Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Bioimpedance-Derived Membrane Capacitance: Clinically Relevant Sources Of Variability, Precision, And Reliability, Valene Garr Barry, Jasmine L Chiang, Kaylan G Bowman, Kristina D Johnson, Barbara A Gower

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Membrane capacitance (C

Impacts Of Telemonitoring On Weight Obesity In African Americans, Miranda Bessem Mbutambe

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Obesity has become a complex public health issue among African Americans over the last few decades, due to the health risks it poses to this population. Obesity exposes African Americans to a variety of chronic diseases, including, but not limited to, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Owing to the complexity inherent in obesity, healthcare practitioners have developed various strategies and interventions to manage weight among vulnerable populations. In this regard, telemonitoring, a continuous or non-continuous process that allows medical practitioners to remotely monitor, collect, and interpret data necessary for medical follow-up and, if necessary, make medical decisions regarding the health state …

Implementation Of Provider Education Regarding Exercise As Adjunctive Treatment For Common Mental Health Diagnoses, Lauren Grace Martin

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Mental and physical health are inextricably linked. The advent of the Covid-19 pandemic reduced physical activity levels while worsening mental health symptoms. Pharmacological treatments are frequently used to treat mental health conditions; however, side effects can worsen metabolic issues. There is significant evidence that exercise can improve mental health conditions. The purpose of this project was to utilize provider education as an intervention to increase the use of exercise as an adjunctive treatment in the psychiatric treatment plan. This project was implemented at Nevada Mental Health, an outpatient behavioral health clinic in Las Vegas, Nevada. The investigator conducted a chart …

Expression And Localization Of Nrf2/Keap1 Signalling Pathway Genes In Mouse Preimplantation Embryos Exposed To Free Fatty Acids., Grace Dionne, Michele D. Calder, Dean H Betts, Basim Abu Rafea, Andrew J Watson

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

Obese women experience greater incidence of infertility, with reproductive tracts exposing preimplantation embryos to elevated free fatty acids (FFA) such as palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA). PA treatment impairs mouse preimplantation development in vitro, while OA co-treatment rescues blastocyst development of PA treated embryos. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PA and OA treatment on NRF2/Keap1 localization, and relative antioxidant enzyme (Glutathione peroxidase; Gpx1, Catalase; Cat, Superoxide dismutase; Sod1 and γ-Glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic unit; Gclc) mRNA levels, during in vitro mouse preimplantation embryo development. Female mice were superovulated, mated, and embryos cultured in the presence …

Acute Effects Of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation On Blood Glucose And Energy Metabolism In Overweight/Obese Population, Ali Mossayebi

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Background: In the perspective of preventing cardiovascular disease and promoting health, weight control and physical activity are the main concerns. Electrical stimulation (ES) is an alternate strategy to induce muscle contraction, using electrical impulses. However, effectiveness of ES induced muscle contraction to improve energy expenditure and glucose metabolism is not well examined.Purpose: To determine the acute effect of ES on whole body energy expenditure and body glucose metabolism in sedentary overweight or obese population Methods: Sedentary overweight/obese participants (n=8; age: 37.25 ± 6.09 years; BMI= 37.57 ± 2.43 kg/m2) were included in this study. All participants received bilateral quadriceps ES …

Childhood And Adolescent Obesity: Related Comorbidities And Interventions, Jasmine Wong

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background

The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity in the United States has steadily risen over the years and has become a public health concern. Obesity is defined as a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for children and teens of the same age and sex. Obese children and adolescents are at risk for poor health and poor quality of life. Furthermore, there are numerous comorbidities associated with childhood and adolescent obesity. While some of the associated diseases are acute, others can become chronic and result in lifelong conditions.

Objective

The purpose of the present thesis is to explore …

The Emerging Epidemic Of Type 2 Diabetes And Obesity Amongst Young Children, Juliana Morales

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background:

In the past years childhood obesity has increased tremendously and currently ⅓ of children in the United States are obese today. Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes are illnesses that can later on lead to more severe health complications when as a child enters adulthood. Children who are obese have a greater risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, and currently more than 80% of children who already are diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes are obese. In school and often by health care providers we are told daily physical activity and healthy diet are the best ways to maintain optimal health, …

A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial Of Automated Internet Weight-Loss Programs In Primary Care: Role Of Automated Provider Feedback., Deborah F Tate, Jennifer L Kraschnewski, Caitlin Martinez, Molly Diamond, Susan Veldheer, Kevin O Hwang, Erik B Lehman, Chengwu Yang, Christopher N Sciamanna

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: Despite the high prevalence of obesity and associated health risks in the United States adult population, few primary care providers (PCPs) have time and training to provide weight-management counseling to their patients. This study aims to compare the effect of referral to a comprehensive automated digital weight-loss program, with or without provider email feedback, with usual care on weight loss in patients with overweight or obesity.

METHODS: A total of 550 adults (mean [SD], 51.4 [11.2] years, BMI = 35.1 [5.5] kg/m

RESULTS: Weight changes (mean [SE]) at 12 months were -0.92 (0.46), -3.68 (0.46), and -3.58 (0.48) kg …

Effects Of Home-Based High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Continuous Walking On Cognition In Overweight And Obese Women, Kelsey C. Bourbeau

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether six weeks of home-based high-intensity interval training versus six weeks of moderate-intensity walking improves cognition, depression, and anxiety in women that are overweight or obese. Design: A randomized control trial design. Subjects: Twelve sedentary women characterized as overweight or obese were randomized into either a six-week home-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT, n = 6, 26.6 ± 8.9 years, 37.4 ± 4.9% body fat) group or a six-week moderate-intensity walking (Walk, n = 6, 22.5 ± 3.7 years, 40.2 ± 4.1% body fat) group. Main Measures: Pre- and post-intervention, participants …

Mediterranean-Style Diet And Exercise Improve Parameters For Management And Prevention Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Stefani Ann Derrick

Master's Theses

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition recognized as the inability to maintain glucose homeostasis, typically presenting with insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. With the prevalence of T2DM and major risk factors such as prediabetes and obesity increasing each year, there is a crucial need to identify strategies for the management and prevention of this condition. Addressing lifestyle-related risk factors through consumption of a well-balanced, nutritious diet and maintaining regular moderate- to high-intensity physical activity may provide a strategy for improving glycemic control, improving metrics of body composition, and decreasing the inflammatory response associated with metabolic dysregulation. Twenty-two …

The Relationship Between Anti-Müllerian Hormone, Body Mass Index And Weight Loss: A Review Of The Literature, Jacqueline Kloos, Rachel Weinerman

Student Scholarship

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is commonly used as a proxy for ovarian reserve due to its secretion by antral follicles. It is considered a metric for prediction of ovarian response to certain assisted reproduction therapies. As obesity has a negative impact on fertility, it is important to establish whether obesity-induced hormonal changes influence AMH levels, if and how weight loss affects AMH, and if that influence represents altered reproductive function. The aim of this study was to review the existing literature on the effects of body mass index and weight loss on AMH levels. A PubMed literature keyword search with relevant …

Weekly Telehealth Weigh-In For Bmi Reduction, Kelly Ahmad

Student Scholarly Projects

Practice Problem: The citizens of the United States are known for being overweight or obese. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2021) reported that approximately 74% of adults are either overweight or obese. PICOT: The PICOT question that guided this project was In overweight adults (P), does telemonitoring weekly for counseling and weigh-in (I) compared to current practice (C) decrease BMI over an 8-week period of time (T)? Evidence: The citizens of the United States are known for being overweight or obese. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2021) reported that approximately 74% of …

The Relationship Between Catecholamines And Lactate Concentration In Response To Exercise In Adolescents With Obesity, Vincent Vuong, Daniela Rubin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Epinephrine is a catabolic hormone that increases metabolism through glycolysis and glycogenolysis. During exercise, accelerated glycogen and glucose breakdown is associated with increased lactate production. Previous studies show obesity (OB) decreases the epinephrine response during exercise potentially affecting glucose metabolism and lactate production. PURPOSE: To compare the epinephrine and lactate responses in adolescents with OB and adolescents with normal weight (NW) and to determine if changes in epinephrine and lactate concentrations are associated. METHODS: 12 adolescents with OB (9.2 ± 1.2 y, 39.9 ± 6.8% body fat) and 12 adolescents with NW (17.5 ± 4.6% body fat) completed …

Distinguishing Increased Adiposity And/Or Aerobic Deconditioning As Moderators Of Low Vo2peak In Obese Men, Jeff M. Moore, Carrie Ferguson, Molly M. Baldwin, Ronald S. Swerdloff, Christina Wang, Wei Yan, Harry B. Rossiter Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O_2peak) in a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is a strong predictor of morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. V̇O_2peak in obese individuals is typically below the lower limit of normal (2 transport and utilization, i.e. aerobic deconditioning; or both. We hypothesized a modified CPET, to measure the fraction of maximum isokinetic power that can be supported by aerobic metabolism, will distinguish between adiposity and deconditioning effects on V̇O_2peak. PURPOSE: To compare V̇O_2peak and isokinetic neuromuscular performance in obese vs non-obese men. METHODS: A modified CPET with maximal (3 s) isokinetic cycling …

The Relationship Between Postural Control And Motor Proficiency In Children With Prader-Willi Syndrome And With Obesity, Alberto Garcia, Debra J. Rose, Daniela A. Rubin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental genetic disorder that can lead to obesity. Children with PWS exhibit poor motor skills and poor postural control. Postural control is defined as the ability to regulate sensory information to maintain a controlled, upright posture. Underdeveloped vestibular and proprioceptive systems, shown in PWS, may interfere with maintaining posture and performing fundamental skills that require effective sensorimotor integration. Obesity (OB) can also be negative to postural control and motor skill development. PURPOSE: This study determined the relationship between postural control and motor proficiency in children with PWS and those with OB but without …

Exercise And Esr1 Control Mitochondrial Content And Function To Regulate Adiposity, Alice M. Ma, Nicole Lee Yang, Alexander R. Strumwasser, Zhenqi Zhou, Andrea L. Hevener

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Mechanisms that underlie adipose tissue remodeling to enhance metabolic health in response to exercise training remain inadequately understood. PURPOSE: We utilized mouse genetics and human GWAS to determine the impact of exercise training on mitochondrial DNA copy number, and interrogate the relationship between Esr1 and adipose tissue health. METHODS: We performed RNAseq on adipose tissue from 100 strains of inbred mice following exercise training and determined mitochondrial content by qPCR. We performed deep phenotyping of mice harboring conditional Esr1 overexpression selectively in adipose tissue. Adipose specific Esr1 overexpression and control mice were fed a high fat diet and …

Snack Intake Among College Students With Overweight/Obesity And Its Association With Gender, Income, Stress, And Availability Of Snacks During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Mohammed Baghdadi, Lukkamol Prapkree, Rianna Uddin, Jafar Ali Ajaj Jaafar, Niliarys Sifre, Gabriel Corea, Jordan Faith, Jacqueline Hernandez, Cristina Palacios

American Journal of Non-Communicable Diseases

Abstract: Objective. To assess the determinants of snack intake among college students with overweight/obesity during COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that younger and male students, those from minority background, those experiencing higher stress levels, and those with higher accessibility/availability of unhealthy snacks would snack more frequently or consume more unhealthy snack choices. Methods. This was a secondary analysis of the baseline data obtained from the Snackability trial, a trial testing the efficacy of a smartphone application for improving the quality of snack intake in US college students with overweight/obesity. Participants completed a survey on socio-demographics, stress levels, and snack patterns …

Bifidobacterial Carbohydrate/Nucleoside Metabolism Enhances Oxidative Phosphorylation In White Adipose Tissue To Protect Against Diet-Induced Obesity., Gihyeon Kim, Youngmin Yoon, Jin Ho Park, Jae Won Park, Myung-Guin Noh, Hyun Kim, Changho Park, Hyuktae Kwon, Jeong-Hyeon Park, Yena Kim, Jinyoung Sohn, Shinyoung Park, Hyeonhui Kim, Sun-Kyoung Im, Yeongmin Kim, Ha Yung Chung, Myung Hee Nam, Jee Young Kwon, Il Yong Kim, Yong Jae Kim, Ji Hyeon Baek, Hak Su Kim, George M Weinstock, Belong Cho, Charles Lee, Sungsoon Fang, Hansoo Park, Je Kyung Seong

Faculty Research 2022

BACKGROUND: Comparisons of the gut microbiome of lean and obese humans have revealed that obesity is associated with the gut microbiome plus changes in numerous environmental factors, including high-fat diet (HFD). Here, we report that two species of Bifidobacterium are crucial to controlling metabolic parameters in the Korean population.

RESULTS: Based on gut microbial analysis from 99 Korean individuals, we observed the abundance of Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium bifidum was markedly reduced in individuals with increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT), body mass index (BMI), blood triglyceride (TG), and fatty liver. Bacterial transcriptomic analysis revealed that carbohydrate/nucleoside metabolic processes of Bifidobacterium …

The Enigma Of Primary Hypertension In Childhood, Bonita Falkner

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Beginning in the 1970s, hypertension in children and adolescents has been defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure (BP) that is equal to or greater than the 95th percentile of the normal BP distribution in healthy children. The definition of hypertension in adults is based on longitudinal data that links a BP level with an increased risk for subsequent adverse outcomes related to hypertension including heart failure, kidney failure, stroke, or death. The statistical definition of hypertension continues to be used in childhood because there have been no data that link a BP level in childhood with a heightened risk …

Oral Health, Dentistry, Periodontology, Interrelation Between Periodontal Disease And Systemic Diseases, Diet And Periodontal Disease, Vijayendra Pandey Dr.

Health collection

There is increasing evidence that Periodontitis is related to a number of systemic diseases and it may be a risk factor for several chronic inflammatory diseases including cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease , angina and myocardial infarction, adverse pregnancy outcomes, respiratory diseases and diabetes mellitus.

Resistin an adipokine found in adipose tissue and also released by inflammatory cells is associated with the upregulation of inflammatory process. Chronic low grade inflammation is emerging as a conceivable etiologic mechanism linking periodontitis and obesity.

Objectives-

To assess whether obese individuals are at increased risk of severe periodontitis by comparing periodontal clinical parameters (GI, PI, …

Active Vs Traditional Methods Of Recruiting Children For A Clinical Trial In Rural Primary Care Clinics: A Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial, Paul M Darden, Ann M Davis, Jeannette Y Lee, Milan Bimali, Alan E Simon, Andrew M Atz, Crystal S Lim, Thao-Ly Phan, James R Roberts, Russell J Mcculloh, Lee Pyles, Michelle Shaffer, Jessica N Snowden

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Importance: To our knowledge, there are no published randomized clinical trials of recruitment strategies. Rigorously evaluated successful recruitment strategies for children are needed.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of 2 recruitment methods for enrolling rural children through primary care clinics to assess whether either or both methods are sufficiently effective for enrolling participants into a clinical trial of a behavioral telehealth intervention for children with overweight or obesity.

Design, setting, and participants: This cluster-randomized clinical trial of 2 recruitment methods was conducted at 4 primary care clinics in 4 separate states. Each clinic used both recruitment methods in random order. …

Peroxisomal Regulation Of Energy Homeostasis: Effect On Obesity And Related Metabolic Disorders, Brian Kleiboeker, Irfan J Lodhi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Peroxisomes are single membrane-bound organelles named for their role in hydrogen peroxide production and catabolism. However, their cellular functions extend well beyond reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and include fatty acid oxidation of unique substrates that cannot be catabolized in mitochondria, and synthesis of ether lipids and bile acids. Metabolic functions of peroxisomes involve crosstalk with other organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets and lysosomes. Emerging studies suggest that peroxisomes are important regulators of energy homeostasis and that disruption of peroxisomal functions influences the risk for obesity and the associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and hepatic …

The Association Of Peptide Hormones With Glycemia, Dyslipidemia, And Obesity In Lebanese Individuals, Murielle Abou-Samra, Koen Venema, Carole Ayoub Moubareck, Mirey Karavetian

All Works

Peptide-hormones, including pancreatic peptide-YY(PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin (CCK), insulin, and leptin function as satiety signals, while ghrelin promotes hunger. These hormones are also involved in glucose homeostasis and body-weight regulation. The aim of this cross-sectional analysis was to examine the association of these peptide-hormones with obesity-markers, insulin-resistance, and dyslipidemia (total-cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG)). Sixteen-obese (OB) adults and 21 normal-weight (NW) age-and gender-matched counterparts were recruited. OB-participants showed significantly higher levels of leptin, insulin, Homeostatic-Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and TG. NW participants had significantly higher levels of ghrelin. GLP-1 was positively correlated with insulin, …

Maternal Obesity And Gut Microbiota Are Associated With Fetal Brain Development, Sanjay Basak, Ranjit K. Das, Antara Banerjee, Sujay Paul, Surajit Pathak, Asim K. Duttaroy

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Obesity in pregnancy induces metabolic syndrome, low-grade inflammation, altered endocrine factors, placental function, and the maternal gut microbiome. All these factors impact fetal growth and development, including brain development. The lipid metabolic transporters of the maternal-fetal-placental unit are dysregulated in obesity. Consequently, the transport of essential long-chain PUFAs for fetal brain development is disturbed. The mother's gut microbiota is vital in maintaining postnatal energy homeostasis and maternal-fetal immune competence. Obesity during pregnancy changes the gut microbiota, affecting fetal brain development. Obesity in pregnancy can induce placental and intrauterine inflammation and thus influence the neurodevelopmental outcomes of the offspring. Several epidemiological …

The Impact Of Obesity And Adipokines On Breast And Gynecologic Malignancies, Surabhi Tewari, Roberto Vargas, Ofer Reizes

Faculty Scholarship

The link between obesity and multiple disease comorbidities is well established. In 2003, Calle and colleagues presented the relationship between obesity and several cancer types, including breast, ovarian, and endometrial malignancies. Nearly, 20% of cancer-related deaths in females can be accounted for by obesity. Identifying obesity as a risk factor for cancer led to a focus on the role of fat-secreted cytokines, known as adipokines, on carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Early studies indicated that the adipokine leptin increases cell proliferation, invasion, and inhibition of apoptosis in multiple cancer types. As a greater appreciation of the obesity–cancer link has amassed, we …

Early Effects Of Improved Mood On Propensity For Emotional Eating During The Physical Activity-Only Phase Of A Community-Based Behavioral Treatment For Obesity In Women With High Mood Disturbance, James J. Annesi, Amelia A. Eberly

Health Behavior Research

Weight loss beyond the short term is problematic for individuals with obesity. Especially for women, emotional eating is one of the greatest barriers and might require attention early in a behavioral weight-loss program. Physical activity-associated mood improvement may be associated with reduced emotional eating. Women with obesity volunteered for a community-based weight-management treatment. Effects associated with the initial 10 weeks, which focused on behavioral support of physical activity (prior to addressing eating behavior change), were assessed. Groups were designated based on whether participants’ high total mood disturbance (TMD) scores reduced to a normal level (n = 45) or remained …

Increased Access To Physical Activity For School-Aged Children In Community Settings, Kathleen Cobb, Alexandra Peary, Ashley Ricker, Leah Wilcox

Non-Thesis Student Work

Childhood obesity has reached unprecedented levels in the United States, which often continues into adulthood. Physical activity (PA) has shown to be an effective strategy in combating obesity in children by improving cardiovascular health and decreasing metabolic disease in adulthood. This literature review explored the effect of increased access to PA opportunities in community settings on the amount of time children ages 5-18 spent being physically active. Search of the literature included Google Scholar and CINAHL databases using the following terms: “child*,” “obesity,” “physical activity OR exercise,” “built environment,” and “school.” Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed articles published from 2017-2022 with …

Lipoprotein Profiles Of Fat Distribution And Its Association With Insulin Sensitivity, Dongmei Wei, Vannina González Marrachelli, Jesus D. Melgarejo, Chia-Te Liao, Stefan Janssens, Peter Verhamme, Thomas Vanassche, Lucas Van Aelst, Daniel Monleon, Josep Redon, Zhen-Yu Zhang

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Background: Fat deposition is associated with adverse outcomes. Waist-to-hip (WHR) ratio is a simple feasible index to assess fat distribution. Lipoprotein particle composition in relation to WHR and to what extent their association is mediated by insulin sensitivity are less investigated.

Methods: In 504 randomly recruited Flemish (mean age: 48.9 years; women: 51.6%), we analyzed the lipoprotein particle constitutions using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. WHR obesity described a WHR of ≥ 0.85 for women or 0.9 for men. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). SCORE-2 risk algorithm was applied to estimate 10-year cardiovascular risk. …

Prevalence Of Smoking (Cigarette And Waterpipe) And Its Association With Obesity/Overweight In Uae And Palestine, Haleama Al Sabbah, Enas A. Assaf, Elias Dabeet

All Works

This study aimed to assess the prevalence rate of smoking behavior (cigarette and waterpipe) and its association with obesity/ overweight among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Palestine. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a convenient sample of 10 largest universities in the West Bank- Palestine and Dubai- UAE. In total, 3800 students were randomly selected from the universities, with an 87.6% response rate. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The key measures were: waterpipe smoking, weight, height, cigarette smoking, dieting to reduce weight, and perception and knowledge related to tobacco waterpipe smoking (TWP). …

Conference Proceedings: Select Abstracts Presented At Advocate Aurora Scientific Day 2022

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The abstracts published in this supplement were presented at the 48th annual Advocate Aurora Scientific Day on May 25, 2022. This scholarly symposium provides a closed forum for sharing preliminary results from research studies conducted by faculty physicians and nurses, fellows, residents, scientists, and other health professionals associated with U.S. Midwest-based health system Advocate Aurora Health, publisher of the Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews.