Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment Commons^™

Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension In A Patient With Marfan's Syndrome Treated With Epidural Blood Patch--A Case Report, Samad Khalid, Punshi Gurmukh Das, Hamid Mohammad, Ullah Hameed

Department of Anaesthesia

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a well-defined clinical entity that is frequently misdiagnosed. We are reporting a case of 38 years old male who presented with severe headache and an episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizure. He was managed successfully with an epidural blood patch. Understanding of the characteristics, symptomatology, evaluation, treatment options, and prognosis is discussed.

Assessment Of An Osteoblast-Like Cell Line As A Model For Human Primary Osteoblasts Using Raman Spectroscopy, Lindsay Mcmanus, Franck Bonnier, George Burke, Brian Meenan, Adrian Boyd, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Raman spectroscopy is employed to determine the suitability of the U20S osteoblast-like cell line for use as a model for human primary osteoblasts, with emphasis on the ability of these cell types to replicate their tissue of origin. It was found that both cell types demonstrated early stage mineral deposition that followed significantly different growth patterns. Analysis of the growth pattern and spectral data from primary cells revealed increasing bone quality ratios and a high crystallinity, consistent with previous reports. Conversely the investigation of the U20S osteoblast-like cell line provided evidence of dense multilayered mineralised regions that corresponded more closely …

Ginkgo Extract Egb761 Confers Neuroprotection By Reduction Of Glutamate Release In Ischemic Brain, Alexander Mdzinarishvili, Rachita K. Sumbria, Dorothee Lang, Jochen Klein

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose - Ginkgo extract EGb761 has shown anti-edema and anti-ischemic effects in various experimental models. In the present study, we demonstrate neuroprotective effects of EGb761 in experimental stroke while monitoring brain metabolism by microdialysis. Methods - We have used oxygen-glucose deprivation in brain slices in vitro and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo to induce ischemia in mouse brain. We used microdialysis in mouse striatum to monitor extracellular concentrations of glucose and glutamate. Results - In vitro, EGb761 reduced ischemia-induced cell swelling in hippocampal slices by 60%. In vivo, administration of EGb761 (300 mg/kg) reduced cell degeneration and edema …

Two-Dimensional Blood Flow Velocity Estimation Using Apparent Speckle Pattern Angle Dependence On Scan Velocity, Tiantian Xu, Gregory R. Bashford

Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory

An algorithm which measures the lateral component of blood flow velocity was developed in our previous studies based on the increase in speckle size due to relative motion between moving scatterers and spatial rate of scanner A-line acquisition (scan velocity). In this paper, the apparent dominant angle of the speckle pattern in a straight vessel was investigated and a new method of two-dimensional blood flow velocity estimation is introduced. Different scan velocities were used for data acquisition from blood flow traveling at an angle relative to the ultrasound beam. The apparent angle of the speckle pattern changes with different scan …

Monitoring Cerebral Hemodynamics With Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound During Cognitive And Exercise Testing In Adults Following Unilateral Stroke, Brian P. Watt, Judith M. Burnfield, Edward J. Truemper, Thad W. Buster, Gregory R. Bashford

Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory

An observational study was performed as a preliminary investigation into the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) for recording cerebral hemodynamic changes during multiple tasks. TCD is a method of measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) using ultrasound transducers in contact with the surface of the head. Using the maximum flow envelope of the Doppler spectrum returning from the middle cerebral artery (MCA), standard clinical flow indices can be calculated and displayed in real time providing information concerning perturbations in CBF and their potential cause. These indices as well as flow velocity measurements have been recognized as useful in measuring changes …

Neurodevelopmental Consequences Of Sub-Clinical Carbon Monoxide Exposure In Newborn Mice, Ying Cheng, Adia Thomas, Feras Mardini, Shannon L. Bianchi, Junxia X. Tang, Jun Peng, Huafeng Wei, Maryellen F. Eckenhoff, Roderic G. Eckenhoff, Richard J. Levy

Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Faculty Publications

Carbon monoxide (CO) exposure at high concentrations results in overt neurotoxicity. Exposure to low CO concentrations occurs commonly yet is usually sub-clinical. Infants are uniquely vulnerable to a variety of toxins, however, the effects of postnatal sub-clinical CO exposure on the developing brain are unknown. Apoptosis occurs normally within the brain during development and is critical for synaptogenesis. Here we demonstrate that brief, postnatal sub-clinical CO exposure inhibits developmental neuroapoptosis resulting in impaired learning, memory, and social behavior. Three hour exposure to 5 ppm or 100 ppm CO impaired cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis in neocortex and hippocampus …

Design And Experimental Validation Of Continuous Dna Separation Using Itp-Based Microfluidic Device, Nora C. M. Goscinski, Mary E. Rosa, Elizabeth K. Wheeler, Maxim Shusteff

Chemistry and Biochemistry

We have demonstrated a chip-based microfluidic device suitable for rapid and high-throughput DNA separation and purification for downstream analysis. The glass-based device incorporates a transverse free-flow isotachophoresis (tFF-ITP) that overcomes the volume limitations of CE approaches, and allows continuous sample processing in contrast to batch-mode solid-phase extraction (SPE). The device is able to focus DNA at flow rates up to 100 uL/min, and sample conductivity up to 2 mS/cm. Downstream of the chip, 30-40% of DNA from the input sample is recovered as a result of ITP focusing, and preliminary results indicate that this design is able to purify DNA …

Retrospective Evaluation Of Admissions For Chemotherapy-Inducednausea, Vomiting, And Dehydration, Katelin Van Leer Pharmad, Janine Barnaby Rph, Bcop

Department of Pharmacy

No abstract provided.

Cognitive Effects Of One Season Of Head Impacts In A Cohort Of Collegiate Contact Sport Athletes, Thomas W. Mcallister,, Laura A. Flashman, Arthur C. Maerlender, Richard M. Greenwald, Jonathan G. Beckwith, Tor D. Tosteson, Joe Crisco, Per Gunner Brolinson, Stefan Duma, Ann-Christine Duhaime, M. R. Grove, John H. Turco

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Objective: To determine whether exposure to repetitive head impacts over a single season negatively affects cognitive performance in collegiate contact sport athletes.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study at 3 Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association athletic programs. Participants were 214 Division I college varsity football and ice hockey players who wore instrumented helmets that recorded the acceleration-time history of the head following impact, and 45 noncontact sport athletes. All athletes were assessed prior to and shortly after the season with a cognitive screening battery (ImPACT) and a subgroup of athletes also were assessed with 7 measures from a …

Feasibility And Compliance With Daily Home Ecg Monitoring Of The Qt Interval In Heart Transplant Recipients, Erik V. Carter, Kathleen T. Hickey, David M. Pickham, Lynn V. Doering, Belinda Chen, Patricia R. E. Harris, Barbara J. Drew

Collected Faculty Scholarship

About 13% of adult heart transplant recipients do not survive to one year and a major cause of death is acute cellular allograft rejection.^1,2 According to the 2009 annual United States data published from the International Society for Heart Lung Transplantation Registry, acute rejection occurs in 25 – 35% of transplant recipients within the first year following transplant surgery.³ In order to detect the early stages of rejection so that more aggressive and early immunosuppressant therapy can be initiated, frequent biopsies of heart tissue are performed (typically, weekly or every other week in the first 3 months and …

Durand Et Al 2012 Supplemental Figures, M. Durand, Svetlana V. Komarova, Ajay Bhargava, Keying Li, Cara Fiorino, Osama Maria, Noushin Nabavi, Morris Manolson, Rene Harrison, S. Jeffrey Dixon, Stephen Sims, Marcin Mizianty, Lukasz Kurgan, Sonia Haroun, Gilles Boire, Maria Lucena-Fernandes, Artur De Brum-Fernandes

Physiology and Pharmacology Publications

Objective. Our objective was to compare the osteoclastogenic capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) to that of PBMCs from self-reported normal individuals.

Methods. PBMCs from 140 patients with OA and 45 healthy donors were assayed for CD14⁺ expression and induced to differentiate into osteoclasts (OCs) over 3 weeks in vitro. We assessed the number of the OCs, their resorptive activity, OC apoptosis, and expression of the following cytokine receptors: receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1R1) and IL-1R2. A ridge logistic regression classifier was developed …

Comparing Functional Outcomes On Open Reduction And Internal Fixation For Acute Perilunate Dislocation And Fracture-Dislocations: A Systematic Review, Melissa Mundy Allen

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Outcomes based research on trauma-related orthopaedic injuries is imperative for gauging the effectiveness of current surgical procedures and thereby maximizing the patient's functional status. In patients sustaining perilunate dislocations (PLD) and fracture-dislocations (PLFD) following a traumatic fall on an outstretched hand, early open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is widely considered the standard of care for acute cases, but evidence supporting optimal techniques and materials is limited in a body of literature consisting mainly of small retrospective case series and expert opinion. The aims of this study were to compare functional outcomes of PLD and PLFD by surgical technique …

O.T.'S Use Of Technology Throughout The Lifespan, Ginger Hitchins

Occupational Therapy Assistant Poster Sessions

No abstract provided.

Productive Aging And Home Modifications, Phuong Hoang

Occupational Therapy Assistant Poster Sessions

No abstract provided.

Post Gastric Bypass Hypoglycemia: Four Cases Treated Successfully With Alphaglucosidase Inhibitor Therapy, Shavon S. Frankhouser Do, Aakif N. Ahmad Do, Gretchen A. Perilli Md, Benjamin J. Quintana Md, Marc A. Vengrove Do, Facp

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

The Radon Transform And The Mathematics Of Medical Imaging, Jen Beatty

Honors Theses

Tomography is the mathematical process of imaging an object via a set of finite slices. In medical imaging, these slices are defined by multiple parallel X-ray beams shot through the object at varying angles. The initial and final intensity of each beam is recorded, and the original image is recreated using this data for multiple slices. I will discuss the central role of the Radon transform and its inversion formula in this recovery process.

Treatment Options For Parkinson’S Disease, Sara Russ

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is an excerpt from this article: Parkinson’s disease was first described and named Paralysis Agitans in 1817 by British physician James Parkinson (Lieberman 2004). Later on, it took on its current name after Dr. Parkinson. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder for which the cause is yet to be discovered. Like many other diseases, PD has numerous facets. Throughout all of its different stages, it presents with motor, as well as nonmotor, symptoms (Simuni et al. 2009). Though estimates of people affected by PD are constantly being made, it is difficult to determine a precise and accurate …

Quest For Vaccines To Treat Addiction, Rachel Florence

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Drug addiction is a prime example of biochemical psychology. When people use drugs such as nicotine, they trigger dopamine receptors in the brain, causing a pleasurable sensation. People want to repeat the feeling and thus get addicted to the drug. With the development of a vaccine to treat addiction, researchers attempt to prevent drugs from crossing over the bloodbrain barrier and triggering the dopamine receptors. Experiments and clinical trials prove the efficacy of the nicotine vaccine. However, Phase III trials and additional research are necessary before the vaccine can be launched for public use.

Imatinib Resistance In Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Rivky Kops

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a disorder of blood stem cells in bone marrow, which leads to a rapid production of white blood cells. Of the patients diagnosed with CML, 95% have the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, which means that chromosome 22 is smaller than regular (22 q-). Historically, the median survival time for chronic phase CML patients was four to five years, while the accelerated and blast (profusion of immature red blood cells in circulation) phases had a much shorter survival time. Recently, due to the revolutionary new drug imatinib, CML patients diagnosed early have a higher survival rate. Nevertheless, …

Influence Of Oncotype Dx® On Chemotherapy Prescribing In Early Stage Breast Cancer Patients: A Claims-Based Evaluation Of Utilization In The Real World, Kenneth Neil Kennedy

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

The decision for adjuvant therapy in women with early stage breast cancer (ESBC) has historically been guided by the presence or absence of specific biological markers (hormone and HER2 receptors), age, and extent of nodal involvement. Oncotype DX® is a validated assay that quantifies protein expression that can predict the risk of cancer recurrence. This study evaluates if the use of Oncotype DX® impacts chemotherapy prescribing in ESBC. This retrospective, cohort study identified patients with ESBC from a large commercially insured population from January 2007 through June 2009. Patients were identified as having ESBC by utilizing procedure and diagnosis codes …

Nanocrystals Of Chemotherapeutic Agents For Cancer Theranostics: Development And In Vitro And In Vivo Evaluation, Christin P. Hollis

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

The majority of pharmacologically active chemotherapeutics are poorly water soluble. Solubilization enhancement by the utilization of organic solvents often leads to adverse side effects. Nanoparticle-based cancer therapy, which is passively targeted to the tumor tissue via the enhanced permeation and retention effect, has been vastly developed in recent years. Nanocrystals, which exist as crystalline and carry nearly 100% drug loading, has been explored for delivering antineoplastic agents. Additionally, the hybrid nanocrystal concept offers a novel and simple way to integrate imaging agents into the drug crystals, enabling the achievement of theranostics. The overall objective of this dissertation is to formulate …

Sedation Safety Using Clinical Practice Guidelines, Bonnie Wasilowsky Bspa-Hca, Rn, Cnrn

Patient Care Services / Nursing

No abstract provided.

Characterisation Of Crataegus Monogyna Fractions And Assessment Of Their Functional Properties, Eilish Shortle

Theses

Hawthorn {Crataegus monogyna) is a herb that has been used medicinally since ancient times. In modern medicine it is known for its cardiotonic properties and is used as a cardiovascular protective, hypotensive and hypocholesterolemic agent. In recent years supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has become more popular as an extraction method for botanical material as it is an environmentally-friendly method that can produce toxic-free extracts. The optimal SFE extraction conditions for the extraction of antioxidant compounds from both, hawthorn leaf & dower and hawthorn berries, using carbon dioxide, were determined in this study. The optimized extracts were then compared to pre-prepared …

The Diagnostic And Prognostic Value Of Salivary Scd44 Level Determination In Oral Malignant And Potentially Premalignant Lesions, Dalia Ghalwash, Fatheya Zahran, Khaled Gaaly, Olfat Shaker, Hossam Elfoll

Dentistry

A key factor in the lack of improvement in prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) lesions over the years is the fact that a significant proportion are not diagnosed or treated until they reach an advanced stage. A molecular marker for malignant transformation in innocent looking oral lesions and a monitor for the aggressiveness of malignant lesions might be of help. The present study included 40 subjects: 10 healthy control subjects, 10 patients with potentially premalignant oral lesions with dysplastic changes and 10 others without, in addition to 10 patients suffering from OSCC. Levels of soluble CD44 (sCD44) were …

Effectiveness Of Insulin Pump Use In Controlling Blood Glucose In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients, Nadia M. Saad

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Is Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Of High-Risk Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (All) Patients More Effective In Preventing Future Relapses Of Disease And/ Or Mortality In Comparison With Chemotherapeutic Regimens Alone?, Patricia A. Ajizadeh

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not allogeneic SCT of HR pediatric ALL patients is more effective in preventing future relapses of disease and/or mortality in comparison with chemotherapeutic regimens alone.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary randomized controlled trial studies published between 1996 and the present.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized controlled trial studies were found using PubMed.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Each of the three studies evaluated the incidence of recurrent disease and/or mortality in high-risk pediatric ALL patients. These outcomes were analyzed according to the following categories: duration of event-free survival …

Does Whole Body Vibration (Wbv) Therapy Positively Affect The Motor Skills Of Patients Who Have Been Diagnosed With Parkinson’S Disease?, Courtney Forsyth

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether Whole Body Vibration (WBV) therapy positively affects the motor skills of patients who have been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of 3 English language primary studies. All three were randomized control trials; one was rater blinded and one double blinded with a placebo.

DATA SOURCES: All of the articles were Randomized Control Trials found using the PubMed database.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Each of the three studies looked at the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease patients before and after Whole Body Vibration Therapy. Each study used the Unified Parkinson’s Disease …

Does Pre-Hospital Therapeutic Hypothermia Improve The Functional And Survival Status Of Patients Post Cardiac Arrest?, Stephanie Corsi

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not prehospital therapeutic hypothermia improves the functional and survival status of post cardiac arrest patients.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies, two of which were published in 2007 and one in 2010.

DATA SOURCES: Two randomized, controlled, clinical trials and one cohort study comparing pre-hospital therapeutic hypothermia to induction of therapeutic hypothermia upon hospital admission, and to standard normothermic post cardiac arrest care. All were found using Medline, OVID, and Cochrane Systematic databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: An outcome measured was functional status at hospital discharge, …

Is Rivastigmine Effective In The Treatment Of Alzheimer’S Disease?, Beena Patel

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not rivastigmine is effective for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of two trials in the English language published in 2007 and 2010, and an open-label, singlearm, multi-center study from 2008.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials comparing rivastigmine to a visually-matched capsule (placebo) was found using PubMed and Cochrane databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Overall global performance using the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog), ability to perform activities of daily living, cognitive function using the mini mental status exam (MMSE), and neuropsychiatric symptoms using BEHAVE-AD.

RESULTS: …

Is Low-Level Laser Therapy An Effective Treatment For Patients With Primary Raynaud’S Phenomenon?, Adriana S. Ruiz

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not low-level laser therapy is an effective treatment for patients with primary Raynaud’s Phenomenon.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trials, published between 2002-2004.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized, double blind clinical trials comparing low-level laser therapy with a placebo treatment were found using the Cochrane databases, and PubMed.

OUTCOME MEASURED: Reduction in frequency and severity of Raynaud’s attacks. Outcomes were measured and recorded with daily diaries of attacks before and after the intervention, and thermographic studies.

RESULTS: Three RCTs were included in this review. …