Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Summary Of Results From The 2016 National Health Security Preparedness Index, Glen P. Mays, Michael T. Childress, Pierre Martin Dominique Zephyr, Anna Goodman Hoover

Health Management and Policy Reports

The National Health Security Preparedness Index tracks the nation’s progress in preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disasters and other large-scale emergencies that pose risks to health and well-being in the United States. Because health security is a responsibility shared by many different stakeholders in government and society, the Index combines measures from multiple sources and perspectives to offer a broad view of the health protections in place for nation as a whole and for each U.S. state. The Index identifies strengths as well as gaps in the protections needed to keep people safe and healthy in the face …

Integrating Correctional And Community Health Care: An Innovative Approach For Clinical Learning In A Baccalaureate Nursing Program., Mary T. Bouchaud, Beth Ann Swan

College of Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations

PROBLEM: With an evolving focus on primary, community-based, and patient-centered care rather than acute, hospital-centric, disease-focused care, and recognition of the importance of coordinating care and managing transitions across providers and settings of care, registered nurses need to be prepared from a different and broader knowledge base and skills set. A culture change among nurse educators and administrators and in nursing education is needed to prepare competent registered nurses capable of practicing from a health promotion, disease prevention, community- and population-focused construct in caring for a population of patients who are presenting health problems and conditions that persist across decades …

Epidemiology Crucial To Cracking Elizabethkingia Crisis, Angela Tonozzi

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The author explains the epidemiological methods, tools and personnel required to pinpoint the source of Wisconsin’s 2016 outbreak of Elizabethkingia infections.

Is The United States Prepared For A Major Zika Virus Outbreak?, Lawrence O. Gostin, James G. Hodge Jr.

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Zika virus has emerged as a global public health crisis with active transmission in the Americas and Caribbean. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), and recently WHO reported there is a scientific consensus that Zika is a cause of microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In the U.S. the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) activated its emergency operations center at its highest capacity. President Obama requested $1.86 billion in emergency funding. Shamefully, Congress has yet to appropriate the funding needed for Zika preparedness, and the President has had to reallocate Ebola …

Tobacco, Alcohol, And Processed Food Industries – Why Do Public Health Practitioners View Them So Differently?, Katherine Smith, Lori Dorfman, Nicholas Freudenberg, Benjamin Hawkins, Shona Hilton, Oliver Razum, Heide Weishaar

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Measuring Comprehensive Public Health Delivery Systems And Their Contributions To Population Health, Glen P. Mays, Rick Ingram

Health Management and Policy Presentations

We review methods for measuring the structure of public health delivery systems using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Public Health Systems. A growing body of research using these measures demonstrates how multiple sectors contribute to core public health functions, and how these functions influence community health status over time. We end with a summary of how the Comprehensive Public Health System measure will be used in monitoring the impact of the 21st Century Public Health System initiative.

Un Análisis Post-Colonial: La Encarnación De La Pérdida Histórica En La Manifestación De Depresión En Personas Mapuche En El Contexto Urbano, Haley Case

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Esta investigación buscaba evaluar las manifestaciones cualitativas y simbólicas de la depresión en la población Mapuche de la región de Santiago a través de la aplicación de teoría que aborda del sufrimiento social y la violencia estructural. Métodos etnográficos se fueron utilizados por la realización de observaciones y entrevistas semi-estructuradas con personas involucradas en la comunidad Mapuche y el sistema de salud biomédico en las comunas de La Pintana y Lampa en la Región Metropolitana. Según la cosmovisión Mapuche, la salud tiene base fundamental en la armonización del cuerpo, alma, espíritu y mente de un ser humano con su familia, …

Public Access To Naloxone: Exploring Intention To Prescribe Among Tennessee Nurse Practitioners, Kathryn L. Dambrino

DNP Projects

Background

Drug overdose deaths have become an escalating epidemic in the U.S. and surpassed motor vehicle collisions as the leading cause of accidental death. To combat opioid overdose, naloxone distribution to the public has been initiated in some states as a harm reduction strategy. Naloxone has been used for many years among hospital professionals as a life-saving antidote to reverse the respiratory depression effects of opioids, and the FDA has approved take-home naloxone devices for layperson use. Though legislation has been introduced in many states, such as Tennessee, to allow provider prescription of naloxone to laypersons, minimal data have been …

Measuring Multi-Sector Contributions To Public Health Delivery Systems & Population Health, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

The National Longitudinal Survey of Public Health Systems has followed a nationally-representative cohort of U.S. communities since 1998 to measure the scope of public health activities implemented in each community and the range of organizations and sectors that contribute to each activity. With 16 years of follow-up observations, this survey allows us to study the effects of demographic, economic, and policy shocks on public health delivery systems, and estimate the health effects attributable to delivery system change.

Decreasing Obesity And Obesity Stigma: Socio-Demographic Differences In Beliefs About Causes Of And Responsibility For Obesity, Christy F. Brady

Sociology Faculty Publications

Obesity is a stigmatized condition, and research has shown that obesity stigma varies based on the perceived cause of obesity. It is important that public health professionals develop policy and campaigns that resonate with specific populations while avoiding an increase in harmful stigma. This study identifies socio-demographic differences in causal attributions of obesity and beliefs about responsibility for obesity. Using data from a survey of 923 people in the United States conducted by ABC New/Time Magazine, attributions of cause and responsibility are analyzed using Ordinary Least Squares regression. Beliefs about cause and responsibility fall on a continuum from primarily individual …

Measuring Comprehensive Public Health Delivery Systems And Their Contributions To Population Health, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

Delivery and financing systems for public health services vary widely across U.S. communities, raising questions about the comparative effectiveness and efficiency of alternative structures. We summarize recent approaches for measuring alternative system configurations and estimating their health and economic effects.

An Exploration Of Core Values And Values Congruence In Local Public Health, Ross Graham, Christopher Mackie, Shannon L. Sibbald

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Background: Understanding and aligning staff core values with organizational values has been shown to contribute to positive work attitudes and increased organizational performance in the private sector. Little is known about the role of values in local public health.

Purpose: To identify public health staff core values, and to improve the alignment between staff values and organizational values (known as values congruence).

Methods: A Tribal Leadership exercise was used as part of a multi-stage strategic planning process at Canada’s largest autonomous local public health agency.

Results: Five sessions were held with 146 public health staff; 156 different values were reported. …

Lois Whaley Highsmith, Lois Whaley Highsmith, Kelsey Duinkerken

Jefferson Nursing Oral Histories

After originally studying chemical engineering at Penn State, Lois Highsmith decided to instead pursue nursing. At Jefferson she found a passion for community health nursing, specifically related to obstetrics, gynecology, and maternal child health. Ms. Highsmith graduated in 1986 and over the years worked mostly in maternal care but also in psychology. Among other positions, she worked for ten years at Pennsylvania Hospital where she founded STEPS, Strategies to Encourage Parental Self-Sufficiency, a teen pregnancy clinic, and worked as a home visitor for Mercy Home Health educating new moms about postpartum care. Since 2002 she has worked for Nurse Family …

Employing The Precautionary Principle To Evaluate The Use Of E-Cigarettes, Ashley M. Bush, James W. Holsinger Jr., Lawrence D. Prybil

Health Management and Policy Faculty Publications

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have emerged onto the public market as an alternative to tobacco cigarettes; however, science is inconclusive as e-cigarettes have not been thoroughly investigated, including their short- and long-term risks and benefits (1, 2). The question arises of whether e-cigarettes will become the future tobacco crisis. This paper connects the precautionary principle to the use of e-cigarettes in an effort to guide decision-makers in the prevention of adverse health outcomes and societal costs.

Colleen Young Elwood, Colleen Young Elwood, Kelsey Duinkerken

Jefferson Nursing Oral Histories

Colleen Young Elwood discovered her interest in nursing after finishing a Bachelor’s of Science in psychology and starting her career at Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. Learning about diabetes and working with diabetics sparked an interest in public and community health so she enrolled in Thomas Jefferson University’s two-year BSN program, which she graduated from in 2013. While at Jefferson her clinical experiences confirmed she was not interested in hospital nursing but instead in community nursing. After graduating she started working at Nurse Family Partnership, first as an intern and then as a Nurse-Home Visitor, where she helps new mothers during …

Breanne Ward, Breanne Ward, Kelsey Duinkerken

Jefferson Nursing Oral Histories

Though she originally decided to become an accountant during college, Breanne Ward soon realized she would rather be in a field where she could work more closely with people. She chose nursing because she wanted the opportunity to physically care for others. Ms. Ward was accepted as a nursing student in Jefferson’s Full-time Accelerated Coursework Track (FACT) program, during which time she discovered an interest in community health through both her non-hospital clinical experiences and volunteering with Jeff HEALTH (Helping East Africa Link To Health). After working in the Thomas Jefferson University Hospital and completing her Master’s in Community Systems …

The Emerging Zika Pandemic: Enhancing Preparedness, Lawrence O. Gostin, Daniel Lucey

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus related to yellow fever, dengue, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis, originated in the Zika forest in Uganda and was discovered in a rhesus monkey in 1947. The disease now has “explosive” pandemic potential, with outbreaks in Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the Americas. Since Brazil reported Zika virus in May 2015, infections have occurred in at least 20 countries in the Americas. Puerto Rico reported the first locally transmitted infection in December 2015, but Zika is likely to spread to the United States. The Aedes species mosquito (an aggressive daytime biter) that …

Mary Greenwood Schaal, Mary Greenwood Schaal, Kelsey Duinkerken

Jefferson Nursing Oral Histories

Dr. Schaal graduated from Jefferson’s Nursing Diploma Program in 1963 and received her BSN from Jefferson in 1981. Though she started her career as an operating room nurse she soon discovered an interest in public health. After coming back to Jefferson for her Bachelor’s degree and then going on to the University of Pennsylvania for her Master’s degree and Rutgers for her Doctorate, she began teaching Community Health to nursing students at Rutgers in Camden. Dr. Schaal then went on to teach in MCP Hahnemann’s graduate program, which is now Drexel, before coming back to Thomas Jefferson University and ending …

Public Health Measures Derived From The Jewish Tradition, Noam Zeffren, Tova Chein, Robert Stern

Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (New York) Publications and Research

The authors discuss public health measures that are described in the Torah and rabbinic literature.

An Assessment Of Workplace Injury In Kentucky’S Commercial Logging Industry, Logan Ray

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Objective: To identify demographic, operational, and task-related characteristics associated with increased frequency and severity of injury in Kentucky’s commercial loggers.

Methods: Kentucky Master Loggers attending mandatory continued education courses completed a survey tool eliciting demographic and operational characteristics of their companies, and details of any on-site injury in the years 2012 through 2015 that led to medical costs, lost days or time, and/or decreased production. Associations to injury frequency and injury severity were assessed using logistic regression analysis.

Results: 86 Kentucky Master Loggers representing 66 of Kentucky’s 120 counties reported 33 accounts of non-fatal logging injury. Master Loggers were full-time …

Cross Sectional Analysis Of Patients With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Enrolled In A Disease Management And Prevention Program, Jordan T. Perkins

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Background: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a heritable genetic condition that is largely underdiagnosed and has been estimated to affect 1 out of every 5,000-7,000 people in North America. The condition is characterized by a decrease in the production or activity of the alpha-1 antitrypsin protein, increasing risk for chronic lung or liver inflammation, that may lead to disease. Currently, there is no cure for the condition and augmentation therapy, which replaces the lost protein, has shown mixed results, meaning preventive measures taken by the patient are a large component of the prescribed treatment. Thus, patients with the condition are strongly …

The Association Between Latent Tuberculosis Infection And Diabetes Mellitus Control In The United States, Whitney L. Remy

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as a common comorbid condition for tuberculosis (TB). Those with comorbid conditions are more likely to develop active TB, to have trouble with treatment, and to have more severe symptoms.

Objective: To measure the prevalence and distribution of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and DM control in the United State and test their association when measured by tuberculin skin test (TST) or QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube blood test (QFT-GIT) and by HbA1c, respectively. Literature Review: One-third of the world population is infected with TB. Ten percent of TB cases worldwide are linked to diabetes mellitus. Studies …

Occupational Risks For Recent Asthma Episodes Among Adults, Molly Reese

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Objective

Asthma affects more than 37 million Americans at some point in their lives, making it one of the most common, but costly chronic conditions. There are many known risk factors for asthma, but additional research on environmental and occupational factors is needed to better understand the association between these variables and asthma. This study investigates the associations between occupational exposures and asthma episodes among adults.

Methods

Data was obtained from the 2011-2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Asthma Call-back Survey for adults. There was a final study population of 11,408 participants after the exclusion criteria were applied. The …

The Link Between Smoking, Lung Cancer And Socioeconomic Factors In Kentucky, Shreya Berlia

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Background and Purpose

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and the second most diagnosed cancer in both men and women in the United States. An estimated 158,080 deaths from lung cancer are expected to occur in 2016, which will account for approximately 1 in 4 of all cancer deaths. The 1- and 5-year relative survival rates for lung cancer are 44% and 17%, respectively. The incidence rate for lung cancer has been declining since the mid-1980s in men, but only since the mid-2000s in women. Tobacco smoke is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in …

Quality Improvement In The Department Of Family And Community Medicine At The University Of Kentucky, Manisha Vasishta

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

The purpose of this capstone project is to analyze the quality improvement data that was collected in order to increase the pediatric population at the University of Kentucky Department of Family and Community Medicine clinic at Turfland. There were three different patient populations that were surveyed: reproductive aged women between 18 and 40, parents of the pediatric population that the clinic saw between July 2014 and June 2015, and pregnant women between July 2014 and June 2015. The results show that continuity of care and not being able to see the provider of choice were some of the weaknesses that …

The Impact Of An Ambulatory Clinical Intervention On Viral Load Suppression And Retention In Care For Newly Diagnosed Hiv Persons, Latasha R. Jones

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Ambulatory clinical healthcare settings that serve patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are critical in improving access to quality HIV care and treatment, in part due to their ability to streamline patient care along the HIV care continuum. Barriers to HIV care are significant among newly diagnosed HIV patients and in order to engage and retain these individuals in care and treatment, specific interventions must be in place to link these individuals to care. In this study, the difference in differences method was used for data analysis to measure the impact of an ambulatory clinics intervention on their …

Access For Adolescents: Multisystemic Therapy In The Juvenile Justice System, Meagan Pilar

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

In this application for funding, DC YouthLink, a non-profit organization that connects adolescents in the juvenile justice system to community resources, proposes to implement an evidence-based mental health intervention into the juvenile justice system in Washington D.C. The Director of DC YouthLink will serve as the Principal Investigator for this pilot program; she, along with five trained staff members, will be responsible for implementing multisystemic therapy (MST), an intensive form of therapy designed specifically for at-risk youth and their families. We propose to intervene at three main stages of the juvenile justice system— intake, correctional placement/probation supervision, and reentry. The …

Enough Smoke: Implementation Of An Evidence-Based Smoking Cessation Program In Owsley County, Kentucky, Meghan Fay Johnson

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

In 1964, the first United States (U.S.) Surgeon General’s Report explicitly stating the dangers of smoking, including an increased risk of lung cancer, was released. Fifty years later, the U.S. continues to carry the significant health and economic burdens for failing to heed this public health warning. Owsley County, Kentucky, located in the heart of the Appalachian is one of the most impoverished and medically underserved counties in the U.S., ranking last in almost every category of overall health outcomes in the state. The county is also entirely rural, with no major cities within an 80-mile radius. In every health …

Hurricane Sandy : Public Health Staff Perceptions Of Impact And Recommendations For Future Preparedness, New York State, Asante Shipp Hilts

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

Risk Factors Associated With Severe Injuries In Inland Aquaculture Farms, Amah Martin

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Objective: The main objective of this study was to analyze risk factors associated with severe occupational injuries among inland aquaculture farms.

Methods: Survey results were compiled in a data set that consisted of qualitative data from 51 farmers who were interviewed between 2008 and 2011 in 10 states and the Canadian province of British Columbia. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used to assess the differences in the dichotomous level of severity among several farm and injury variables. Logistic regression was used to predict the outcome of a severe injury event.

Results: Injury observations that indicated the use of raceway …