Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Impact Of Impaired Glucose Metabolism On Periodontitis Progression Over Three Years, Oelisoa M. Andriankaja, Kaumudi Joshipura, Francisco Muñoz, Bruce A. Dye, Frank B. Hu, Cynthia M. Pérez

Center for Oral Health Research Faculty Publications

We evaluated the relationship between glucose abnormalities and periodontitis in overweight/obese individuals. Eight hundred and seventy (870) diabetes-free participants aged 40–65 years completed the three-year follow-up in the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study. The ADA thresholds for fasting and 2-h post-load glucose and HbA1c were used to define prediabetes. The NHANES methods were used to assess periodontitis. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between baseline glucose metabolism measures and periodontitis at follow-up, adjusting for potential confounders. There was no association between impaired glucose measures and mean pocket depth (PD), mean clinical attachment loss (CAL), or mean …

Effect Of Aerobic Or Resistance Exercise, Or Both, On Intermuscular And Visceral Fat And Physical And Metabolic Function In Older Adults With Obesity While Dieting, Debra L Waters, Lina Aguirre, Burke Gurney, David R Sinacore, Kenneth Fowler, Giulia Gregori, Reina Armamento-Villareal, Clifford Qualls, Dennis T Villareal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Obesity exacerbates age-related effects on body composition and physical and metabolic function. Which exercise mode is most effective in mitigating these deleterious changes in dieting older adults with obesity is unknown.

METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial, we performed a head-to-head comparison of aerobic (AEX), resistance (REX), or combination (COMB) exercise during matched ~10% weight loss in 160 obese older adults. Prespecified analyses compared 6-month changes in intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) assessed using MRI, insulin sensitivity index (ISI) by oral glucose tolerance test, physical function using Modified Physical Performance Test (PPT), VO2peak, gait speed, …

Preoperative Weight Loss For Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery Utilizing Motivational Interviewing To Decrease Postoperative Complications: A Quality Improvement Project, Amanda Welle

Nursing Posters

Do patients who are obese, based on BMI>30 and are offered lumbar spine surgery, who undergo preoperative MI via telehealth to lose weight, compared to those who don’t undergo MI have decreased postoperative complications at 30 days postoperatively?

Conclusions/Implications:

• Results from this QI project suggest a higher BMI class is associated with postoperative complications-wound infection.
• However, given the small sample size no conclusions could be drawn
• This QI project should be replicated on a larger scale
• The process for recruitment and intervention is established. The Neurosurgical providers are supportive of the continued study.

Obesity, Physical Activity And Prostate Cancer: An Overview, Joanna Kruk, Joshua Bernstein, Basil Aboul-Enein

Health & Wellness Department Faculty Publications and Research

Obesity and a lack of sufficient physical activity (PA) are recognized as risk factors for most civilization diseases, including cancer. This study synthesized the current evidence evaluating the relationship between excess body weight and prostate cancer (PCa) in the relation to the disease risk, progression, and mortality, and identifies biological plausibility of the association. We also estimated the importance of PA in intentional body weight loss. Several electronic major databases to identify eligible articles were searched until March 2022. A total 22 observational articles, the literature on the underlying biological mechanisms, and the crucial evidence of a role of PA …

Improving Nutrition Literacy In Primary Care, Kami D. Dykes

DNP Research Projects

Abstract

By the year 2030, nearly one in every two adults will have obesity (Body Mass Index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m².), and one in four adults will have severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m²) (Ward et al., 2019). Equally troubling is that obesity poses a threat to the health of individuals, decreases the quality of life, shortens life expectancy, causes and worsens comorbidities, and increases all- cause mortality (Abdelaal et al., 2017). Studies have shown a link between BMI, nutritional knowledge, and dietary practices. Nutrition literacy is a newer term that refers to the complex relationship between nutrition …

Physical Inactivity, Obesity, And The Latino Adult Population: A Literature Review, Steven Gunzelman

College of Health Sciences Posters

Physical Inactivity, Obesity, and the Latino Adult Population: A Literature Review

Abstract

Purpose: The Latino population within the United States show low levels of physical activity and have a high prevalence of obesity. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the interaction between three different levels of the social ecological model and their impact on physical inactivity behaviors.

Methods: The databases CINAHL Plus, PubMed, and PsycINFO were searched with Latino adults as the target population. The inclusion criteria were studies focusing on Latino adults over the age of 18 that live in the United States that discuss the …

The Importance Of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors In The Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease, Leonard A. Kaminsky, Charles German, Mary Imboden, Cemal Ozemek, James E. Peterman, Peter H. Brubaker

Faculty Publications - Department of Kinesiology

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Advancements in the treatment of CVD have reduced mortality rates, yet the global burden of CVD remains high. Considering that CVD is still largely a preventable disease, prioritizing preventative measures through healthy lifestyle (HL) behaviors is necessary to lessen the burden of CVD. HL behaviors, such as regular exercise, healthy eating habits, adequate sleep, and smoking cessation, can influence a number of traditional CVD risk factors as well as a less commonly measured risk factor, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). It is important to note that cardiac rehabilitation programs, which traditionally have …

Role Of Socioeconomic Status And Obesity In African American Adults, Alexis Bryant, Laura Christian, Naomi Mcleod

College of Health Sciences Posters

African Americans have a higher prevalence of obesity compared to any other racial/ethnic group due to a variety of factors, including socioeconomic status. This research paper presents a semi-systematic literature review revealing the impact socioeconomic status has on obesity among African American adults in the United States. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of this public health issue, we examined the risk factors, risk behaviors, and health outcomes surrounding obesity among this population. An informational web-based search was conducted using various research databases including PubMed, CINAHL, and EBSCOHost. The terms “obesity,” “African Americans, “ and “socioeconomic status” were utilized …

Thinking Inside The Food Pantry Box, Elizabeth Shoaf

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Background: Prior research has indicated a varying relationship between food security and obesity risk. Food insecurity is a known complication of men and women’s underlying health issues, such as hypertension and diabetes, because of altered food choices.

Objective: Provide healthier food options to the food insecure within the facility’s food distribution boxes, as available, for the two most common health issues (diabetes and high blood pressure).

Methods: Clients at a local food pantry were interviewed individually to learn more about food insecurity and complicating health issues, such as obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure (hypertension) while simultaneously offering alternative food …

Intermittent Fasting And Reduction Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk, Ethan Dekam

Theses and Graduate Projects

Background: Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Intermittent fasting is a unique intervention that is beginning to be studied more extensively for weight loss, positive alterations in serum lipid profile, and improvement of insulin resistance which are all modifiable risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease.

Purpose: The research question at the center of this literature review is: does the addition of intermittent fasting reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease? The reduction of cardiovascular disease was studied through alterations in weight, cholesterol, and diabetic labs.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review …

Implementing Obesity And Comorbidity Education In A Faith-Based Setting, Tammy Lynn

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

The aim of the study was to increase knowledge of the damaging consequences of obesity and related comorbidities. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions on a global scale and increases the potential health risk of many associated diseases. Faith-Based organizations have been found to be optimal resources for public health education. The shared beliefs and comradery are a source of support and encouragement for those who face many of life’s challenges, as well as life’s joys. The purpose of the project was to investigate the effectiveness of education delivered in a Baptist church on the topics of obesity and related comorbidities. …

Differential Methylation Patterns In Lean And Obese Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Emma Hymel, Kurt W. Fisher, Evi A. Farazi

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease affects about 24% of the world's population and may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While more common in those that are obese, NASH-HCC can develop in lean individuals. The mechanisms by which HCC develops and the role of epigenetic changes in the context of obesity and normal weight are not well understood.

METHODS: In this study, we used previously generated mouse models of lean and obese HCC using a choline deficient/high trans-fat/fructose/cholesterol diet and a choline supplemented/high trans-fat/fructose/cholesterol diet, respectively, to evaluate methylation differences in HCC progression in lean versus …

Differential Progression Of Unhealthy Diet-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Obese And Non-Obese Mice, Emma Hymel, Elizabeth M. Vlock, Kurt W. Fisher, Paraskevi A. Farazi

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranks first among liver diseases in Western countries. NAFLD is typically associated with obesity and diabetes, however it also develops in lean individuals without metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of lean NAFLD is 7 percent in the U.S. and 25-30 percent in some Asian countries. NAFLD starts with excess liver fat accumulation (NAFL), progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of lean NASH-HCC and how it differs from obese NASH-HCC is not well understood.

METHODS: In this work, we generated a mouse model of lean and obese NASH-HCC using a …

Mothers' Perceptions Of Their Children's Weight: Opportunity For Health Promotion In Kuwait, Abdullah Al-Taiar, Nawal Alqaoud, Reem Sharaf-Alddin, Muge Akpinar-Elci

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: Mothers’ perceptions of their children’s weight remain mostly unknown in oil-rich countries of the Middle East.

Aims: To compare maternal perceptions of their children’s weight with actual body weight.

Methods: We used the Kuwait nutritional surveillance data for 5 consecutive years (2015-2019) (N = 5119), which were collected through face-to-face interviews with mothers of children aged 2-5 years attending vaccination centres.

Results: Of the 5119 mothers in the study, 163 (3.18%) and 332 (6.48%) had obese or overweight children, respectively. Among 4624 mothers who had normal weight children, 1350 (29.20%) perceived their children’s weight as …

Lived Experience Of Albanian Migrants Who Became Obese After Moving To The United States, Briseida Xhelaj

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem of obesity is significant in the United States, and more information is needed about the factors that increase the risk for obesity among migrant populations like Albanian Americans. The purpose of this study was to discover the lived experience of Albanian migrants who became obese after moving to the United States. This study was guided by the social ecological model. The research questions were used to examine how individual, relationship, community, and societal level factors impacted lifestyle changes and obesity for Albanian American migrants after moving to the United States. This qualitative study involved the use of a …

Potential Impact Of Socioeconomic Status On Complications Associated With Obesity In Adult Women In The United States., Cassidy Taylor

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Abstract

The purpose of this project is to determine whether there is an association between socioeconomic factors and complications of obesity in adult women in the United States based on the national 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data.

Dependent variables were categorized as complications associated with obesity in adult, obese women. BRFSS items that referenced objective measures regarding chronic obesity-related complications included items such as diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, and breast cancer diagnosis. Two measures relating to participants’ socioeconomic status were also used as independent variables. BRFSS items that referenced objective measures regarding socioeconomic status are educational attainment, …

Evaluation Of Cardiovascular Changes In Patients With Gastric Wall Fat Halo Sign, Ali̇ Küpeli̇, Eser Bulut, Edhem Ünver, Gürkan Danişan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study aims to investigate the relationship between gastric wall fat halo sign and potentially associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) in thoracic computed tomography (CT). Materials and methods: Between October 2020 and January 2021, 62 patients with gastric wall fat halo sign and 62 controls were evaluated with thorax CT. Patient's height, weight, body mass index (BMI), sex, age, comorbidities, laboratory parameters, diameters of cardiac axes, aorta and pulmonary artery; aorta and coronary artery calcium scores were recorded for the two groups. Results: No significant differences were found in sex, age, height, body weight or BMI between the two groups …

Nursing Staff Education Project To Improve Diabetic Patients' Glycemic Control, Valerie R. Gaston

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting more than 34.2 million people in the United States. The International Diabetes Federation predicted by the year 2045 an estimated 700 million people will have diabetes. In the clinic project site, the practice problem involved the increasing clinician’s knowledge about Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with improved glycemic control through self-care management. The purpose of this project was to develop an educational training and intervention for staff to increase their knowledge of self-care management to improve glycemic control and have it validated by a panel of experts before dispersing it to the intended audience. …

Modeling The Effects Of Adverse Childhood Experiences Using A Mouse Model Of Neglect: Mechanisms Of Adiposity Expansion In Females, Jacqueline Leachman

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are an independent risk factor for chronic disease, including obesity and metabolic syndrome. We have previously shown that a mouse model of early life stress, maternal separation and early weaning (MSEW), exacerbates high-fat diet (HF)-induced obesity only in adult female mice. In agreement, the analysis of several cohorts of participants exposed to ACEs have shown that women are more susceptible to develop obesity than men. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the link between early life stress and obesity in pre-clinical and clinical settings. Male and female MSEW mice fed 1 week a …

Investigating The Effects Of Body Weight Fluctuations On Insulin Resistance In Adults: A Nhanes Study, Jessica Claire Burke

All Master's Theses

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a history of weight cycling on insulin resistance (IR) utilizing the 2015-2020 NHANES database. A value greater than 3.2 for homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to define IR. No study to date has examined the weight cycling question since its application in the NHANES 2015-2016 cycle year. RESULTS 53% of the total 4100 participants reported weight cycling at least once and 33% of the total were classified as having IR. Prevalence of IR and obesity were highest amongst those who weight cycled 3 times or …

Childhood Obesity Interventions In The Republic Of Trinidad And Tobago: A Qualitative Study Exploring Government Policies And Their Implementation By Health Practitioners, Phyllis Woolford

Dissertations

Because of the rising prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, and the observation that efforts to address the problem were showing disappointing results, this study seeks to explore the experiences and views of policymakers, health practitioners, and parents of overweight and obese children, in order to inform leaders and policy makers regarding the current interventions.

Method

A qualitative research case study methodology is the research design used, which, with my research questions, I considered would best uncover knowledge and provide perspectives that would provide an increased understanding of the issues arising from the …

African American Women’S Body Image Perceptions And The Built Environment, Andrea Denise Smith

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

African American (AA) women have a 54.8% overall obesity rate in the United States. This quantitative cross-sectional study’s aim was to determine what factors may have an impact on body image perceptions of AA women in Alabama and New Jersey. A gap in research this study addressed is sociodemographic and geographic differences that may impact obesity rates among AA women. The theoretical framework used for this study was the social cognitive theory. Secondary data were obtained from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Linear regression (LR) analyses results showed that none of the sociodemographic variables (education level, employment status, …

Project Spraoi: The Implementation And Outcomes Of A Process Evaluation Of A School-Based Health Promotion Intervention, Yvonne Larrissa O’Byrne

Theses

Large multi-site school-based interventions are challenging to implement and difficult to evaluate due to the complex adaptive nature of schools as a research setting. This study focused on implementing a comprehensive process evaluation of a multicomponent primary school-based health promotion called Project Spraoi (PS), alongside intervention delivery, to aid the translation of outcomes and understand the moderating role of contextual factors on intervention delivery. PS is led by a physical activity (PA) specialist known as an Energizer and aims to improve children’s PA levels and reduce sedentary time by delivering 20 minutes extra daily moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) during …

Implementation Of Farmers Markets In Bell County, Kentucky, Rachael Schmetzer

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

This proposal addresses the link between food insecurity and obesity through the implementation of farmers markets in Bell County, Kentucky as a way to increase access and consumption of fruits and vegetables in this rural, low-income community.

Complexities And Complications Of Extreme Obesity, Haval Ali, Udit Naik, Michelle Mcdonald, Mohammad Almosa, Karen Horn, Alexis Staines, Louis Maximilian Buja

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Obesity is a common chronic disorder and has detrimental long-term consequences if left untreated. Herein, we report a case of a young lady who suffered from morbid obesity and many of its consequences, and we present a literature review of these complications. While the cause of obesity is multifactorial, the genetic component is particularly important in the pathophysiology of marked obesity. Resistance to Leptin is considered one of the main causes of obesity. There is a unique relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity, as observed in our case. Obesity is associated with cardiovascular and lung diseases such as heart …

Is Phentermine/Topiramate Er With Lifestyle Modifications Effective In Achieving Weight Loss In Obese Patients With Comorbidities?, Elizabeth A. Stubbs

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Is phentermine/topiramate ER with lifestyle modifications effective in achieving weight loss in obese patients with comorbidities?”

Study Design: A systematic review of three placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English in 2012 or after.

Data Sources: All three studies were found by searching PubMed and were published in peer-reviewed journals. The articles were selected based on ability to answer the proposed question.

Outcome Measured: Percent weight loss was the outcome measured in all three studies. This was measured based on mean percent weight loss from …

Deletion Of Period Genes Exacerbates Diet-Induced Obesity In Female, But Not Male, Mice, Elizabeth Kantra

Theses and Dissertations--Biology

Sex differences in obesity in mice are mediated by differential responses of circadian rhythms to high-fat feeding in males and females. Other studies also showed circadian Period genes regulate diet-induced obesity in mice. In this study, we investigated the role of the Period genes in regulating sex differences in obesity. Male and female C57BL/6J wild type, Per1/2 KO, and Per1/2/3 KO mice were housed in 12L:12D and fed high-fat diet for 12 weeks. We found a striking sex difference in obesity such that disabling the Period genes exacerbated adiposity in female, but not male, mice. Increased adiposity in female Period …

Level Of Obesity Is Directly Associated With Complications Following Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair, Alireza K. Nazemi, Kevin I. Kashanchi, David E. Komatsu, Edward D. Wang

Stony Brook Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Journal

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between increasing levels of obesity and post-operative complications within 30 days of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR).

Methods: We queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for all patients who underwent ARCR from 2015 to 2017. Patients were stratified into 3 cohorts according to their body mass index (BMI). Patients with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 were placed in the non-obese cohort, patients with a BMI between 30 and 40 kg/m2 were placed in the obese cohort, and patients with a BMI > 40 kg/m2 were placed in the morbidly obese cohort. Postoperative complications within 30 days of the procedure were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between increasing levels …

Primary Care Provider Education On Behavioral Interventions For Management Of Adult, Rose Chinasa Kajuru

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The high prevalence of obesity continues to pose significant health challenges globally. According to the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force, obesity affects more than 35% of men and 40% of women in the United States. The national annual cost of medical care related to obesity is estimated at $147 to $210 billion. Intensive behavioral interventions in adults with obesity can lead to clinically sufficient improvements. The project aimed to determine if the current evidence-based clinical guideline of behavioral weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality in adults would improve primary care providers’ knowledge of adult obesity management. The …

The Role Of Health And Diet In The Development Of Metabolic Syndrome Stratified By Race, Sex, And Age, Michael D. Harada

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity is now recognized as a disease in need of treatment by the medical profession and is associated with other chronic diseases including hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin-resistance, and reduced levels of high density lipoproteins. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) occurs when a combination of at least three of these chronic conditions are comorbid with each other. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to find significant health and nutritional predictors of MetS status across race, sex, and age. The evolutionary mismatch hypothesis and health belief model provided the framework for this study. Data were collected from 2,303 participants from the 2015-2016 …