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Full-Text Articles in Anatomy
Effects Of Sepsis On Nerve Evoked Responses, Kevin Richard Novak
Effects Of Sepsis On Nerve Evoked Responses, Kevin Richard Novak
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Sepsis and SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) have become two expensive and complicated problems seen in the intensive care unit (ICU). These two illnesses have been known to cause dysfunction with excitable tissues in the body. Encephalopathy, neuropathy, and myopathy are the three biggest. In this paper we discuss the development of an animal model of sepsis and the neurological complications sepsis brought about. Nerve conduction studies showed increased durations on compound muscle action potential, and decreased amplitude as well as increased duration and latency on sensory nerve action potentials. These results were not consistent with the two most common …
Oxidative Stress And Cell Death In Osmotically Swollen Glial Cells, Crystal Elaine Stuckey
Oxidative Stress And Cell Death In Osmotically Swollen Glial Cells, Crystal Elaine Stuckey
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Regulation of normal volume is an important aspect of cell homeostasis. Possible mechanisms which signal volume regulation are increasing the rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and release of ATP for interaction with purinergic receptors. We examined whether an increase in ROS production during cell swelling also led to cell injury of C6 glioma cells. Cells were loaded with 5,6-carboxy-2,7-dihydrofluorscein diacetate (DCFDA) to fluoroscopically measure the rate of cellular ROS production and were perfused with phosphate-buffered saline solutions (PBS) containing 100 μM carbenoxolone to inhibit dye efflux. Cell death was determined cytometrically and by measuring the release of lactate …
Effects Of Subcutaneous Postnatal Choline Supplementation On Hippocampus-Mediated Learning And Memory In Rat Pups, Jeremy Alan Moore
Effects Of Subcutaneous Postnatal Choline Supplementation On Hippocampus-Mediated Learning And Memory In Rat Pups, Jeremy Alan Moore
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The effects of postnatal injections of choline on the acquisition of two variants of eyeblink conditioning were examined in developing Long-Evans rat pups. Choline administration on postnatal days (PND) 15-27 was followed by evaluation of trace eyeblink conditioning (Experiment 1) and delay eyeblink conditioning (Experiment 2) on PND 28-29. The results of these experiments show that choline produced greater improvements in learning and memory during the trace condition than in the delay condition, presumably due to its effect on the hippocampus. Trace eyeblink conditioning relies heavily on an intact hippocampus but delay eyeblink conditioning does not, and it is understood …
Stress Reducing Effects Of Oxytocin In A Maternal Separation Paradigm, Keely Jane O'Connell
Stress Reducing Effects Of Oxytocin In A Maternal Separation Paradigm, Keely Jane O'Connell
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This study compared the effects of centrally and peripherally administered oxytocin (OT) on HPA axis activity and the presence of both stress-induced active and passive behaviors in female guinea pig pups (Cavia porcellus) after 180-min of isolation . In Experiment 1, one dose of oxytocin (10μg/.2ml) was injected subcutaneously into the periphery. Plasma cortisol levels were reduced after 180-min of isolation and two passive behaviors, eye-closure and crouch, were reduced as well with the administration of oxytocin. In Experiment 2, two different doses (10μg/.2ml and 20μg/.2ml) were injected into the periphery with no significant results. In Experiment 3 one dose …
The Development And Molecular Expression In Mammalian Cells Of An Ha-Tagged Plasmid Encoding For The Target Of Rapamycin (Mtor), Kevin S. Dougherty
The Development And Molecular Expression In Mammalian Cells Of An Ha-Tagged Plasmid Encoding For The Target Of Rapamycin (Mtor), Kevin S. Dougherty
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The protein kinase mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a master controller of cell growth and proliferation due to its ability to integrate growth signals and regulate translation through 4E-BP1 and p70-S6K. We developed four phCMV2-HA-tagged plasmids to overexpress TOR in mammalian cells: Wild Type, D2357E (Kinase Dead), R2109A (PA Binding Deficient) and, S2035T (Rapamycin Resistant) each verified by restriction enzyme digestion and direct sequencing. Plasmid DNA was overexpressed in COS-7 cells and the 289 kDa protein detected in Western blots developed with anti-HA and anti-mTOR antibodies. Kinase activity of the overexpressed protein was detected by in vitro phosphorylation of …
Developmental Expression Of Calcium-Binding Proteins In The Avcn And Mntb Of Normal Hearing And Congenitally Deaf Mice, John L. Roebel
Developmental Expression Of Calcium-Binding Proteins In The Avcn And Mntb Of Normal Hearing And Congenitally Deaf Mice, John L. Roebel
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This experiment analyzes synaptic differences in the central auditory pathway between normal hearing and congenitally deaf (dn/dn) mice, and provides valuable insight into central changes that correspond with human congenital deafness. Specifically, this experiment analyzes developmental expression of the Calcium (Ca2+)-binding proteins Calretinin (CR), Calbindin D-28k (CB) and Parvalbumin (PV) in large excitatory synapses in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) and the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) of normal and dn/dn mice. Immunofluorescence imaging with primary antibodies detecting CR, CB or PV was used to analyze the expression of each at 9 days, 13 days, 20 days, 30 …
The Relationship Between Lactic Acid, Reactive Oxygen Species And The Hypoxia-Induced Acidification Seen In Chemosensitive Neurons Of The Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (Nts), Trevor Downing
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The NTS is one of many sites of chemoreception meaning that it responds to changes in CO2 and pH. NTS neurons also acidify approximately 0.13 pH units in response to hypoxia. Experiments involved brainstem slices exposed to a control hypoxic bout followed by hypoxia in conjunction with different drugs. The drugs included fluorocitrate, 4-hydroxycinnamate, oxygen-glucose deprivation and iodoacetate. Iodoacetate produced the strongest blunting of the hypoxia-induced acidification and decreased the response by ~53%. Results from the studies using the superoxide probe DHE showed an increase in the levels of ROS during the hypoxic exposure prior to reoxygenation. Two ROS scavengers …