Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment Commons^™

The Combined Effect Of In-Situ Tumor And Irradiation On Peritumoral Brain Vasculature, Janice Ann Zawaski

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

In the USA, 200,000 brain tumors are diagnosed each year with glioma representing 8.4% of the 200,000. The standard treatment for glioma consists of surgical resection, when possible, followed by radiation therapy (RT) and/or chemotherapy. Radiation therapy is one of the most effective treatments of brain tumors; however, the therapeutic ratio of RT is limited by damage to the normal tissue. We hypothesize that tumor growth has an adverse effect on the peritumoral tissue through the angiogenic/inflammatory environment it creates rendering it susceptible to further damage by RT which may be prevented by using anti-angiogenic/anti-inflammatory agents. We have developed a …

Using Thermoluminescent Dosimeters To Measure The Dose From High And Low Energy X-Ray Sources, Wesley Leon Boyd

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This work focused on using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) to measure the doses from two x-ray sources, a CT scanner and a linear accelerator (linac). In addition ion chambers were used to determine the isodose contours from the operation of the linac. 1mm x 1mm x 1mm TLD-100 microcubes were placed in a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) torso phantom and irradiated using a Toshiba Aquilion One 320-Slice CT Scanner. Different thicknesses of shielding composed of antimony and bismuth powder suspended in an ethylene copolymer were used to shield the phantom and the dose reduction was measured. The dose reduction ranged …

Investigation Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging And Spectroscopy For The Detection Of Breast Cancer, Robert Thomas Etnire

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast offers an alternative to screening mammography which may benefit those women at high risk for breast cancer, women under the age of 40, and those with dense breast tissue. One concern with MRI is the number of high false positives. Coupling MRI with magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS) may lower the number of false positives, and thus improve the diagnostic capabilities of MRI for the clinician. MRS for breast imaging focuses on the total choline containing compounds in the spectra in the suspected breast lesion to analyze areas of concern. The results of the study …

Risk Factors For Persistent Problems Following Whiplash Injury: Results Of A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, David Walton

David Walton

No abstract provided.

Frequency And Spatial Characteristics Of Highfrequency Neuromagnetic Signals In Childhood Epilepsy, Jing Xiang, Yang Liu, Yingying Wang, Elijah G. Kirtman, Cincinnati Children’S Hospital Medical Center Kotecha, Yangmei Chen, Xiaolin Huo, Hisako Fujiwara, Nat Hemasilpin, Ki Lee, Francesco T. Mangano, James Leach, Blaise Jones, Ton Degrauw, Douglas Rose

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty and Staff Publications

Purpose. Invasive intracranial recordings have suggested that high-frequency oscillation is involved in epileptogenesis and is highly localized to epileptogenic zones. The aim of the present study is to characterize the frequency and spatial patterns of high-frequency brain signals in childhood epilepsy using a non-invasive technology. Methods. Thirty children with clinically diagnosed epilepsy were studied using a whole head magnetoencephalography (MEG) system. MEG data were digitized at 4 000 Hz. The frequency and spatial characteristics of high-frequency neuromagnetic signals were analyzed using continuous wavelet transform and beamformer. Threedimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained for each patient to localize magnetic sources. …

Cec: Clinical Exchange Corner, Mary Lloyd Moore, Laura Reynolds

CEC Publications

No abstract provided.

Peer-Led Team Learning: A Prospective Method For Increasing Critical Thinking In Undergraduate Science Courses, Ian J. Quitadamo, C. Jayne Brahler, Gregory J. Crouch

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

This study examined the impact of peer-led team learning (PLTL) on critical thinking gains in science and math courses at a research university in the Pacific Northwest.

Laparoscopic Treatment Of Pancreatic Pseudocysts In Children., Suzanne M. Yoder, Steven Rothenberg, Kuojen Tsao, Mark L. Wulkan, Todd A. Ponsky, Shawn D. St Peter, Daniel J. Ostlie, Timothy D. Kane

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic pseudocysts are problematic sequelae of pancreatitis or pancreatic trauma causing persistent abdominal pain, nausea, and gastric outlet obstruction. Due to the low volume of disease in children, there is scant information in the literature on the operative management of pseudocysts with minimally invasive techniques. We conducted a multi-institutional review to illustrate several technical variations utilized in achieving laparoscopic cystgastrostomy in the pediatric population.

METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of all patients who underwent laparoscopic cystgastrostomy in five institutions. Patient data, operative techniques, and postoperative course were analyzed.

RESULTS: There were 13 patients with a mean age of …

Thoracoscopy In Children: Is A Chest Tube Necessary?, Todd A. Ponsky, Steven S. Rothenberg, Kuojen Tsao, Daniel J. Ostlie, Shawn D. St Peter, G W. Holcomb Iii

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

PURPOSE: Historically, a chest tube or drain has been left following a thoracic operation to allow drainage of air or fluid in the postoperative period. However, in patients undergoing thoracoscopy, the tube is often the greatest source of postoperative pain. We began excluding chest tubes several years ago and therefore are reviewing our experience to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this approach.

METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical record was performed on patients undergoing thoracoscopy at two centers from 1993 to 2007. Patients who left the operating room without a chest tube were included in this series. Patient …

Laparoscopic Duodenojejunostomy For Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome., Jason D. Fraser, Shawn D. St Peter, Jenevieve H. Hughes, James M. Swain

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, also called Wilkie's syndrome, is a rare clinical phenomenon believed to be caused by compression of the third portion of the duodenum by the overlying superior mesenteric artery. We present the case of a 32-year-old female who presented with epigastric pain, weight loss, and vomiting.

METHODS: Her workup included a normal upper endoscopy as well as an abdominal CT scan and upper GI contrast study that confirmed the diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The patient was taken to the operating room and underwent successful treatment with laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy.

RESULTS: The patient achieved complete …

Universal Screening For Extracardiac Abnormalities In Neonates With Congenital Heart Disease., Javier H. Gonzalez, Girish S. Shirali, Andrew M. Atz, Sarah N. Taylor, Geoffrey A. Forbus, Sinai C. Zyblewski, Anthony M. Hlavacek

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Extracardiac or genetic abnormalities (EGA) represent a factor in the morbidity of patients with congenital heart disease. We evaluated the way neonates with CHD are screened at our institution and determined the yield for the screening tests. We reviewed the charts of 223 neonates with structural CHD. Subjects were categorized into 6 groups: univentricular, left-sided obstructive lesions, right-sided obstructive lesions, septal defects, conotruncal defects (CTD), and other. We reviewed which patients underwent cranial ultrasonogram (CUS), abdominal ultrasonogram (AUS), and/or genetic studies (GS) as well as their results. There was a high prevalence of EGA in each group by CUS (32% …

A Contrast Of Bilingual And Monolingual Children In Regards To Semantic And Syntactic Language Acquisition, Jessica Michelle Pfister

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Multiple language acquisition has only recently become a heavily researched and focused topic. Many questions have been left unanswered and furthermore, experts in the field are coming to contradicting results and conclusions. The presented thesis investigates the culmination of recent research in this newly developed field, as well as provides feedback from bilingual individuals on their experiences of being bilingual. Through analyzing current studies, the conclusion is made that bilingual children will follow a series of stages in their semantic and syntactic acquisition in which there is a bilingual disadvantage, followed by a bilingual advantage, and lastly a continuous stage …

A New Laser Pointer Driven Optical Microheater For Precise Local Heat Shock, Mike Placinta

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

The zebrafish has emerged as an important genetic model system for the study of vertebrate development. However, while genetics is a powerful tool for the study of early gene functions, the approach is more limited when it comes to understanding later functions of genes that have essential roles in early embryogenesis. There is thus a need to manipulate gene expression at different times, and ideally only in some regions of the developing embryo. Methods for conditional gene regulation have been established in Drosophila, C.elegans and the mouse, utilizing conditional gene activation systems such as the Gal4-UAS system (fly) and the …

Lentes De Contacto Rígidos Gas Permeables Esclerales, Una Opción Terapéutica En El Tratamiento De Enfermedades De La Superficie Ocular, Fermín Eduardo Arias Gómez

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

Los lentes de contacto esclerales han mantenido un pequeño pero valioso lugar entre los lentes de contacto en la práctica clínica. Es evidente que, debido a la poca instrucción del lente escleral, no se le ha dado una alta prioridad en el ámbito profesional, lo que conlleva a que muchos profesionales no tengan una comprensión de sus ventajas intrínsecas y, en consecuencia, rara vez se prescribe o recomienda su uso. Este tipo de lentes rígidos gas permeables desempeñan un papel importante y no se valoran suficientemente en el tratamiento de enfermedades corneales, así como su beneficio para la rehabilitación visual …

Singlet Oxygen Delivery Through The Porous Cap Of A Hollow-Core Fiber Optic Device, Matibur Zamadar, David Aebisher, Alexander Greer

Faculty Publications

The development of the first photosensitizer/fiber optic device is reported. An oxygen-flowing, fiber-capped configuration is used for the application of heterogeneous, spatially confined singlet oxygen delivery in aqueous media. This is a unique device, unlike other heterogeneous photosensitizers, in which local concentrations of singlet oxygen can be delivered via introduction and withdrawal of the fiber tip.

Resolving The Lateral Component Of Blood Flow Velocity Based On Ultrasound Speckle Size Change With Scan Direction And Speed, Tiantian Xu, Greg R. Bashford

Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory

Conventional blood flow velocity measurement using ultrasound is capable of resolving the axial component (i.e., that aligned with the ultrasound propagation direction) of the blood flow velocity vector. However, these Doppler-based methods are incapable of detecting blood flow in the direction normal to the ultrasound beam. In addition, these methods require repeated pulse-echo interrogation at the same spatial location. In this paper, we introduce a method which estimates the lateral component of blood flow within a single image frame using the observation that the speckle pattern corresponding to the blood reflectors (typically red blood cells) stretches (i.e., is “smeared”) if …

Further Progress On Lateral Flow Estimation Using Speckle Size Variation With Scan Direction, Tiantian Xu, Gregory R. Bashford

Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory

Conventional blood flow velocity measurement using ultrasound is capable of resolving the axial component (i.e., that aligned with the ultrasound propagation direction) of the blood flow velocity vector. However, these Doppler-based methods are incapable of detecting blood flow in the direction normal to the ultrasound beam. In addition, these methods require repeated pulse-echo interrogation at the same spatial location. In this paper, we report additional data on a new method recently introduced. This method estimates the lateral component of blood flow within a single image frame using the observation that the speckle pattern corresponding to the blood reflectors (typically red …

Single Molecule Diffusion Coefficient Estimation By Image Analysis Of Simulated Ccd Images To Aid High-Throughput Screening, Pengfei Song, Lloyd M. Davis, Greg Bashford

Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory

Extension of one-dimensional signal analysis to two-dimensional image analysis could accelerate conventional methods of high-throughput screening in the discovery of new pharmaceutical agents. This work describes a first step taken towards this goal – the evaluation of image-analysis based estimation strategies of the diffusion coefficient of a single molecule transported within a microfabricated flowcell. A computer simulation of single-molecule imaging by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera is used to determine if it is possible to distinguish three different types of molecules with different diffusion coefficients. The Gaussian fitting algorithm finds the variance of the transverse trajectory, which increases linearly with …

Optimal Thresholds Of Feature Tracking For Blood Velocity And Tissue Motion Estimation, Tiantian Xu, Gregory R. Bashford

Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory

Feature tracking is an algorithm for estimating blood flow velocity and tissue motion using pulse-echo ultrasound. In contrast to cross-correlation speckle-tracking techniques, feature tracking identifies features at discrete locations and corresponds them from frame to frame. Prior studies have demonstrated that feature-tracking estimates exhibit lower variance than those obtained by the conventional autocorrelation method and require less computational complexity than either speckle tracking or autocorrelation. To date, not much attention has been paid to the process by which trackable features (normally local maxima) are selected from the set of all available features. In the selection process, it is desired to …

Una Revisión Del Queratocono, Sandra Milena Bravo Vanegas

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

El queratocono se incluye entre las alteraciones corneales degenerativas en las que se produce deformación y adelgazamiento progresivos. Se conoce desde hace tiempo, pero durante los últimos años se han propuesto novedosas técnicas diagnósticas y tratamientos corneales que han llevado a que esta patología sea más estudiada. Del queratocono sabemos en qué consiste la alteración y cuál es su línea evolutiva y algunos tratamientos. Sin embargo, desconocemos la causa, los mecanismos exactos de la enfermedad, cómo prevenirla y como curarla; por tanto, debemos seguir investigando para mejorar la calidad de vida y abrir esperanzas a los que padecen esta dolencia.

La Lógica En La Investigación Epidemiológica, Carlos Escalante Angulo

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

La ciencia y las tecnologías que de ella se derivan pueden considerarse expresiones sobresalientes definidoras del mundo moderno. Ésta no es una afirmación novedosa. Las políticas educativas y las instituciones de educación superior han expresado compromisos con la investigación científica que, en el contexto académico, debe enriquecer notablemente el currículo con los resultados de la investigación, difundidos habitualmente en publicaciones especializadas que contribuyen de esta manera al desarrollo profesional y científico de sus lectores. Concebido dentro de este contexto, este artículo se propone llamar la atención sobre la importancia de ciertos aspectos lógicos en el razonamiento metodológico de la investigación …

Cec: Clinical Exchange Corner, Mary Lloyd Moore, Laura Reynolds

CEC Publications

No abstract provided.

Chronic Elbow Dislocation Treated With Open Reduction And Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction, Louis Joseph Rubino, Michael A. Herbenick, Ryan P. Finnan, Philip A. Anloague

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

In the United States, chronic unreduced elbow dislocations are rare injuries. We report the successful short-term outcome of a chronic elbow dislocation treated with open reduction and lateral ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction using a split semitendinosus allograft in a figure-of-8 technique without use of hinged external fixation. The authors have obtained the patient’s written informed consent for print and electronic publication of the case report.

Contribution Of A Portable Air Plasma Torch To Rapid Blood Coagulation As A Method Of Preventing Bleeding, Kuo S. P., O. Tarasenko, J. Chang, S. Popović, C. Y. Chen, H. W. Fan, A. Scott, M. Lahiani, P. Alusta, J. D. Drake, Milka Nikolic

Physics and Astronomy

The effectiveness and mechanism of a low temperature air plasma torch in clotting blood are explored. Both blood droplets and smeared blood samples were used in the tests. The treated droplet samples reveal how blood clotting depends on the distance at which the torch operated, and for how long the droplets have been exposed to the torch. Microscopy and cell count of smeared blood samples shed light on dependencies of erythrocyte and platelet counts on torch distance and exposure time. With an increase of torch distance, the platelet count of treated blood samples increases but is less than that of …

Targeting The Sodium Iodide Symporter For In Vivo Detection And Characterization Of Mammary Tumors In The Murine Model Using A Novel Gamma Camera, Randall Eric Blue

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Hmgb1 Mediates Endogenous Tlr2 Activation And Brain Tumor Regression, James Curtin, Naiyou Liu, Marianela Candolfi, Weidong Xiong, Hikmat Assi, Kader Yagiz, Matthew Edwards, Kathrin Michelsen, Kurt Kroeger, Chunyan Liu, Akm Ghulam Muhammad, Mary Clark, Moshe Arditi, Begonya Comin-Anduix, Antoni Ribas, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro

Articles

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor that carries a 5-y survival rate of 5%. Attempts at eliciting a clinically relevant anti-GBM immune response in brain tumor patients have met with limited success, which is due to brain immune privilege, tumor immune evasion, and a paucity of dendritic cells (DCs) within the central nervous system. Herein we uncovered a novel pathway for the activation of an effective anti-GBM immune response mediated by high-mobility-group box 1 (HMGB1), an alarmin protein released from dying tumor cells, which acts as an endogenous ligand for Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling …

Prueba Piloto Para Determinar La Reproducibilidad De La Carta De Snellen Al Evaluar La Agudeza Visual En Sujetos Jóvenes, Alejandro León Álvarez, Jorge Mario Estrada

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

La agudeza visual es la principal característica evaluada para conocer cómo ve una persona. Al medirla se utilizan Cartas de Agudeza Visual, de las cuales la más empleada en el medio colombiano es la carta Snellen. Objetivo: el propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la reproducibilidad ínter e intraobservador de la carta de letras serif Snellen para evaluar la agudeza visual (AV). Materiales y métodos: en un muestreo por conveniencia, dos evaluadores midieron en dos sesiones la AV con la carta de Snellen tipo serif en 110 estudiantes universitarios (220 ojos) entre 15 y 30 años de edad, con ametropía …

Evaluación Ortóptica En Pacientes Sometidos A Lasik. Primera Entrega, María Margarita Segura Acevedo

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

Antecedentes: la información publicada sobre el comportamiento binocular luego de cirugía refractiva es escasa. Varios profesionales coinciden en percibir que ocurre, después de la cirugía, un desajuste sintomático en los mecanismos de la visión binocular, información documentada en reportes de caso y series de casos sin poder estadístico. Objetivo: primario, determinar la frecuencia de cambios de función ortóptica, sintomáticos y asintomáticos, en el posoperatorio en ojos de pacientes sometidos a cirugía refractiva Lasik; secundario, explorar la existencia de asociaciones entre los defectos ortópticos posoperatorios y los hallazgos prequirúrgicos. Diseño: estudio observacional analítico, cohorte de 223 pacientes con edades entre 18 …

Causalidad En Estudios Analíticos, Carlos Escalante Angulo

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

En este corto artículo me propongo dos cosas: una, exponer conocimientos actuales básicos sobre los conceptos de causa, causalidad y factor de riesgo, por cuanto forman parte esencial de los estudios analíticos de observación en epidemiología; la segunda, ofrecer al lector una bibliografía autorizada, fuente de los conocimientos aquí expuestos y en la cual pueda encontrar material suficiente para ampliarlos y profundizarlos.

Estabilidad De La Película Lagrimal Precorneal, Myriam Teresa Mayorga C.

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

Una película lagrimal estable es requisito indispensable para el adecuado funcionamiento óptico y metabólico del ojo. Alto porcentaje de condiciones asociadas con ojo seco, las complicaciones debidas al uso de lentes de contacto y, en general, las alteraciones de la lágrima están relacionadas con la inestabilidad de la película lagrimal. Por tanto, es importante conocer y entender los conceptos inherentes a la estabilidad lagrimal, los fenómenos involucrados en las diferentes teorías propuestas y las técnicas para evaluarla, para poder realizar diagnósticos más precisos que permitan tratamientos efectivos. En esta revisión bibliográfica se presentarán diferentes modelos planteados para explicar de la …