Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Comparison Of Anthropometric Measurements Of Abdominal Obesity As Predictors Of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Nhanes 2011-2014, Carli Kettel

All Master's Theses

Background It has been well established that screening tools for cardiometabolic diseases are less useful among obese populations as risk of these diseases is already high. However, research is lacking in regard to efficient screening tools for cardiometabolic diseases among normal weight and overweight populations. Objective This study compared the predictive strengths of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), and SAD-to-height ratio (SADHtR) with respect to risk of cardiometabolic disorders in normal and overweight U.S. populations. Design This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants/setting …

Predictors Of Loss To Follow-Up Among Children With Type 2 Diabetes., Ashley Shoemaker, Peiyao Cheng, Robin L. Gal, Craig Kollman, William V. Tamborlane, Georgeanna J. Klingensmith, Mark A. Clements, Tamara S. Hannon, Rubina Heptulla, Joane Less, Jamie Wood, Pediatric Diabetes Consortium

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have poor compliance with medical care. This study aimed to determine which demographic and clinical factors differ between youth with T2D who receive care in a pediatric diabetes center versus youth lost to follow-up for >18 months.

METHODS: Data were analyzed from 496 subjects in the Pe-diatric Diabetes Consortium registry. Enrollment variables were selected a priori and analyzed with univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.

RESULTS: After a median of 1.3 years from enrollment, 55% of patients were lost to follow-up. The final model included age, race/ethnicity, parent education, and estimated distance to …

Associations Between Obesity And The Radiographic Phenotype In Knee Osteoarthritis, Mehmet Derya Demi̇rağ, Seçi̇l Özkan, Şemi̇nur Haznedaroğlu, Evi̇n Aras Kilinç, Fatma Nur Baran Aksakal, Sefer Aycan, Berna Goker

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Investigation of the association between obesity and the distinction of radiographic patterns in knee osteoarthritis. Materials and methods: Seven hundred and thirty-four women underwent weight-bearing antero-posterior knee radiography. Osteophytes and joint space narrowing (JSN) were graded according to the OARSI atlas. Each subject was assigned to one of the following groups with respect to the maximum score: osteophyte-dominant, indeterminate, JSN-dominant, and radiographically normal. Results: Obese patients had a significantly more frequent osteophyte-dominant pattern compared to nonobese subjects (74.5% and 38%, respectively, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that obesity had a stronger association with an osteophytedominant pattern compared to a JSN-dominant pattern (OR and 95% CI = 7.16 (3.15-16.26) and 1.63 (0.96-2.78), respectively). Age had a very weak effect on the distinction to an osteophyte-dominant pattern and no effect on JSN dominance (OR and 95% CI = 1.1 (1.06-1.15) and 1.02 (0.99-1.05), respectively). Conclusion: There might be an association between obesity and the radiographic phenotype in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The findings suggest that the association between obesity and the osteophyte formation is stronger than that of JSN.

Associations Of Food Environment, Mediterranean Diet And Obesity In United States: A Geographic Information System (Gis) Analysis, Meifang Chen

All ETDs from UAB

Given the growing obesity epidemic in the U.S., modifying current obesogenic food environment, and identifying and promoting an obesity-modifying dietary approach that fits in the food environment context are urgent. Emerging evidence indicates that Mediterranean diet (MD) could be a beneficial dietary pattern to protect against overweight/obesity. However, as a relatively new dietary pattern in the U.S., how the unique food environment influences MD adherence, and whether consuming a MD can mediate the relationship between food environment and obesity among the population remain unknown. This dissertation, applying Geographic Information System (GIS) and path analytical methods using data from the REasons …

The Dietary Context Of Nut Intake Among Overweight And Obese African-American Women Living In The Rural South: An Exploratory Study, Samara Sterling

All ETDs from UAB

Obesity has become a national epidemic over the last few decades, and lays its heaviest burden on certain populations (eg, rural residents, African-Americans, and African-American women in the Southeast). Obesity increases medical costs substantially, and is a significant risk factor for various chronic conditions, including certain cancers. There is a need to identify specific dietary behaviors that may contribute to obesity and obesity-related cancers among African-American women in the rural South, and to recommend dietary modifications that may alleviate those risks. Previous research has shown that nuts offer numerous health benefits, including weight loss and cancer protection. More research is …

Multiethnic Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis Of Ectopic Fat Depots Identifies Loci Associated With Adipocyte Development And Differentiation, Audrey Y. Chu, Xuan Deng, Virginia A. Fisher, Alexander Drong, Yang Zhang, Mary F. Feitosa, Ching-Ti Liu, Olivia Weeks, Audrey C. Choh, Qing Duan, Thomas D. Dyer

School of Medicine Publications

Variation in body fat distribution contributes to the metabolic sequelae of obesity. The genetic determinants of body fat distribution are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to gain new insights into the underlying genetics of body fat distribution by conducting sample-size weighted fixed-effects genome-wide association meta-analyses in up to 9,594 women and 8,738 men for six ectopic fat traits in European, African, Hispanic, and Chinese ancestry populations, with and without sex stratification. In total, 7 new loci were identified in association with ectopic fat traits (ATXN1, UBE2E2, EBF1, RREB1, GSDMB, GRAMD3 and ENSA; PATXN1 and UBE2E2 …

Sarcopenia: Prevalence, And Impact On Operative And Oncologic Outcomes In The Multimodal Management Of Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer, Jessie Elliott, Suzanne Doyle, Conor Murphy, Sinead King, Emer Guinan, Peter Beddy, Narayanasamy Ravi, John Reynolds

Articles

Objective: The aim of this article was to study the prevalence and significance of sarcopenia in the multimodal management of locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC), and to assess its independent impact on operative and oncologic outcomes.

Summary of background data: Sarcopenia in cancer may confer negative outcomes, but its prevalence and impact on modern multimodal regimens for LAEC have not been systematically studied.

Methods: Two hundred fifty-two consecutive patients were studied. Lean body mass (LBM), skeletal muscle index (SMI), and fat mass (FM) were determined pre-treatment, preoperatively, and 1 year postoperatively. Sarcopenia was defined by computed tomography (CT) at L3 …

Perceived Barriers To Lifestyle Change In Obese, Low-Income Hispanic Women, Mariana Daniela Torchia

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Low-income Hispanic women are the fastest growing minority population in the United States, and they have increased risks of obesity and secondary health issues, such as diabetes, related to their obesity. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the barriers to lifestyle change among obese, low-income Hispanic women (OLHW). A health belief model lens was used. The study sample consisted of 15 OLHW who were clinic patients and ranged in age from 20-59. Recruitment occurred in a low-income, Southern California, outpatient clinic setting through volunteer participation from recruitment flyers. Fifteen women took part in 1-hour, in-depth interviews, which …

Assessing Plant-Based Food Lifestyle To Reduce Obesity Risk, Erna Siregar

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite an increasing number of healthy lifestyles throughout the country, Americans, including Native Hawaiians, keep gaining weight. Unlike several American lifestyles that have resulted in weight gain within the American population, the vegetarian lifestyle is a scientifically proven method for decreasing body weight and maintaining the weight loss for more than 1 year. This study aimed to compare the lifestyle patterns of 4 vegetarian lifestyles and 1 nonvegetarian lifestyle among Native Hawaiians aged 21 and older using their body mass index (BMI). This quantitative study utilized a correlational design, which is particularly suitable for examining the relationship of BMI to …

Parental Self-Efficacy, Feeding Practices And Styles, And Obesity In Mexican American Children, Maria Carmen Goodwin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Childhood obesity rates among Mexican Americans have risen along with the concerns of public health professionals. The purpose of this cross-sectional study, based on social cognitive theory, was to investigate the relationships among parental self-efficacy, parental feeding practices and styles, and childhood obesity, as measured by the parental perception of child weight, among Mexican Americans in Texas. Mothers and fathers (n=83; 33 males, 64 females), with at least 1 child between 8 and10 years, formed the sample. Relationships were assessed using the Tool to Measure Parenting Self-Efficacy questionnaire, the Parental Feeding Practices Questionnaire for Mexican American parents, the Parenting Dimensions …

Reducing Acute Cardiovascular Hospitalizations With A Weight Management Program (Reach), Laura A. Graham

All ETDs from UAB

Reducing cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors such as obesity through lifestyle and behavioral interventions like weight management programs should result in better cardiovascular health. However, there is conflicting evidence on the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing long-term CVD outcomes such as acute myocardial infarction or stroke. This reflects an important gap in our understanding about factors affecting recruitment and engagement in these programs and how these factors relate to improvement in long-term cardiovascular health. To address this gap, we will use a retrospective study with up to 11 years of follow up data from the nation’s largest health care system-associated …

Obesity And Obesity Shape Markedly Influence Spine Biomechanics: A Subject-Specific Risk Assessment Model, Farshid Ghezelbash, Aboulfazl Shirazi-Adl, André Plamondon, Navid Arjmand, Mohammad Parnianpour

Études primaires

Underlying mechanisms of obesity-related back pain remain unexplored. Thus, we aim to determine the effect of obesity and its shapes on the spinal loads and the associated risks of injury. Obesity shapes were initially constructed by principal component analysis based on datasets on 5852 obese individuals. Spinal loads, cycles to vertebral failure and trunk stability margin were estimated in a subject-specific trunk model taking account of personalized musculature, passive ligamentous spine, obesity shapes, segmental weights, spine kinematics and bone mineral density. Three obesity shapes (mean and extreme abdominal circumferences) at three body weights (BWs) of 86, 98 and 109 kg …

A Potential Tool For Clinicians; Evaluating A Computer-Led Dietary Assessment Method In Overweight And Obese Women During Weight Loss, Adrianne Widaman, Nancy Keim, Dustin Burnett, Beverly Miller, Megan Witbracht, Keith Widaman, Kevin Laugero

Faculty Publications

Many Americans are attempting to lose weight with the help of healthcare professionals. Clinicians can improve weight loss results by using technology. Accurate dietary assessment is crucial to effective weight loss. The aim of this study was to validate a computer-led dietary assessment method in overweight/obese women. Known dietary intake was compared to Automated Self-Administered 24-h recall (ASA24) reported intake in women (n = 45), 19–50 years, with body mass index of 27–39.9 kg/m2. Participants received nutrition education and reduced body weight by 4%–10%. Participants completed one unannounced dietary recall and their responses were compared to actual intake. Accuracy of …

Obese Children With Metabolic Syndrome Have 3 Times Higher Risk To Have Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Compared With Those Without Metabolic Syndrome, Dimitrios Papandreou, Mirey Karavetian, Zacharoula Karabouta, Eleni Andreou

All Works

Copyright © 2017 Dimitrios Papandreou et al. Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese children. One hundred and twenty-five subjects aged 11-12 years old participated in the study. Methods: Anthropometric and biochemical indices were measured, including lipid and liver profile, blood glucose, serum insulin, and liver ultrasound. Results: Forty-four children (58.6%) were found to have MS. Insulin resistance was present in 78 (62.4%) children. Patients with MS were more likely to have NAFLD (P <; 0.001). Children with NAFLD had significantly higher body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting insulin, and lower high-density lipoprotein compared to patients with normal livers (P < 0.001). Insulin resistance was significantly higher in children with NAFLD (P <; 0.001). Obese children presenting with MS were 3.01 (2.87-3.57, P < 0.002) times more likely to develop NAFLD compared to those without metabolic syndrome after adjustment of cofounders. Conclusions: Obese children with MS have a higher risk of developing NAFLD. Weight management and early prevention should be the first line of treatment to prevent any possible health issues later on.

Association Of Waist Circumference With Outcomes In An Acute General Surgical Unit, T Ryan, P Gosal, A Seal, J Mcgirr, N Williams

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Obesity prevalence is increasing in Australia, particularly in non-metropolitan areas. The effect of obesity on acute surgical outcomes is not known. We aimed to record waist circumference (WC) (surrogate for obesity) amongst acute surgical unit (ASU) patients in a New South Wales regional hospital, and compare outcome measures (length of stay (LOS), unplanned return to theatre, readmission rates, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 4 months of consecutive ASU admissions, excluding age

Results: Of 695 admissions, 512 met the inclusion criteria (47.1% female, average age 52.8 years (SD 22.3)), with 85.1% (P < 0.001) of females and 69.4% (P =0.166)ofmales having an increased- or high-risk WC. This compares to rates amongst inner regional populations of 71.0% (female) and 66.4% (male). LOS was longer for high-risk patients (5.0 days versus 3.7 days, P = 0.002). However, the mean age of high-risk patients was greater (56.6 years versus 46.9 years, P = 0.001) and LOS was longer for those aged ≥60 (P < 0.001). After controlling for age, high-risk WC was not associated with any outcome measure, except amongst ICU admissions, where high-risk patients stayed longer (15.5 days versus 6.8 days, P <0.001).

Conclusion: …

Do Images Of A Personalised Future Body Shape Help With Weight Loss? A Randomised Controlled Study, Gemma Ossolinski, Moyez Jiwa, Alexandra Mcmanus, Richard Parsons

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: This randomised controlled study evaluated a computer-generated future self-image as a personalised, visual motivational tool for weight loss in adults.

Methods: One hundred and forty-five people (age 18–79 years) with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of at least 25 kg/m2 were randomised to receive a hard copy future self-image at recruitment (early image) or after 8 weeks (delayed image). Participants received general healthy lifestyle information at recruitment and were weighed at 4-weekly intervals for 24 weeks. The image was created using an iPad app called ‘Future Me’. A second randomisation at 16 weeks allocated either an additional future self-image …

Cancer Incidence In Ireland—The Possible Role Of Diet, Nutrition And Lifestyle, Daniel Mccartney, Declan Byrne, Marie Cantwell, Michael Turner

Articles

Aim This observational ecological study aims to compare Ireland’s age-specific cancer incidence rates (ASRs) with equivalent European and global data and to highlight possible dietary, nutritional and lifestyle contributors to cancer in Ireland.

Subjects and methods Using the International Agency for Research on Cancer’s (IARC) GLOBOCAN database, Irish ASRs for all-site cancer and for "lifestyle-related" cancers such as those of the colo-rectum, oesophagus, breast, lung and prostate were compared with European and global incidence data. Irish dietary and nutrient intake data were reviewed and evaluated in the context of these cancer incidence data and in relation to the established dietary, …

Contributors To Processing Speed Deficit In Old Age: A Focus On History Of Obesity And Medical Conditions, Melissa E. Pulcini

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Obesity has been associated with impairment in most cognitive domains, but the nature of this relationship is unclear. Most studies have examined the relationship between cognitive impairment and current obesity and/or history of obesity-related medical conditions. However, a number of “lower-level” obesity factors (e.g., increased adipokines, low grade inflammation, chronic mild hypoventilation) are present even among the otherwise healthy obese population, and it is possible that many of these factors have differential impact on cognition according to magnitude and duration of exposure. Knowledge of a person’s weight history, which may serve as a proxy for a number of lower-level obesity …

The Determinants Of Health: Neighborhood Characteristics, Obesity And The Mental Health Of African-American Adolescent Girls, Roseanne L. Flores

Publications and Research

The present study examined the relationship among neighborhood characteristics, obesity, and the mental health outcomes of a nationally representative sample of African-American adolescent girls between the ages of 12 - 17. Using data from the 2011/2012 National Survey of Children’s Health, four questions were extracted to measure neighborhood amenities, neighborhood detractors, body mass index, and experience of depression. Ordinal regressions were calculated to estimate the relationships between all variables. The results indicated that over 25% of African- American girls, ages 12 - 14 were overweight and obese with fewer 15 - 17-year-old girls falling within these categories. African-American girls had …

A Paradigm Shift In The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Practice Change In Primary Care, Patricia L. Sullivan

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Project

An Abstract of the Scholarly Project by

Patricia Lynn Sullivan

The purpose of this Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Project was to determine whether participants’ knowledge of the updated guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of the obese patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is increased following a continuing education presentation. The increase in the knowledge of PCOS guidelines for an obese patient is documented using a pretest/ posttest method following the continuing education program which utilizes a PowerPoint presentation. PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in women. This DNP capstone project was designed to provide a literature …

Role Of A Plausible Nuisance Contributor In The Declining Obesity-Mortality Risks Over Time., Tapan Mehta, Nicholas M. Pajewski, Scott W. Keith, Kevin Fontaine, David B. Allison

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

CONTEXT: Recent analyses of epidemiological data including the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) have suggested that the harmful effects of obesity may have decreased over calendar time. The shifting BMI distribution over time coupled with the application of fixed broad BMI categories in these analyses could be a plausible "nuisance contributor" to this observed change in the obesity-associated mortality over calendar time.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the extent to which observed temporal changes in the obesity-mortality association may be due to a shifting population distribution for body mass index (BMI), coupled with analyses based on static, broad BMI categories. …

Examining The Associations Between Depressive Symptoms, Body Mass Index, And Physical Activity Self-Efficacy In African American Mother-Child Dyads, Y'Esha Vonyae Williams

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

In recent decades the prevalence of childhood and adult depression and obesity has increased worldwide. Multiple factors influence the onset of both depression and obesity. Individual manifestations of depressive symptomatology and health-related problems associated with obesity vary; however, genetics and environmental and psychological factors have been implicated as correlates. Consequently, both disorders can ultimately interfere with individuals’ activities of daily living and decrease their quality of life. African American women are known to have a higher prevalence of obesity and more severe depressive symptoms in comparison to Caucasian women. Likewise, African American children are more obese and experience many factors …

Autism Spectrum Disorder And The Child's Weight–Related Behaviors: A Parents' Perspective, Michele Polfuss, Norah L. Johnson, Susan A. Bonis, Fallon Apollon, Kathleen Sawin

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose

To explore parent perspectives of how the attributes of their child's autism spectrum disorder(ASD) impact nutrition, physical activity, screen time behaviors and risk for obesity. Secondarily, we examined the parent's perception of the healthcare providers (HCP) influence on these weight-related behaviors.

Design and method

We conducted and audio-recorded telephone interviews with parents of children with ASD (n = 8) using a structured question guide. Data were transcribed and thematic analysis was conducted. Issues surrounding weight-related behaviors and parental strategies used were reported.

Results

Two overarching themes with eight subthemes emerged: (1) Challenges related to features of ASD (subthemes included …

Prevalence Of And Risk Factors For Adolescent Obesity In Tennessee Using The 2010 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (Yrbs) Data: An Analysis Using Weighted Hierarchical Logistic Regression, Shimin Zheng, Nicole Holt, Jodi L. Southerland, Yan Cao, Trevor Taylor, Deborah L. Slawson, Mark Bloodworth

ETSU Faculty Works

Background: The rate of adolescent overweight and obesity has more than quadrupled over the past few decades, and has become a major public health problem [1]. In 2011, 55% of 12-19 year olds in the United States (U.S.) were overweight or obese [2]. Adolescence is a pivotal time in which many health risk behaviors such as tobacco, alcohol, and drug use are initiated. Such health risk behaviors have been significantly associated with overweight and obesity among adolescents.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between obesity and the health risk behaviors most commonly associated with premature …

Divergent Relationship Of Circulating Ctrp3 Levels Between Obesity And Gender: A Cross-Sectional Study, Roy Marshall Wagner, Kamesh Sivagnanam, W. Andrew Clark, Jonathan M. Peterson

ETSU Faculty Works

C1q TNF Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) is a novel adipose tissue derived secreted factor, or adipokine, which has been linked to a number of beneficial biological effects on metabolism, inflammation, and survival signaling in a variety of tissues. However, very little is known about CTRP3 in regards to human health. The purpose of this project was to examine circulating CTRP3 levels in a clinical population, patients with symptoms requiring heart catheterization in order to identify the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). It was hypothesized that serum CTRP3 levels would be decreased in the presence of CAD.

Methods

Body …

Assessing Feasibility And Readiness To Address Obesity Through Policy In American Indian Reservations, Valarie Blue Bird Jernigan, Gail Boe, Carolyn Noonan, Leslie Carroll, Dedra Buchwald

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

The Institute of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have identified policy and environmental strategies as critical to the prevention and control of obesity. However such strategies are rare in American Indian communities despite significant obesity-related disparities. Tribal policymaking processes differ by tribal nation and are often poorly understood by researchers and public health practitioners, hindering the dissemination, implementation, and successful scale-up of evidence-base obesity strategies in tribal communities. To address these gaps in knowledge we surveyed 138 diverse stakeholders in two American Indian reservations to assess the feasibility of and readiness to implement CDC-recommended obesity policy …

Retrospective Evaluation Of Dosing Body Weight For Unfractionated Heparin In Obese Patients, Jingyang Fan, Billee John, Emily Tesdal

SIUE Faculty Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity

Purpose: Using adjusted body weight (AdjBW) for heparin dosing in obese patients is a common but not validated clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether using AdjBW in obese patients would lead to quick achievement of therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and low bleeding risk with heparin therapy.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients that received heparin before and after implementation of a revised heparin protocol that utilized AdjBW for obese patients. The primary outcome was percentage of first aPTT values within the therapeutic range. Secondary outcomes included time to first therapeutic …

Omic Paradigms Enhance Interface Between Periodontitis Pathogenesis And Metabolic Disorder, Hong-Duck Kim, Kiran Naiyeam, Jae-Hyeon Cho, Diane E. Heck

NYMC Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Does Actual Overweight Or Perception Of Overweight Elevate Suicide Risk In Bullied Vs. Non-Bullied Students?, Ashley Kalle, Yunmi Chungs, Wonksuk Yoo

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: For individuals in Georgia aged 10-14 and 15-24, suicide is the third leading cause of death. Those who are overweight are often bullied by their peers, and being bullying can lead to higher risks of suicidality. There is, however, mixed evidence about the relationship between high weight and suicide. Weight perception may be a stronger predictor of suicide than actual weight. The aim of the present study was to examine, in a national sample of high school students, the interaction between weight and bullying on suicide outcomes.

Methods: A secondary data analysis was performed with data from the 2015 …

Design, Implementation And Evaluation Of A Game-Based Intervention Targeting Latino Children For Improving Obesity Outcomes, Ashish Amresh, Rahul Salla, Madhumita Sinha, Rebecca Birr

Publications

This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a hybrid clinic plus home based intervention targeting Latino children to improve obesity outcomes. The intervention applies motivational game based learning and behavior change theories during design. Latino American children are the main target group for this study as they have significantly high obesity rates due to socio-economic conditions and lack of awareness. There have been several interventions that have targeted game based strategies in the clinic to promote health outcomes and some have even targeted obesity problems, however to our knowledge this is the first effort that adds an inhome …