Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Economic And Health Predictors Of National Postpartum Depression Prevalence: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis And Meta-Regression Of 308 Studies From 56 Countries, Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook, Taylor Cornwell-Hinrichs, Itzel Anaya

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) poses a major global public health challenge. PPD is the most common complication associated with childbirth and exerts harmful effects on children. Although hundreds of PPD studies have been published, we lack accurate global or national PPD prevalence estimates and have no clear account of why PPD appears to vary so dramatically between nations. Accordingly, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the global and national prevalence of PPD and a meta-regression to identify economic, health, social, or policy factors associated with national PPD prevalence.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of all papers reporting …

Reassessing The Duration Of The Second Stage Of Labor In Relation To Maternal And Neonatal Morbidity., Katherine L. Grantz, Rajeshwari Sundaram, Ling Ma, Stefanie Hinkle, Vincenzo Berghella, Matthew K. Hoffman, Uma M. Reddy

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To assess the morbidity associated with continuing the second-stage duration of labor, weighing the probability of spontaneous vaginal birth without morbidity compared with birth with serious maternal or neonatal complications.

METHODS: In a retrospective cohort, we analyzed singleton, vertex births at 36 weeks of gestation or greater without prior cesarean delivery (n=43,810 nulliparous and 59,605 multiparous women). We calculated rates of spontaneous vaginal birth and composite serious maternal or neonatal complications. Results were stratified by parity (nulliparous or multiparous) and epidural status (yes or no). Competing risks models were created for 1) spontaneous vaginal birth with no morbidity, 2) …

Needs Assessment For Creating A Patient-Centered, Community-Engaged Health Program For Homeless Pregnant Women, Tegan Ake, Sabina Diehr, Leslie Ruffalo, Emily Farias, Ashton Fitzgerald, Samuel D. Good, Lindsay B. Howard, Stefan P. Kostelyna, Linda N. Meurer

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Women who experience homelessness during pregnancy have poorer birth outcomes than the general population. This exploratory research describes the needs assessment of homeless women currently living at a shelter in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to identify unmet needs related to maternal and infant perinatal health as the first step in designing a mutually beneficial patient-centered service-learning program for medical students to address these needs.

Methods: Two 1-hour focus groups were held at a shelter for women who are homeless and/or victims of domestic violence. A total of 13 women participated in each session; four medical students and a physician served as …

Z-Can: Prevention Of Unintended Pregnancy In An Emergency Setting, Marleen Temmerman, Cora Nally

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Prevention of unintended pregnancy is a primary strategy to reduce adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes related to Zika virus infection. Infection during pregnancy, either through a mosquito bite or sex with an infected partner, increases the risk of the child developing congenital microcephaly and other fetal brain abnormalities, resulting in the birth of a child with severe disabilities that will necessitate lifelong care.1,2

Pregnancy-Associated Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: A Contemporary Review, Sonu Sahni, Narcisse Amine

Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (New York) Publications and Research

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM), also referred to as mediastinal emphysema, is defined as the presence of free air in the mediastinal cavity without a clear and identifiable cause. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum, in general, is a relatively rare condition, more so in the setting of pregnancy or labor. Clinically, SPM may present as dyspnea, chest pain, and subcutaneous swelling, which may be of serious concern in the setting of pregnancy. A comprehensive literature review revealed that the majority of patients are primiparas, of a younger age, and have term or longer durations of pregnancy. The second stage of labor was found to be …

Social Determinants Of Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy: Findings From Waves 1 & 2 Of The Population Assessment Of Tobacco And Health (Path) Study, Elizabeth K. Do, Tiffany L. Green, Elizabeth C. Prom-Wormley, Bernard F. Fuemmeler

Health Policy Publications

Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure are associated with a myriad of negative health effects for both mother and child. However, less is known regarding social determinants for SHS exposure, which may differ from those of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP). To identify social determinants for SHS exposure only, MSDP only, and MSDP and SHS exposure, data were obtained from all pregnant women (18–54 years; N = 726) in waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2014–2015). Multiple logistic regressions were conducted using SAS 9.4. Smoke exposure during pregnancy was …

Are Children Of A Diabetic Mother In Comparison To Children Of A Nondiabetic Mother At An Increased Risk For Developing Obesity In The First 10 Years Of Life?, Chhorn Pho

Theses and Graduate Projects

Body weight, glucose, insulin, and leptin were studied in children of mothers with gestational diabetes, type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Breast milk of diabetic mothers was also analyzed to study its relationship to childhood obesity. In the first 2 years of life, infants of mothers with gestational diabetes have no significant difference in weight gain but by the age of 10, most of the children birthed by any diabetic mothers were either overweight or obese. Children of mothers diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 have higher resistance to insulin than children of mothers with other diabetes types. Leptin was …

The Impact Of Sexual Education On Decreasing Adolescent Pregnancy In Nicaragua, Allison Greenwood

Theses and Graduate Projects

Half of the females of Nicaragua will have given birth by their 20th birthday.1 Nicaragua has one of the highest fertility rates in the world and exceeds the fertility rate average in Latin America with 109 (births per 1000 females aged 15-19) compared to the average of 79 births.1,2 Young maternal age is linked to higher incidences of pregnancy complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and neonatal mortality.2 Nicaragua’s high adolescent pregnancy rate is a result of a multifactorial social and political climate. The initiation of a teen's sexual debut is complex and hinges on multiple factors from …

Analysis Of Intrauterine Device Implementation And Review Of Prevention Strategies To Reduce Adolescent Pregnancy In Nicaragua, Haley Johnson

Theses and Graduate Projects

Adolescent pregnancy is one of the main healthcare issues facing Nicaragua. Prevention strategies are needed to avoid the maternal and fetal outcomes associated with young pregnancies. Extensive literature analysis and face-to-face discussions in Nicaragua were conducted to determine the current incidence of adolescent pregnancy and contraception use, barriers to reproductive health for adolescents, maternal outcomes of adolescent pregnancy, and if intrauterine devices have the potential to be a culturally effective method of contraception. Specific barriers to reproductive health for adolescents were identified to be machismo, societal criticism, lack of reproductive education, fear of infection from IUDs, and underutilization of healthcare …

Pregnant Women's Knowledge About Fetal Movement Count, Jade Hanna Bowen

Honors Undergraduate Theses

BACKGROUND: Fetal movement count (FMC) is a non-invasive tool used to evaluate fetal well-being and prevent stillbirth. FMC decrease the chances of stillbirth occurrence (Tveit et al., 2009), but in other countries, research shows that women are not taught about the benefits of FMC (Berndl, O'Connel, & Mcload, 2013). The purposes of this study were to discover 1) the knowledge of pregnant women in their third trimester about FMC and 2) sources through which women learn about FMC.

METHODOLOGY: The study is a quantitative descriptive design. An original survey consisting of 12 questions was created for the study. Inclusion criteria …

Predictors Of Preterm Birth After Physical Exam Indicated Cerclage In Singleton Pregnancies, Amanda Roman, Gabriele Saccone, Sarah Pachtman, Yury Cruz, Burt Rochelson, Adiel Fleischer, Pasquale Martinelli, Vincenzo Berghella

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Posters

Objective

To evaluate the predictors of preterm birth <32 weeks in women that underwent physical exam indicated cerclage (PEIC) in singleton pregnancy.

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Of Human Placentae At Term And Preterm Delivery., Alison G Paquette, Heather M Brockway, Nathan D Price, Louis J Muglia

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Preterm birth affects 1 out of every 10 infants in the United States, resulting in substantial neonatal morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are few predictive markers and few treatment options to prevent preterm birth. A healthy, functioning placenta is essential to positive pregnancy outcomes. Previous studies have suggested that placental pathology may play a role in preterm birth etiology. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that preterm placentae may exhibit unique transcriptomic signatures compared to term samples reflective of their abnormal biology leading to this adverse outcome. We aggregated publicly available placental villous microarray data to generate a preterm and term …

Uterine Prolapse In A Pregnant Cat, Zeynep Günay Uçmak, Meli̇h Uçmak, Ali̇ Can Çeti̇n, Çağatay Tek

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A 3-year-old, 2.5-kg British shorthair cat with dystocia and protrusion of a mass through the vulva was presented to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University. Upon clinical examination, a complete uterine prolapse was diagnosed. Because of a blood blister and oedema in the uterine horns, ovariohysterectomy treatment was decided. During laparotomy, one foetus was detected in the cranial portion of the left uterine horn. After manual reduction and intraabdominal withdrawal of the prolapsed uterus, a caesarean section was performed to deliver the foetus. The last litter and the queen were discharged from the clinic in …

Physical And Psychological Health Outcomes Of Pregnancy-Related Intimate Partner Violence, Darrlyn Waynette Cornelius-Averhart

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health issue that transcends cultures and nationalities. Women and men have been impacted by sexual violence through rape and other types of IPV. Each year, women experience IPV before and during pregnancies and are impacted by physical and psychological outcomes as a result. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of IPV on the health outcomes of diabetes (Types 1, 2, and gestational), high blood pressure before pregnancy, and depression/anxiety among adult women before and during pregnancy. The social ecological model provided the framework for this quantitative cross-sectional study that …

Treating Peri And Postnatal Depression And Anxiety, Emily M. Stevenson

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

While diagnoses of depression and anxiety are not uncommon for women during pregnancy and after delivery, one of the greatest challenges in the plan of treatment is to ensure that the offspring are kept safe while the psychological well-being of the mother is appropriately cared for. The objective of this literature review is to evaluate the commonly prescribed treatment methods for prenatal and postnatal depression, focusing on the efficacy of antidepressant medications and nonpharmacologic treatments while evaluating the effects these medications have on the fetus/breastfeeding infant. The method of research included 15 studies completed within the past ten years on …

The Effects Of Pre-Pregnancy Tobacco Use On Food Cravings And Weight Gain In Pregnancy, Lauren E. Blau

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Smoking cessation is associated with greater frequency of food cravings, even when controlling for body mass index. Recent studies have indicated similarities between obese women and women who smoke tobacco in mood states and food craving frequency. This is consistent with the common substrate hypothesis, which postulates that shared neural pathways mediate craving across multiple domains, and could explain why it is common for women attempting to quit smoking to gain weight. Smoking cessation prior to pregnancy is strongly encouraged due to the adverse effects of tobacco use on the developing fetus. Studies have shown that women who quit smoking …

Immunohistochemical Localization Of Podoplanin In The Placentas Of Hiv-Positivepreeclamptic Women, Onankoy Onyangunga, Jagidesda Moodley, Frederick Odun-Ayo, Thajasvarie Naicker

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Impaired lymphatic function is associated with pathological conditions. The presence of placental lymphatics is still under debate. This study evaluates the placental podoplanin expression in normotensive and preeclamptic women with and without HIV. Materials and methods: Normotensive (n = 60) and preeclamptic (n = 120) pregnant women were stratified into early and late onset preeclampsia and further divided by HIV status. Immunostaining was performed using the podoplanin antibody prior to the morphometric image analysis. Results: Podoplanin was immunolocalized in a reticular-like stroma complex within the exchange and conducting villi. The immunoexpression of podoplanin was significantly upregulated in the exchange …

Comparison Of Percutaneous Nephrostomy And Double J Stent In Symptomatic Pregnancy Hydronephrosis Treatment, Adnan Şi̇mşi̇r, Fuat Kizilay, Mehmet Bülent Semerci̇

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: We aimed to compare the success rate of percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) and double J stenting (DJS) in the treatment of symptomatic pregnancy hydronephrosis. Materials and methods: Diagnosis and grading of hydronephrosis were performed by urinary ultrasound (USG) and Doppler mode was used for evaluation of renal arterial resistivity index (RI). Patients were divided into two groups according to the method used for the treatment of hydronephrosis: group A (PCN, n = 38) and group B (DJS, n = 46). A P value < 0.05 was considered signi cant. Results: The number of patients requiring second intervention was higher in group B (P = 0.0018) and time to secondary intervention was signi cantly earlier in group B also (P = 0.0025). e number of tertiary intervention was again higher in group B (5/16 vs. 1/6) and the need for tertiary intervention was higher in patients who underwent DJS implantation as a secondary intervention than those who underwent PCN (5/11 vs. 1/11, P = 0.0012). e time to tertiary intervention was longer in patients with PCN than in those with DJS (P = 0.0048). Conclusion: PCN may be preferred to DJS in symptomatic pregnancy hydronephrosis because it requires fewer re-interventions a er longer times.

The Translation, Validity And Reliability Of The German Version Of The Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire, Katja Ehrenbrusthoff, Cormac G. Ryan, Christian Gruneberg, Benedict Wand, Denis J. Martin

Physiotherapy Papers and Journal Articles

Background: The Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ) claims to assess disrupted self-perception of the back. The aim of this study was to develop a German version of the Fre-BAQ (FreBAQ-G) and assess its test-retest reliability, its known-groups validity and its convergent validity with another purported measure of back perception.

Methods: The FreBaQ-G was translated following international guidelines for the transcultural adaptation of questionnaires. Thirty-five patients with non-specific CLBP and 48 healthy participants were recruited. Assessor one administered the FreBAQ-G to each patient with CLBP on two separate days to quantify intra-observer reliability. Assessor two administered the FreBaQ-G to each patient …

Wayne County Board Of Education Adaptation Of Love Notes Curriculum For Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention, Allison Shea Merritt

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

West Virginia has the 8^th highest rate of adolescent pregnancy in the United States and the rate in Wayne County is significantly higher. Adolescent pregnancies cause negative health outcomes for both the baby and the mother. Adolescent mothers are at an increased risk of anemia, preeclampsia, and preterm labor and babies born to adolescent mothers are more likely to have a low birth weight and to have cognitive impairment. To address this burden, the school board has decided to use the ADAPT-ITT framework on the evidence-based Love Notes adolescent pregnancy prevention curriculum to adapt it to be more culturally …

Rem Initiative To Develop Educational Strategies For Inductions Of Labor, Chandra Evette Jones-Worthing

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Inductions of labor that occur prior to 39 weeks' gestation can pose increased risks for the mother-baby dyad. In the target setting, there is a gap in knowledge among the pregnant women about options for delivery, hospital policies and procedures, and what to expect in the labor and delivery experience. Because of this gap in knowledge, the pregnant patient is unable to make informed decisions regarding her needs, expectations, and care. This lack of knowledge has resulted in a 40-50% rate of inductions of labor at the target site, which is well above the 2014 national average of 25%. In …

The Effect Of Breastfeeding And Rooming-In Care On Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, Rachel Boyer, Lindsay Gal, Mahaylie Cline

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Concurrent with a rise in opioid abuse during pregnancy is an increase in the number of babies born with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS). Despite this crisis, no single treatment has been identified for NAS. This paper sought to analyze and synthesize research evaluating the effectiveness of breastfeeding and rooming-in care on the need and length of pharmacologic treatment and length of hospital stay for neonates with NAS. Twenty-six peer reviewed research articles published between 2006 and 2017 were selected from PubMed and CINAHL for analysis. The studies focused on neonates with NAS born to mothers addicted to opioids or undergoing …

Intimate Partner Violence And Its Impact On Pregnant Women And Their Infants: A Systematic Review, Rachel Ashley, Emily Pagni, Alissarh Choujaa

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Abstract

In the United States, about 324,000 pregnant women are victims of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) annually. IPV is any type of physical, sexual, or emotional abuse of women or men in family units. IPV has detrimental effects on pregnant women and their babies, from their physical health to their mental health. It is important for nurses and other healthcare providers to have knowledge and understanding about IPV in this population and to use effective interventions and screening procedures. The purpose of this systematic review is to review and critically analyze evidence about IPV in pregnant women. The literature search …

Child Sexual Abuse And Prenatal Care: Understanding Screening, Modifications, And Proper Care, Wendy Abbott-Egnor

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Research has shown that 1 in 9 women in prenatal care have a history of childhood sexual abuse. Pregnant women with a history of childhood sexual abuse are at increased risk of depression, somatization, preterm contractions, posttraumatic stress symptomology, and re-traumatization. The purpose of this study was to bridge the gap in literature between research and practice. Data was collected from practitioners regarding the care and treatment of pregnant women with a childhood sexual abuse history. It was hypothesized that screening practices and modification to care and treatment based on practitioner knowledge of prior sex abuse history will vary by …

The Effect Of Asymmetry On Pregnancy-Related Pain In The Postpartum Period, Krista G. Meder

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Nearly 50% of women experience back pain and other lower extremity pain during pregnancy, with many reporting lasting pain postpartum. Pregnant women experience changes to their pelvis and lower extremities that do not always return to pre-pregnancy baseline. Not much is known of the lingering effects of pregnancy related asymmetry and its relationship to pain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess asymmetries of the pelvis and lower extremities to determine whether malalignment is related to areas of pain at the low back, hip, thigh, knee, leg, and foot/ankle. Methods: Seventeen postpartum women and seven nulliparous controls were …

Mechanisms And Treatment Of Halogen Inhalation-Induced Pulmonary And Systemic Injuries In Pregnant Mice, James Lambert

All ETDs from UAB

Toxic chemicals may pose an increased threat to vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and their unborn fetuses. The halogen bromine has numerous industrial utilities that include flame retardant, pharmaceutical, insecticide, and bleaching additive production. At room temperature, bromine is a volatile liquid. When the gas is inhaled, bromine causes exposure-dependent acute and chronic pulmonary and systemic injuries that range from mild eye and airway irritation to severe damage to the cardiopulmonary system and other organs, which can lead to death. If exposure is survived, patients still may develop reactive airway disease syndrome and pulmonary fibrosis as well as restrictive …

Preconceptional Health Behavior Change In Women With Overweight And Obesity: Prototype For Smart Strong Healthy Women Intervention, Frank T. Materia, Joshua M. Smyth, Kristin E. Heron, Marianne Hillemeier, Mark E. Feinberg, Patricia Fonzi, Danielle Symons

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background: The prevalence of maternal perinatal obesity is rising, and in turn, increases health risks and morbidity for both mother and child. Past evidence suggests the preconceptional Strong Healthy Women (SHW) intervention can reduce multiple biobehavioral risk factors for adverse perinatal health. The SHW intervention, however, was time- and resource-intensive to deliver. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies provide an opportunity to expand intervention reach while reducing implementation cost and burden. Previous research suggests that preconceptional women are broadly supportive of using smartphones for behavior change, yet few studies have elicited their specific preferences for a targeted mHealth intervention. The objective of …

Depression Across Pregnancy And The Postpartum, Antidepressant Use And The Association With Female Sexual Function, Megan Galbally, Stuart J. Watson, Michael Permezel, Andrew J. Lewis

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: There is an established relationship between depression and sexual functioning in women. However, there is limited research examining the relationship between perinatal depression and sexual functioning.

Methods: This study draws on the Mercy Pregnancy and Emotional Wellbeing Study and reports on 211 women recruited in early pregnancy and followed to 12 months postpartum. Women were assessed for depression using the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV, repeated measurement of depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and sexual functioning using the Female Sexual Functioning Inventory. Data were also collected on antidepressant use, mode of delivery, history of childhood …

Placental Eicosanoids And Sphingolipids In Preeclampsia, Daniel T. Reep

Theses and Dissertations

Placental dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Chemical signals between the placenta and maternal circulation are a suspect cause of endothelial dysfunction and maternal hypertension. This study examined select lipid mediators of inflammation produced by the placenta. Patients were recruited from Virginia Commonwealth University’s pregnancy clinics and placentas were collected at delivery. Forty-eight-hour explant cultures of villous placental tissue were used to model lipid production. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to quantify concentrations of free lipids in the culture media. Bicinchoninic acid assays were performed to quantify protein in each culture for normalization of lipid data. After …

"To Conceive With Child Is The Earnest Desire If Not Of All, Yet Of Most Women": The Advancement Of Prenatal Care And Childbirth In Early Modern England: 1500-1770, Victoria E.C. Glover

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis analyzes medical manuals published in England between 1500 and 1770 to trace developing medical understandings and prescriptive approaches to conception, pregnancy, and childbirth. While there have been plenty of books written regarding social and religious changes in the reproductive process during the early modern era, there is a dearth of scholarly work focusing on the medical changes which took place in obstetrics over this period. Early modern England was a time of great change in the field of obstetrics as physicians incorporated newly-discovered knowledge about the male and female body, new fields and tools, and new or revived …