Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Comparing Entrustment Decision-Making Outcomes Of The Core Entrustable Professional Activities Pilot, 2019-2020, David R Brown, Jeremy J Moeller, Douglas Grbic, Dorothy A Andriole, William B Cutrer, Vivian T Obeso, Mark D Hormann, Jonathan M Amiel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Gaps in readiness for indirect supervision have been identified for essential responsibilities encountered early in residency, presenting risks to patient safety. Core Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for entering residency have been proposed as a framework to address these gaps and strengthen the transition from medical school to residency.

OBJECTIVE: To assess progress in developing an entrustment process in the Core EPAs framework.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this quality improvement study in the Core EPAs for Entering Residency Pilot, trained faculty made theoretical entrustment determinations and recorded the number of workplace-based assessments (WBAs) available for each determination in 2019 …

Remission And Relapse Of Dyslipidemia After Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Vs Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass In A Racially And Ethnically Diverse Population, Karen J Coleman, Anirban Basu, Lee J Barton, Heidi Fischer, David E Arterburn, Douglas Barthold, Anita Courcoulas, Cecelia L Crawford, Benjamin B Kim, Peter N Fedorka, Edward C Mun, Sameer B Murali, Kristi Reynolds, Robert E Zane, Sami Alskaf

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: The comparative effectiveness of the most common operations in the long-term management of dyslipidemia is not clear.

OBJECTIVE: To compare 4-year outcomes associated with vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) vs Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for remission and relapse of dyslipidemia.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective comparative effectiveness study was conducted from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2016, with follow-up until December 31, 2018. Participants included patients with dyslipidemia at the time of surgery who underwent VSG (4142 patients) or RYGB (2853 patients). Patients were part of a large integrated health care system in Southern California. Analysis was conducted …

Distinguishing Intrathyroid Parathyroid Adenoma From Colloid Nodules And Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas Using Multiphasic Multidetector Computed Tomography, J Matthew Debnam, T Linda Chi, Michael Kwon, Jia Sun, Dawid Schellingerhout, Brandon T Golant, Salmaan Ahmed, Nancy D Perrier, Thinh Vu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to determine whether multiphase multidetector computed tomography (4D-MDCT) can differentiate between intrathyroid parathyroid adenomas (ITPAs), colloid nodules, and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

METHODS: We studied 22 ITPAs, 22 colloid nodules, and 11 PTCs in 55 patients. Hounsfield unit (HU) values of the nodules were measured on 4D-MDCT in the precontrast, arterial, venous, and delayed phases. Raw HU values, phase with peak enhancement, and washout percentages between the phases were evaluated.

RESULTS: Regardless of size, all ITPAs (22/22) showed peak enhancement in the arterial phase, which was significantly greater than both colloid nodules (15/22) …

Ugrc 2021 Recommendations On Gme Transition: Pros And Cons, Opportunities And Limitations, John R Gimpel, Jennifer L Swails, Jessica L Bienstock, Grant L Lin, Michelle A Roett, Juhee K Patel, Daniel W Giang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The Coalition for Physician Accountability's Undergraduate Medical Education-Graduate Medical Education (UME-GME) Review Committee (UGRC): Recommendations for Comprehensive Improvement of the UME-GME Transition final report includes a total of 34 recommendations and outlines opportunities to transform the current processes of learner transition from a US-based MD- or DO-granting medical school or international medical education pathway into residency training in the United States. This review provides a reflection on the recommendations from the authors, all members of the UGRC, describing the pros and cons and the opportunities and limitations, in the hopes that they might inspire readers to dig deeper into the …

Informed Consent For Placebo-Controlled Trials: Do Ethics And Science Conflict?, Hope A Feldman, James A Feldman, Charles C Miller, Garrett Walsh, Jon E Tyson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The use of a placebo has been considered the best method for controlling bias in a prospective randomized clinical trial and provides the most rigorous test of treatment efficacy for evaluating a medical therapy. Placebos commonly produce clinically important effects particularly in studies where the primary outcomes are subjective. Yet the potential beneficial or harmful effects of placebos are often not addressed in designing a clinical trial, calculating the sample size, seeking consent, or interpreting clinical trial results. In this manuscript, we use an actual study to indicate three approaches that might be considered in seeking informed consent for placebo-controlled …

Biophysical And Biochemical Characterization Of The Receptor Binding Domain Of Sars-Cov-2 Variants, Ritika Khatri, Hilal Ahmad Parray, Gazala Siddiqui, Adarsh Kumar Chiranjivi, Sneha Raj, Rachel Kaul, Vikas Maithil, Sweety Samal, Shubbir Ahmed

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants are potential threat and posing new challenges for medical intervention due to high transmissibility and escaping neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses. Many of these variants have mutations in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that interacts with the host cell receptor. Rapid mutation in the RBD through natural selection to improve affinity for host receptor and antibody pressure from vaccinated or infected individual will greatly impact the presently adopted strategies for developing interventions. Understanding the nature of mutations and how they impact the biophysical, biochemical and immunological properties of the RBD will help …

Outcomes Of The Second Aqueous Shunt Implant Versus Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation Treatment Study: A Randomized Comparative Trial, Robert M Feldman, Alice Z Chuang, Steve L Mansberger, Angelo P Tanna, Lauren S Blieden, Nicholas P Bell, Ronald L Gross, Louis R Pasquale, David S Greenfield, Jeffrey M Liebmann, Robert N Weinreb

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PRCIS: Short-term overall success rates were high with either SGDD or CPC. However, SGDD was associated with more clinic visits and an increased risk of additional glaucoma surgery. Both treatments were reasonable options for eyes with inadequately controlled IOP after a single GDD.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the implantation of a second glaucoma drainage device (SGDD) and transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) in eyes with inadequately controlled intraocular pressure (IOP), despite the presence of a preexisting glaucoma drainage device.

METHODS: Patients with inadequately controlled IOP, despite the medical therapy and a preexisting glaucoma drainage device, were enrolled …

Nut Carcinoma Of The Submandibular Gland: A Case At This Uncommon Site With Review Of The Literature, Vanessa Moreno, Christopher A French, Tianhua Guo, Hui Zhu, Songling Zhang, Darryl Duncan, Ron J Karni, Angel I Blanco, Syed H Jafri, Karan Saluja

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma is a rare, highly aggressive, undifferentiated carcinoma that harbors a characteristic rearrangement of the NUTM1 gene. The majority arise in adolescents and young adults especially from the midline structures of the thorax, head, and neck. Until the present, there have only been three reported cases of NUT carcinoma of the submandibular gland, two of which were reported in children and another one in an adult from Korea. Here, we report the first case of NUT carcinoma arising in the submandibular gland of an adult female in the United States, representing the fourth case worldwide. …

Altered Bladder-Related Brain Network In Multiple Sclerosis Women With Voiding Dysfunction, Zhaoyue Shi, Christof Karmonik, Amelia Soltes, Khue Tran, John A Lincoln, Timothy Boone, Rose Khavari

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives:

A number of neuro-urology imaging studies have mainly focused on investigating the brain activations during micturition in healthy and neuropathic patients. It is, however, also necessary to study brain functional connectivity (FC) within bladder-related regions in order to understand the brain organization during the execution of bladder function. This study aims to identify the altered brain network associated with bladder function in multiple sclerosis (MS) women with voiding dysfunction through comparisons with healthy subjects via concurrent urodynamics (UDS)/fMRI.

Materials and Methods:

Ten healthy adult women and nine adult ambulatory women with clinically stable MS for ≥ 6 months and …

Predominantly Persistent Intraretinal Fluid In The Comparison Of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials, Jason Q Core, Maxwell Pistilli, Peiying Hua, Ebenezer Daniel, Juan E Grunwald, Cynthia A Toth, Glenn J Jaffe, Daniel F Martin, Maureen G Maguire, Gui-Shuang Ying, Comparison Of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (Catt) Research Group

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: To describe predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid (PP-IRF) and its association with visual acuity (VA) and retinal anatomic findings at long-term follow-up in eyes treated with pro re nata (PRN) ranibizumab or bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

DESIGN: Cohort within a randomized clinical trial.

PARTICIPANTS: Participants in the Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT) assigned to PRN treatment.

METHODS: The presence of intraretinal fluid (IRF) on OCT scans was assessed at baseline and monthly follow-up visits by Duke OCT Reading Center. Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through week 12, year 1, and year 2 was defined as the …

Dockopathies: A Systematic Review Of The Clinical Pathologies Associated With Human Dock Pathogenic Variants, Adrienne Samani, Katherine G English, Michael A Lopez, Camille L Birch, Donna M Brown, Gurpreet Kaur, Elizabeth A Worthey, Matthew S Alexander

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The Dedicator of Cytokinesis (DOCK) family (DOCK1-11) of genes are essential mediators of cellular migration, growth, and fusion in a variety of cell types and tissues. Recent advances in whole-genome sequencing of patients with undiagnosed genetic disorders have identified several rare pathogenic variants in DOCK genes. We conducted a systematic review and performed a patient database and literature search of reported DOCK pathogenic variants that have been identified in association with clinical pathologies such as global developmental delay, immune cell dysfunction, muscle hypotonia, and muscle ataxia among other categories. We then categorized these pathogenic DOCK variants and their associated clinical …

Informed Consent For Placebo-Controlled Trials: Do Ethics And Science Conflict?, Hope A Feldman, James A Feldman, Charles C Miller, Garrett Walsh, Jon E Tyson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The use of a placebo has been considered the best method for controlling bias in a prospective randomized clinical trial and provides the most rigorous test of treatment efficacy for evaluating a medical therapy. Placebos commonly produce clinically important effects particularly in studies where the primary outcomes are subjective. Yet the potential beneficial or harmful effects of placebos are often not addressed in designing a clinical trial, calculating the sample size, seeking consent, or interpreting clinical trial results. In this manuscript, we use an actual study to indicate three approaches that might be considered in seeking informed consent for placebo-controlled …

The Effect Of Body Mass Index On Therapeutic Response To Bacterial Vaginosis In Pregnancy, Kevin P Lee, Misha V Koshelev, D3code Team, Omar Pacha

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Covid-19 And Blood Clots: A Report Of Massive Pulmonary Embolism In Covid-19 Patient Supported On Veno-Venous Ecmo And The Utility Of Thrombolysis, Bindu Akkanti, Joseph Zwischenberger, Mark T Warner, Kha Dinh, Rahat Hussain, Farah Kazzaz, Pascal Kingah, Lisa M Janowiak, Biswajit Kar, Igor D Gregoric

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

COVID-19 morbidity and mortality are not equivalent to other etiologies of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as fulminant activation of coagulation can occur, thereby resulting in widespread microvascular thrombosis and consumption of coagulation factors. A 53-year-old female presented to an emergency center on two occasions with progressive gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms. She was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and admitted to a satellite intensive care unit with hypoxemic respiratory failure. She was intubated and mechanically ventilated, but her ARDS progressed over the next 48 hours. The patient was emergently cannulated for veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) and transferred to our …

Tumor Immune Contexture Is A Determinant Of Anti-Cd19 Car T Cell Efficacy In Large B Cell Lymphoma, Nathalie Scholler, Regis Perbost, Frederick L Locke, Michael D Jain, Sarah Turcan, Corinne Danan, Edmund C Chang, Sattva S Neelapu, David B Miklos, Caron A Jacobson, Lazaros J Lekakis, Yi Lin, Armin Ghobadi, Jenny J Kim, Justin Chou, Vicki Plaks, Zixing Wang, Allen Xue, Mike Mattie, John M Rossi, Adrian Bot, Jérôme Galon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) is an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy approved for relapsed/refractory large B cell lymphoma (LBCL) and has treatment with similar efficacy across conventional LBCL subtypes. Toward patient stratification, we assessed whether tumor immune contexture influenced clinical outcomes after axi-cel. We evaluated the tumor microenvironment (TME) of 135 pre-treatment and post-treatment tumor biopsies taken from 51 patients in the ZUMA-1 phase 2 trial. We uncovered dynamic patterns that occurred within 2 weeks after axi-cel. The biological associations among Immunoscore (quantification of tumor-infiltrating T cell density), Immunosign 21 (expression of pre-defined immune gene panel) and cell …

High Prevalence Of Osteopathy In Chronic Pancreatitis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis From The Proceed Study, Phil A Hart, Dhiraj Yadav, Liang Li, Savi Appana, William Fisher, Evan Fogel, Chris E Forsmark, Walter G Park, Stephen Pandol, Mark D Topazian, Stephen K Van Den Eden, Santhi Swaroop Vege, David Bradley, Jose Serrano, Darwin L Conwell, Consortium For The Study Of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, And Pancreatic Cancer (Cpdpc)

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

osteopenia). However, existing literature is mostly limited to retrospective or administrative studies that have not clearly defined the prevalence and risk factors. Our aim was to identify patient- and disease-related associations with osteopathy in a prospective cohort study of CP.

Methods: We studied 282 subjects with definitive CP enrolled in the PROCEED study who had a baseline dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were defined using the lowest T-scores. Clinical data were collected using standardized case report forms. Comparisons were performed with a multivariate logistic regression model with forward selection to identify risk factors for osteopathy.

Results: The …

Lmo2 Expression Is Frequent In T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia And Correlates With Survival, Regardless Of T-Cell Stage, Kerri-Ann Latchmansingh, Xiaoqiong Wang, Ramiro E Verdun, Mario L Marques-Piubelli, Francisco Vega, M James You, Jennifer Chapman, Izidore S Lossos

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

T- lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-LL) is an aggressive malignancy of immature T-cells with poor overall survival (OS) and in need of new therapies. LIM-domain only 2 (LMO2) is a critical regulator of hematopoietic cell development that can be overexpressed in T-LL due to chromosomal abnormalities. Deregulated LMO2 expression contributes to T-LL development by inducing block of T-cell differentiation and continuous thymocyte self-renewal. However, LMO2 expression and its biologic significance in T-LL remain largely unknown. We analyzed LMO2 expression in 100 initial and follow-up biopsies of T-LL from 67 patients, including 31 (46%) early precursor T-cell (ETP)-ALL, 26 (39%) cortical and 10 …

Fusobacterium Is Enriched In Oral Cancer And Promotes Induction Of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (Pd-L1), Chieko Michikawa, Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan, Amani M Harrandah, Tatiana V Karpinets, Rekha Rani Garg, Randy A Chu, Yuk Pheel Park, Sasanka S Chukkapallia, Nikhita Yadlapalli, Kelly C Erikson-Carter, Frederico Omar Gleber-Netto, Elias Sayour, Ann Progulske-Fox, Edward K L Chan, Xiaogang Wu, Jianhua Zhang, Christian Jobin, Jennifer A Wargo, Curtis R Pickering, Jeffrey N Myers, Natalie Silver

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Recently, increased number of studies have demonstrated a relationship between the oral microbiome and development of head and neck cancer, however, there are few studies to investigate the role of oral bacteria in the context of the tumor microenvironment in a single head and neck subsite. Here, paired tumor and adjacent normal tissues from thirty-seven oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole exome sequencing (WES), in addition to RNA sequencing for tumor samples. We observed that Fusobacterium was significantly enriched in oral tongue cancer and that Rothia and Streptococcus were enriched …

An Interdisciplinary Consensus On The Management Of Brain Metastases In Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma, Elshad Hasanov, Debra Nana Yeboa, Mathew D Tucker, Todd A Swanson, Thomas Hendrix Beckham, Brian Rini, Chibawanye I Ene, Merve Hasanov, Sophie Derks, Marion Smits, Shaan Dudani, Daniel Y C Heng, Priscilla K Brastianos, Axel Bex, Sahin Hanalioglu, Jeffrey S Weinberg, Laure Hirsch, Maria I Carlo, Ayal Aizer, Paul David Brown, Mehmet Asim Bilen, Eric Lin Chang, Jerry Jaboin, James Brugarolas, Toni K Choueiri, Michael B Atkins, Bradley A Mcgregor, Lia M Halasz, Toral R Patel, Scott G Soltys, David F Mcdermott, James Bradley Elder, Mustafa K Baskaya, James B Yu, Robert Timmerman, Michelle Miran Kim, Melike Mut, James Markert, Kathryn Beal, Nizar M Tannir, George Samandouras, Frederick F Lang, Rachel Giles, Eric Jonasch

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Brain metastases are a challenging manifestation of renal cell carcinoma. We have a limited understanding of brain metastasis tumor and immune biology, drivers of resistance to systemic treatment, and their overall poor prognosis. Current data support a multimodal treatment strategy with radiation treatment and/or surgery. Nonetheless, the optimal approach for the management of brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma remains unclear. To improve patient care, the authors sought to standardize practical management strategies. They performed an unstructured literature review and elaborated on the current management strategies through an international group of experts from different disciplines assembled via the network of …

Quantifying The Risk And Dosimetric Variables Of Symptomatic Brainstem Injury After Proton Beam Radiation In Pediatric Brain Tumors, Rituraj Upadhyay, Kaiping Liao, David R Grosshans, Susan L Mcgovern, Mary Frances Mcaleer, Wafik Zaky, Murali M Chintagumpala, Anita Mahajan, Debra Nana Yeboa, Arnold C Paulino

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Brainstem toxicity after radiation therapy (RT) is a devastating complication and a particular concern with proton radiation (PBT). We investigated the incidence and clinical correlates of brainstem injury in pediatric brain tumors treated with PBT.

Methods: All patients < 21 years with brain tumors treated with PBT at our institution from 2007-2019, with a brainstem Dmean >30 Gy and/or Dmax >50.4 Gy were included. Symptomatic brainstem injury (SBI) was defined as any new or progressive cranial neuropathy, ataxia, and/or motor weakness with corresponding radiographic abnormality within brainstem.

Results: A total of 595 patients were reviewed and 468 (medulloblastoma = 200, gliomas = 114, ependymoma = 87, ATRT = 43) met our inclusion criteria. Median age at RT …

Oligometastatic Disease In The Liver: The Role Of Interventional Oncology, Ather Adnan, Rahul Anil Sheth, Alda Tam

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Oligometastatic disease represents a clinically discrete intermediate stage of cancer progression and is an expanding area of research. While surgical metastatectomy has been recognized for decades as an effective treatment option in select patients, options for metastasis-directed therapy have broadened in scope with advancements in the armamentarium of non- and minimally invasive modalities. Recent preclinical studies investigating the immunology surrounding liver metastases demonstrate treatment resistance to immunotherapy in affected patients and show how locoregional therapy has the ability to overcome this resistance. In this paper, we review advancements in our understanding of oligometastatic disease, metastasis-directed therapy, effect of liver metastasis …

Schwann Cells Induce Phenotypic Changes In Oral Cancer Cells, Maria Daniela Santi, Morgan Zhang, Elizabeth Salvo, Kesava Asam, Chi T Viet, Tongxin Xie, Moran Amit, Bradley Aouizerat, Yi Ye

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide, the majority being oral squamous cell carcinoma. Despite advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the survival rate of patients with HNC remains stagnant. The cancer-nerve interaction has been recognized as an important driver of cancer progression. Schwann cells, a type of peripheral glia, have been implicated in promoting cancer cell growth, migration, dispersion, and invasion into the nerve in many cancers. Here, it is demonstrated that the presence of Schwann cells makes oral cancer cells more aggressive by promoting their proliferation, extracellular matrix breakdown, and altering cell metabolism. …

Outcomes From A Tertiary Care Center Using A Catheter Thrombectomy System For Managing Acute Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis., Michael A Jolly, Marie M Lockhart, Deep Shah, Christopher M Huff, Elizabeth A Valenti, John A Phillips, Samih Bittar, Charles F Botti, Raghu Kolluri, Mitchell J Silver

OhioHealth Research Institute Articles

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to report a large, single-center experience using the ClotTriever thrombectomy system (Inari Medical, Irvine, CA) for the management of acute iliofemoral (IF) deep vein thrombosis (DVT). One limitation of all endovascular devices for the treatment of acute IF-DVT has been the inability to completely remove all acute thrombus and the need for adjunctive thrombolysis with its attendant risk of bleeding complications.

METHODS: A single-center retrospective review of consecutive patients with acute IF-DVT treated with the ClotTriever thrombectomy system (Inari Medical) is reported. Procedural efficacy was evaluated by an independent core imaging laboratory …

Clinical Trial Data Of Anti-Pd-1/Pd-L1 Therapy For Recurrent Or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Review, Douglas R Adkins, Robert I. Haddad

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Anti-programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) therapy is standard of care for incurable recurrent or metastatic non-nasopharyngeal head and neck cancer. In contrast, there are no regulatory agency-approved anti-PD-1 agents indicated for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinomas (RM-NPC) in the Western hemisphere, and no standard treatment option exists beyond first-line chemotherapy for RM-NPC. The pace of development of novel systemic therapy regimens for RM-NPC has been slow compared to many other advanced tumor types, leaving an unmet clinical need for these patients with a poor prognosis.

OBSERVATIONS: Recent clinical trials have documented the clinical activity of anti-PD-1 …

High-Coverage Whole-Genome Sequencing Of The Expanded 1000 Genomes Project Cohort Including 602 Trios, Marta Byrska-Bishop, Haley J Abel, Allison A Regier, Ira M Hall, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The 1000 Genomes Project (1kGP) is the largest fully open resource of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data consented for public distribution without access or use restrictions. The final, phase 3 release of the 1kGP included 2,504 unrelated samples from 26 populations and was based primarily on low-coverage WGS. Here, we present a high-coverage 3,202-sample WGS 1kGP resource, which now includes 602 complete trios, sequenced to a depth of 30X using Illumina. We performed single-nucleotide variant (SNV) and short insertion and deletion (INDEL) discovery and generated a comprehensive set of structural variants (SVs) by integrating multiple analytic methods through a machine learning …

An Ips-Derived In Vitro Model Of Human Atrial Conduction, Sherri M Biendarra-Tiegs, Sergey Yechikov, Bhupinder Shergill, Brittany Brumback, Kentaro Takahashi, Venktesh S Shirure, Ruth Estelle Gonzalez, Laura Houshmand, Denise Zhong, Kuo-Chan Weng, Jon Silva, Timothy W Smith, Stacey L Rentschler, Steven C George

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in the United States, affecting approximately 1 in 10 adults, and its prevalence is expected to rise as the population ages. Treatment options for AF are limited; moreover, the development of new treatments is hindered by limited (1) knowledge regarding human atrial electrophysiological endpoints (e.g., conduction velocity [CV]) and (2) accurate experimental models. Here, we measured the CV and refractory period, and subsequently calculated the conduction wavelength, in vivo (four subjects with AF and four controls), and ex vivo (atrial slices from human hearts). Then, we created an in vitro model of …

Lack Of Vmp1 Impairs Hepatic Lipoprotein Secretion And Promotes Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis, Xiaoxiao Jiang, Yan Xie, Nicholas O Davidson, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein that regulates the formation of autophagosomes and lipid droplets. Recent evidence suggests that VMP1 plays a critical role in lipoprotein secretion in zebra fish and cultured cells. However, the pathophysiological roles and mechanisms by which VMP1 regulates lipoprotein secretion and lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are unknown.

METHODS: Liver-specific and hepatocyte-specific Vmp1 knockout mice as well as Vmp1 knock-in mice were generated by crossing Vmp1

RESULTS: Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Vmp1 severely impaired VLDL secretion resulting in massive hepatic …

Implications Of Conformational Flexibility, Lipid Binding, And Regulatory Domains In Cell-Traversal Protein Celtos For Apicomplexan Migration, Hirdesh Kumar, John R Jimah, Santosh A Misal, Nichole D Salinas, Michal Fried, Paul H Schlesinger, Niraj H Tolia

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Malaria and other apicomplexan-caused diseases affect millions of humans, agricultural animals, and pets. Cell traversal is a common feature used by multiple apicomplexan parasites to migrate through host cells and can be exploited to develop therapeutics against these deadly parasites. Here, we provide insights into the mechanism of the Cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites (CelTOS), a conserved cell-traversal protein in apicomplexan parasites and malaria vaccine candidate. CelTOS has previously been shown to form pores in cell membranes to enable traversal of parasites through cells. We establish roles for the distinct protein regions of Plasmodium vivax CelTOS and examine the …

Reference Ranges For Corpus Callosum And Cavum Septi Pellucidi Biometry On Prenatal Ultrasound: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Joshua I Rosenbloom, Lauren H Yaeger, Shay Porat

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published nomograms for fetal corpus callosum and cavum septi pellucid biometry. A structured literature search was conducted to identify studies that reported normal measurements of the fetal corpus callosum and cavum septi pellucidi. Random effects metaanalysis was used to calculate normal ranges, and reference curves are provided. The quality assessment demonstrated that there was generally poor reporting regarding maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes. Our findings emphasize that standardization of research protocols and publishing criteria for normal biometric ranges is needed.

A Decade's Experience In Pediatric Chromosomal Microarray Reveals Distinct Characteristics Across Ordering Specialties, Mariam T Mathew, Austin Antoniou, Naveen Ramesh, Min Hu, Jeffrey Gaither, Danielle Mouhlas, Sayaka Hashimoto, Maggie Humphrey, Theodora Matthews, Jesse M Hunter, Shalini Reshmi, Matthew Schultz, Kristy Lee, Ruthann Pfau, Catherine Cottrell, Kim L Mcbride, Nicholas E Navin, Bimal P Chaudhari, Marco L Leung

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Chromosomal microarray (CMA) is a testing modality frequently used in pediatric patients; however, published data on its utilization are limited to the genetic setting. We performed a database search for all CMA testing performed from 2010 to 2020, and delineated the diagnostic yield based on patient characteristics, including sex, age, clinical specialty of providers, indication of testing, and pathogenic finding. The indications for testing were further categorized into Human Phenotype Ontology categories for analysis. This study included a cohort of 14,541 patients from 29 different medical specialties, of whom 30% were from the genetics clinic. The clinical indications for testing …