Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Physical Activity And Screen Time Behaviour In Metropolitan, Regional And Rural Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study Of Australians Aged 9–16 Years, James Dollman, Carol Maher, Tim S. Olds, Kate Ridley

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

Objectives: While there is consistent evidence that rural adults in Australia are less active than their urban counterparts, studies relating geographical remoteness to activity patterns in Australian adolescents have yielded inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to describe objectively and subjectively measured patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviours across remoteness categories in a representative sample of 9–16 year old Australians. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Methods: 2071 Australian adolescents provided self-report use of time data on four days and wore a pedometer for at least 6 days within the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. …

Strength Gain At Little Cost? Feasibility Of 'Low Load' Eccentric Cycling As A Tool For Strength Gain In Sedentary Men, Michael Lewis, Gregory Peoples, Herb Groeller, Marc Brown

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Symptomatic reporting is a common issue in exercise rehabilitation. When traditional concentric aerobic exercise is used as an exercise stimulus, dyspnoea and fatigue are often reported by elderly5 and by cohorts with cardiorespiratory pathology3. Among the unique attributes of eccentric aerobic exercise is lower metabolic and cardiovascular demand for a given workload 1 ,2. This makes eccentric aerobic exercise more suitable for long-term adherence in rehabilitation. Although, extremely 'high load' eccentric cycling interventions have shown improvements in strength measurements4, no 'low load' eccentric cycling studies have been performed to determine if strength adaptations are feasible. Therefore, this study determined if …

Activity Counts From Accelerometers Do Not Add Value To Energy Expenditure Predictions In Sedentary Overweight Individuals During Weight Loss Interventions, Sze Yen Tan, Marijka Batterham, Linda C. Tapsell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Knowing the total energy expenditure (TEE) of overweight adults is important for prescribing weight loss interventions. However, objective measurements of TEE may not always be readily available and can be expensive. This study aimed to investigate the validity of RT3 accelerometers in predicting the TEE of sedentary overweight adults, and to identify any sensitivity to anthropometric changes. Methods: The analysis used data from a 12-week weight loss study. At baseline and 12-week, TEE was predicted using RT3 accelerometers during whole room calorimeter stays. Bias between 2 methods was compared at and between the baseline and 12-week measurement points. Multiple …

Changes In Weight, Waist Circumference And Compensatory Responses With Different Doses Of Exercise Among Sedentary, Overweight Postmenopausal Women, Timothy S. Church, Corby K. Martin, Angela M. Thompson, Conrad P. Earnest, Catherine R. Mikus, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Background: It has been suggested that exercise training results in compensatory mechanisms that attenuate weight loss. However, this has only been examined with large doses of exercise. The goal of this analysis was to examine actual weight loss compared to predicted weight loss (compensation) across different doses of exercise in a controlled trial of sedentary, overweight or obese postmenopausal women (n=41).

Methodology/Principal Findings: Participants were randomized to a non-exercise control (n=94) or 1 of 3 exercise groups; exercise energy expenditure of 4 (n=139), 8 (n=85), or 12 (n=93) kcal/kg/week (KKW). Training intensity was set at the heart rate associated with …

Lower Sedentary Metabolic Rate In Women Compared With Men, Robert Ferraro, Stephen Lillioja, Anne-Marie Fontvieille, Russell Rising, Clifton Bogardus, Eric Ravussin

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Since females have a greater prevalence of obesity compared with males, the question arises whether females have lower metabolic rate than males after adjusting for differences in body weight and composition. 24-h energy expenditure (24EE), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) were measured in a respiratory chamber in 235 healthy, nondiabetic Caucasian subjects (114 males, 121 females). Body composition was determined by hydrodensitometry. 24EE was 124 +/- 38 kcal/d (P less than 0.002) higher in males than females after adjusting for differences in fat-free mass, fat mass, and age. Spontaneous physical activity was not significantly different between …

Associations Of Resting Heart Rate With Concentrations Of Lipoprotein Subfractions In Sedentary Men, Paul T. Williams, William L. Haskell, Karen M. Vranizan, Steven N. Blair, Ronald M. Krauss, Robert Superko, John J. Albers, Barbara Frey-Hewitt, Peter D. Wood

Faculty Publications

In major prospective studies it has been reported that high heart rate at rest predicts the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) or cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men, but the mechanisms producing these relationships are unknown. Since lipoprotein levels contribute strongly to the risk of CHD and CVD, we examined the relationship of resting heart rate to plasma concentrations of high-density (HDL), low-density (LDL), and very low-density (VLDL) lipoproteins, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and A-II, and serum concentrations of lipoprotein subfractions in 81 men to determine if atherogenic lipoproteins could potentially induce the reported association of heart rate with development of …