignant transformation, and its restoration reduces cell viability in physiological medium and inhibits xenograft tumor growth. Transcriptomic analyses reveal that BBOX1 suppresses critical metabolic pathways including mTORC1 signaling and glycolysis in ccRCC. Further, we identify TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) as an essential …

Engineered Immunomodulatory Extracellular Vesicles From Epithelial Cells With The Capacity For Stimulation Of Innate And Adaptive Immunity In Cancer And Autoimmunity, Xin Luo, Fernanda G Kugeratski, Dara P Dowlatshahi, Hikaru Sugimoto, Kent A Arian, Yibo Fan, Li Huang, Danielle Wills, Sergio Lilla, Kelly Hodge, Sara R Zanivan, Valerie S Lebleu, Kathleen M Mcandrews, Raghu Kalluri

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generated by all cells. Systemic administration of allogenic EVs derived from epithelial and mesenchymal cells have been shown to be safe, despite carrying an array of functional molecules, including thousands of proteins. To address whether epithelial cells derived EVs can be modified to acquire the capacity to induce immune response, we engineered 293T EVs to harbor the immunomodulatory molecules CD80, OX40L and PD-L1. We demonstrated abundant levels of these proteins on the engineered cells and EVs. Functionally, the engineered EVs efficiently elicited positive and negative co-stimulation of human and murine T cells. In the setting of …

Oncogenic Kras Mutations Confer A Unique Mechanotransduction Response To Peristalsis In Colorectal Cancer Cells, Abigail J Clevenger, Claudia A Collier, John Paul M Gorley, Sarah Colijn, Maygan K Mcfarlin, Spencer C Solberg, Scott Kopetz, Amber N Stratman, Shreya A Raghavan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Colorectal cancer tumors start as polyps on the inner lining of the colorectum, in which they are exposed to the mechanics of peristalsis. Our previous work leveraged a custom-built peristalsis bioreactor to demonstrate that colonic peristalsis led to cancer stem cell enrichment in colorectal cancer cells. However, this malignant mechanotransductive response was confined to select colorectal cancer lines that harbored an oncogenic mutation in the Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) gene. In this study, we explored the involvement of activating KRAS mutations on peristalsis-associated mechanotransduction in colorectal cancer. Peristalsis enriched cancer stem cell marker Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 …

Preclinical Efficacy Of Cdk7 Inhibitor-Based Combinations Against Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Transformed To Aml, Warren Fiskus, Christopher P Mill, Prithviraj Bose, Lucia Masarova, Naveen Pemmaraju, Andrew Dunbar, Christine E Birdwell, John A Davis, Kaberi Das, Hanxi Hou, Taghi Manshouri, Antrix Jain, Anna Malovannaya, Kevin Philip, Noor Alhamadani, Alicia Matthews, Katie Lin, Lauren B Flores, Sanam Loghavi, Courtney Dinardo, Xiaoping Su, Raajit K Rampal, Kapil N Bhalla

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Rising blast percentage or secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) transformation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) leads to JAK1/2 inhibitor (JAKi) therapy resistance and poor survival. Here, we demonstrate that treatment with the CDK7 inhibitor (CDK7i) SY-5609 depletes phenotypically characterized post-MPN sAML stem/progenitor cells. In cultured post-MPN sAML SET2, HEL and patient-derived (PD) post-MPN sAML cells, SY-5609 treatment inhibited growth and induced lethality while sparing normal cells. RNA-sequencing analysis after SY-5609 treatment reduced mRNA expression of MYC, MYB, CDK4/6, PIM1, and CCND1 but increased expression of CDKN1A and BCL2L1. Mass spectrometry of SY-5609-treated MPN-sAML cells also reduced c-Myc, c-Myb, PIM1, and CDK4/6 …

Brd7 Loss Reawakens Dormant Metastasis Initiating Cells In Lung By Forging An Immunosuppressive Niche, Jayanta Mondal, Junfeng Zhang, Feng Qing, Shunping Li, Dhiraj Kumar, Jason T Huse, Filippo G Giancotti

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Metastasis in cancer is influenced by epigenetic factors. Using an in vivo screen, we demonstrate that several subunits of the polybromo-associated BAF (PBAF) chromatin remodeling complex, particularly Brd7, are required for maintaining breast cancer metastatic dormancy in the lungs of female mice. Brd7 loss induces metastatic reawakening, along with modifications in epigenomic landscapes and upregulated oncogenic signaling. Breast cancer cells harboring Brd7 inactivation also reprogram the surrounding immune microenvironment by downregulating MHC-1 expression and promoting a pro-metastatic cytokine profile. Flow cytometric and single-cell analyses reveal increased levels of pro-tumorigenic inflammatory and transitional neutrophils, CD8+ exhausted T cells, and CD4+ stress …

Theranostic Nanoemulsions Suppress Macrophage-Mediated Acute Inflammation In Rats, Riddhi Vichare, Yalcin Kulahci, Rebecca Mccallin, Fatih Zor, Fatma Nurefsan Selek, Lu Liu, Caitlin Crelli, Anneliese Troidle, Michele Herneisey, James M Nichols, Andrew J Shepherd, Vijay S Gorantla, Jelena M Janjic

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In inflammatory diseases or following an injury, dysregulated inflammation is a common driver of pain and tissue damage. Macrophages are immune cells that contribute to the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of inflammation due to their phenotypic plasticity in response to signals from inflammatory microenvironments. Macrophages infiltrate and polarize toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype (M

Diet Therapy Abates Mutant Apc And Kras Effects By Reshaping Plasma Membrane Cholesterol Nanodomains, Eunjoo Kim, Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras, Mónica Muñoz-Vega, Natividad R Fuentes, Michael L Salinas, Miranda J George, Roger S Zoh, Martha E Hensel, Bhimanagouda S Patil, Ivan Ivanov, Nancy D Turner, Robert S Chapkin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cholesterol-enriched plasma membrane domains are known to serve as signaling platforms in a diverse array of cellular processes. However, the link between cholesterol homeostasis and mutant APC-KRas-associated colorectal tumorigenesis remains to be established. Thus, we investigated the impact of Apc-Kras on 1) colonocyte plasma membrane cholesterol homeostasis, order, and receptor nanoclustering, 2) colonocyte cell proliferation, and 3) whether these effects are modulated by select membrane active dietaries (MADs). We observed that oncogenic APC-KRas increased membrane order by perturbing cholesterol homeostasis when cell proliferation is upregulated, in part by altering the expression of genes associated with cholesterol influx, export and de …

Antitumor Activity And Biomarker Analysis For Trop2 Antibody-Drug Conjugate Datopotamab Deruxtecan In Patient-Derived Breast Cancer Xenograft Models, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Erkan Yuca, Kurt W Evans, Ming Zhao, Takanori Maejima, Tsuyoshi Karibe, Maria Gabriela Raso, Ximing Tang, Xiaofeng Zheng, Yasmeen Qamar Rizvi, Argun Akcakanat, Stephen M Scott, Bailiang Wang, Lauren A Byers, Debu Tripathy, Daisuke Okajima, Senthil Damodaran

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is a humanized anti-trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2 (TROP2) IgG1 mAb linked to a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor payload (DXd). Dato-DXd has already shown antitumor activity in breast cancer; however, the determinants of response, including the importance of TROP2 expression, remain unclear. We tested the activity of Dato-DXd in a panel of breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (BCX) varying in TROP2 expression.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The antitumor activity of Dato-DXd and isotype-control-DXd (IgG-DXd) was assessed against 11 BCXs varying in TROP2 expression, 10 representing tumors postneoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pharmacodynamic effects were assessed at 24 and 72 hours. The effects of TROP2 …

Plant-Nanoparticles Enhance Anti-Pd-L1 Efficacy By Shaping Human Commensal Microbiota Metabolites, Yun Teng, Chao Luo, Xiaolan Qiu, Jingyao Mu, Mukesh K Sriwastva, Qingbo Xu, Minmin Liu, Xin Hu, Fangyi Xu, Lifeng Zhang, Juw Won Park, Jae Yeon Hwang, Maiying Kong, Zhanxu Liu, Xiang Zhang, Raobo Xu, Jun Yan, Michael L Merchant, Craig J Mcclain, Huang-Ge Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Diet has emerged as a key impact factor for gut microbiota function. However, the complexity of dietary components makes it difficult to predict specific outcomes. Here we investigate the impact of plant-derived nanoparticles (PNP) on gut microbiota and metabolites in context of cancer immunotherapy with the humanized gnotobiotic mouse model. Specifically, we show that ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticle (GELN) preferentially taken up by Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae mediated by digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and glycine, respectively. We further demonstrate that GELN aly-miR159a-3p enhances anti-PD-L1 therapy in melanoma by inhibiting the expression of recipient bacterial phospholipase C (PLC) and increases the accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid …

Cancer Cells Avoid Ferroptosis Induced By Immune Cells Via Fatty Acid Binding Proteins, Maria Angelica Freitas-Cortez, Fatemeh Masrorpour, Hong Jiang, Iqbal Mahmud, Yue Lu, Ailing Huang, Lisa K Duong, Qi Wang, Tiffany A Voss, Claudia S Kettlun Leyton, Bo Wei, Wai-Kin Chan, Kevin Lin, Jie Zhang, Efrosini Tsouko, Shonik Ganjoo, Hampartsoum B Barsoumian, Thomas S Riad, Yun Hu, Carola Leuschner, Nahum Puebla-Osorio, Jing Wang, Jian Hu, Michael A Davies, Vinay K Puduvalli, Cyrielle Billon, Thomas P Burris, Philip L Lorenzi, Boyi Gan, James W Welsh

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Cancer creates an immunosuppressive environment that hampers immune responses, allowing tumors to grow and resist therapy. One way the immune system fights back is by inducing ferroptosis, a type of cell death, in tumor cells through CD8 + T cells. This involves lipid peroxidation and enzymes like lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (Lpcat3), which makes cells more prone to ferroptosis. However, the mechanisms by which cancer cells avoid immunotherapy-mediated ferroptosis are unclear. Our study reveals how cancer cells evade ferroptosis and anti-tumor immunity through the upregulation of fatty acid-binding protein 7 (Fabp7).

Methods: To explore how cancer cells resist immune cell-mediated …

Status Of Abortion Curriculum In Genetic Counseling: Survey Of Graduate Programs And Recent Graduates In The United States, Gina Sanchez, S Shahrukh Hashmi, Erica Bednar, Sarah Horvath, Bhavik Kumar, Katelynn Sagaser, Claire N Singletary, Aarti Ramdaney

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Genetic counselors (GCs) are trained to help individuals navigate the medical and psychological implications of genetic test results, familial conditions, and ultrasound anomalies. Therefore, familiarity with reproductive options, including abortion, is vital. However, previous studies have found gaps in GCs' knowledge regarding abortion care and there are currently no recommendations regarding abortion curriculum. This study aimed to assess the state of abortion curriculum in genetic counseling graduate programs in the United States and to examine and compare the satisfaction levels of program representatives and recent graduates. Program representatives and recent graduates were invited to complete an anonymous survey evaluating the …

Human Hypofunctional Ncf1 Variants Promote Pulmonary Fibrosis In The Bleomycin-Induced Mouse Model And Patients With Systemic Sclerosis Via Expansion Of Spphuman Hypofunctional Ncf1 Variants Promote Pulmonary Fibrosis In The Bleomycin-Induced Mouse Model And Systemic Sclerosis Patients Via Expansion Of Spp1+ Monocytes-Derived Macrophages, Xinran Yuan, Xiaodong Qin, Kenji Takemoto, Jian Zhao, Matthew Sanderson, Xue Xu, Yu Zhang, Kristi L Helke, Bethany Jacobs Wolf, Joel M Guthridge, Judith A James, Xiaodong Zhou, Shervin Assassi, Carol Feghali-Bostwick, Dandan Wang, Lingyun Sun, Betty P Tsao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: We assessed the role of a systemic lupus erythematosus causal hypofunctional variant, neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1)-p.Arg90His (p.R90H) substitution, in systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods: Association of NCF1-H90 with SSc was performed in case-control cohorts, bleomycin (BLM)-treated Ncf1-R90 C57BL/6 wildtype and Ncf1-H90 knock-in (KI) littermates. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets were analysed by cytometry by time-of-flight.

Results: The NCF1-H90 allele is associated with risk for diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) in Chinese and European Americans, and lung fibrosis in Chinese patients with SSc (OR=2.09, p=7.96E-10). Low copy number of NCF1 associated with lung fibrosis in European Americans (OR=4.33, p=2.60E-2). BLM-treated …