Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Formative Research For Hygiene Promotion In Kyrgyzstan, Adam Biran, Anara Tabyshalieva, Zumrat Salmorbekova

History Faculty Research

Formative research for hygiene promotion was used to gather data relating to hygiene practices in rural Kyrgyzstan. Some of the hand-washing and faeces disposal practices observed were sub-optimal from a public health perspective. In combination with the poverty, limited medical services and poor water supply infrastructure characteristic of the study area, it is likely that these factors increase the risk of diarrhoeal infections among Kyrgyz children. An association was found between increased rates of hand-washing following latrine use and ownership of a washstand. This offers some empirical support for the idea that promotion of hand-washing technologies can form a useful …

A Model Program For Youth Suicide Prevention, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Youth suicide continues to be one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Nation wide it is the third leading cause of death in the 10-24 year old age group. The rate of suicide varies somewhat from state to state. In the state of Kentucky, youth suicide is the second leading cause of death. This article describes a grass root, community-based program for youth suicide prevention and its impact on the community. The Stop Youth Suicide Campaign was launched in October 2000 and included more than 30 local agencies. This program worked. through public education, education of …

Pathways To Ptsd, Part Ii: Sexually Abused Children, Glenn N Saxe

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this research was to develop and test a prospective model of posttraumatic stress symptoms in sexually abused children that includes pretrauma, trauma, and disclosure-related pathways.

METHOD: At time 1, several measures were used to assess pretrauma variables, trauma variables, and stress reactions upon disclosure for 156 sexually abused children ages 8 to 13 years. At the time 2 follow-up (7 to 36 months following the initial interview), the children were assessed for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.

RESULTS: A path analysis involving a series of hierarchically nested ordinary least squares multiple regression analyses indicated three direct …

Project Child Health Impact Assessment, Unyi Agba, Kristina Chung, David Diehl, Marisol Olivera, Yolanda Perez

Emerging Leaders Program Team Projects

The 2005 Project Child Health Impact Assessment (CHIA) at the Boston Medical Center (BMC) for the UMass Emerging Leaders Program (ELP) is closely related to one that members of the 2004 ELP cohort assisted with. The 2004 project team provided BMC with preliminary research regarding similar concepts in Europe, Canada and the United States. With this research in hand, the Project CHIA team at BMC decided to research, develop, write and publish pilot analyses that illustrated the impact of public policy on children's health. The 2005 ELP team was asked to provide guidance regarding a communications strategy for these pilot …

Developing And Deploying A New Member Of The Dental Team: A Pediatric Oral Health Therapist, David A. Nash

Oral Health Science Faculty Publications

There are inadequate numbers of dentists able and willing to treat America's children, specifically children from low income and minority populations. This has led to the well-publicized disparities in oral health among children. In the early part of the 20^th century New Zealand faced a significant problem with oral disease among its children and introduced a School Dental Service, staffed by allied dental professionals with two years' training in caring for the teeth of children, "school dental nurses." A significant number of countries have adopted the model. This article reviews the history of attempts to develop such an approach …

Plasma Zinc Concentrations Are Depressed During The Acute Phase Response In Children With Falciparum Malaria, C. Duggan, W.B. Macleod, N.F. Krebs, J.L. Westcott, W.W. Fawzi, Zul Premji, V. Mwanakasale, J.L. Simon, K. Yeboah-Antwi, D.H. Hamer

Pathology, East Africa

Plasma concentrations of some micronutrients are altered in the setting of acute infectious or inflammatory stress. Previous studies have provided conflicting evidence concerning the extent and direction of changes in plasma zinc concentrations during the acute phase response. We carried out an observational cohort study in 689 children enrolled in a randomized trial of zinc supplementation during acute falciparum malaria in order to evaluate the relation between plasma zinc concentration and the acute phase response. Plasma zinc was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. On admission, 70% of all subjects had low plasma zinc (<9.2 μmol/L). Multivariate analysis of predictors of admission plasma zinc showed that admission C-reactive protein (CRP), parasite density, and study site were the most important predictors. Predictors of changes in plasma zinc from admission to 72 h included baseline CRP, change in CRP, treatment group, study site, and baseline zinc concentration. In children with acute malaria infection, baseline plasma zinc concentrations were very low and were inversely correlated with CRP (r = -0.24, P < 0.0001) and the degree of parasitemia (r = -0.19, P < 0.0001). Even when CRP and time were taken into account, zinc supplementation increased plasma zinc concentration from admission to 72 h. When available, plasma zinc concentrations should be interpreted with concurrent measures of the acute phase response such as CRP. In children whose age, diet, and/or nutritional status place them at risk of zinc deficiency, those with low plasma zinc levels should be supplemented with oral zinc and followed for clinical and/or biochemical response. © 2005 American Society for Nutritional Sciences.

A Randomized, Controlled Trial Of In-Home Drinking Water Intervention To Reduce Gastrointestinal Illness, John M. Colford, Timothy J. Wade, Sukhminder K. Sandhu, Catherine C. Wright, Sherline Lee, Susan Shaw, Kim Fox, Susan Burns, Anne Benker, M. Alan Brookhart, Mark Van Der Laan, Deborah A. Levy

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Trials have provided conflicting estimates of the risk of gastrointestinal illness attributable to tap water. To estimate this risk in an Iowa community with a well-run water utility with microbiologically challenged source water, the authors of this 2000-2002 study randomly assigned blinded volunteers to use externally identical devices (active device: 227 households with 646 persons; sham device: 229 households with 650 persons) for 6 months (cycle A). Each group then switched to the opposite device for 6 months (cycle B). The active device contained a 1-microm absolute ceramic filter and used ultraviolet light. Episodes of "highly credible gastrointestinal illness," a …

Prevalence Of Obesity And Lack Of Physical Activity Among Kentucky Adolescents, Hatim A. Omar, Kristin Rager

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Lack of physical activity and overweight status continues to be a significant health problem in the United States. To assess the actual prevalence of these problems, we reviewed data from the School-based Health Promotion Centers in one middle school, and one High school in central Kentucky. A total of 232 6th graders and 607 9th graders were included. A total of 92% of 6th graders and 45% of 9th graders reported complete lack of regular exercise. 37% of 9th graders and 59% of 6th graders had inappropriate nutrition, 47% of 9th graders and 33% of 6th graders had Body Mass …

Ergonomics And The School-Aged Child, Allison Ruff

Occupational Therapy Capstones

No abstract provided.

An Occupational Therapy Program For Children And Adolescents Exposed To Trauma, Cherie A. Lowe, Katie A. Tallackson

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Every year many children and adolescents are affected by traumatic experience many of which result in long term challenges. The traumatic event may lead to psychological disorders, such as anxiety disorders, depression, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, substance abuse, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These disorders often have the effect of interrupting development of occupational performance skills and ultimately are manifested in deficits in occupational performance. A literature review was conducted to identify the effects of trauma on children and adolescents as well as to explore current treatment programming available to this population. Examples of research-based occupational therapy programming for …

The Effect Of Participation In Organized Soccer On Fitnessgram Scores In 11-12 Year Old Girls, Gale G. Dockstader, Kristin R. Naplin, Keli N. Waterworth, Lyndsey M.R. Ziemer

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Purpose: Childhood obesity is increasing at an alarming rate throughout the United States and has been associated with multiple health complications such as heart disease and diabetes. Due to these increasing rates and health effects, there is a need to determine effective methods to measure physical activity as well as promote physical activity. One form of determining a child's level of fitness is through the Fitnessgram. This study was designed to determine if formally testing fitness levels with the Fitnessgram in 11-12 year old girls participating in organized soccer is correlated with changes in fitness levels from pre-season to post-season, …

The Relationship Between Future Orientation And Street Substance Use Among Texas Alternative School Students, Christine M Markham, George S Yacoubian

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Self-reported substance use data were collected from 963 alternative school students in grades 7-12 who were surveyed through the Safer Choices 2 study in Houston, Texas. Data were collected between October 2000 and March 2001. Logistic regression analyses indicated that lower levels of future orientation was significantly associated (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81-0.97) with thirty-day substance use after controlling for age and gender. In addition, lower levels of future orientation was found to have a significant association with students' lifetime substance use (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.87-.99) after controlling for age, race, and gender. While the …

Predicting Childhood Sexual Or Physical Abuse: A Logistic Regression Geo-Mapping Approach To Prevention

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This study investigates the degree to which gender, ethnicity, relationship to perpetrator, and geomapped socio-economic factors significantly predict the incidence of childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse and non- abuse. These variables are then linked to geographic identifiers using geographic information system (GIS) technology to develop a geo-mapping framework for child sexual and physical abuse prevention.

Clinical Profiles, Occurrence, And Management Of Adolescent Patients With Hair-An Syndrome, Hatim A. Omar, Stephanie Logsdon, Jessica Richards

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The syndrome of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN) is a subphenotype of the polycystic ovary syndrome. It is one of the most common causes of menstrual problems, hyperandrogenic symptoms, and insulin resistance among young women. Review of clinical data in an outpatient adolescent clinic showed that of the 1,002 young women (ages 10-21 years) attending the clinic over a 2-year period, 50 (5%) were diagnosed with HAIR-AN syndrome. Mean age of the patients was 15.5, initial mean weight at diagnosis was 94.5 kg, and the mean BMI was 33.33 kg/m2. Patients were treated with a weight-stabilization and -reduction …

Oncolog, Volume 49, Number 03, March 2004, Beth Notzon, Katie Prout Matias

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Translational Research Speeds the Journey from Lab Results to Clinical Outcomes
• New Tests Could One Day Predict Response to Chemotherapy and Presence of Metastatic Disease in Patients with Breast Cancer
• House Call: Mind-Body Approaches for Patients with Cancer

Sars Surveillance During Emergency Public Health Response, United States, March-July 2003, Stephanie J. Schrag, John T. Brooks, Chris Van Beneden, Umesh D. Parashar, Patricia M. Griffin, Larry J. Anderson, William J. Bellini, Robert F. Benson, Dean D. Erdman, Alexander Klimov, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Teresa C. T. Peret, Deborah F. Talkington, W. Lanier Thacker, Maria L. Tondella, Jacquelyn S. Sampson, Allen W. Hightower, Dale F. Nordenberg, Brian D. Plikaytis, Ali S. Khan, Nancy E. Rosenstein, Tracee A. Treadwell, Cynthia G. Whitney, Anthony E. Fiore, Tonji M. Durant, Joseph F. Perz, Annemarie Wasley, Daniel Feikin, Joy L. Herndon, William A. Bower, Barbara W. Klibourn, Deborah A. Levy, Victor G. Coronado, Joanna Buffington, Clare A. Dykewicz, Rima F. Khabbaz, Mary E. Chamberland

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

In response to the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the United States established national surveillance using a sensitive case definition incorporating clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory criteria. Of 1,460 unexplained respiratory illnesses reported by state and local health departments to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from March 17 to July 30, 2003, a total of 398 (27%) met clinical and epidemiologic SARS case criteria. Of these, 72 (18%) were probable cases with radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Eight (2%) were laboratory-confirmed SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infections, 206 (52%) were SARS-CoV negative, and 184 (46%) had undetermined SARS-CoV status because of …

Developing A Pediatric Oral Health Therapist To Help Address Oral Health Disparities Among Children, David A. Nash

Oral Health Science Faculty Publications

Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General documented the profound and significant disparities that exist in the oral health of children in the United States. Recently, the country has been issued a National Call to Action to Promote Oral Health, under the leadership of the Office of the Surgeon General. Among the significant factors contributing to the disparities problem is the access to oral health care by disadvantaged populations. There are inadequate numbers of dentists able and willing to treat children, particularly poor and minority children. In the early part of the twentieth century, New Zealand …

Epidemiologic And Environmental Investigation Of A Recreational Water Outbreak Caused By Two Genotypes Of Cryptosporidium Parvum In Ohio In 2000, Els Mathieu, Deborah A. Levy, Fran Veverka, Mary-Kay Parrish, John Sarisky, Nancy Shapiro, Stephanie Johnston, Thomas Handzel, Allen Hightower, Lihua Xiao, Yeuk-Mui Lee, Steve York, Michael Arrowood, Robin Lee, Jeffrey L. Jones

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

In August 2000, the Ohio Department of Health requested assistance to investigate a cryptosporidiosis outbreak with more than 700 clinical case-patients. An epidemiologic and environmental investigation was conducted. Stool specimens, pool water, and sand filter samples were analyzed. A community-based case-control study showed that the main risk factor was swimming in pool A (odds ratio [OR] = 42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.3-144.9). This was supported by results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, which showed the presence of both the human and bovine genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in case-patients and samples from the filter of pool A. A …

Did A Severe Flood In The Midwest Cause An Increase In The Incidence Of Gastrointestinal Symptoms?, Timothy J. Wade, Sukhminder K. Sandhu, Deborah A. Levy, Sherline Lee, Mark W. Lechevallier, Louis Katz, John M. Colford

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Severe flooding occurred in the midwestern United States in 2001. Since November 2000, coincidentally, data on gastrointestinal symptoms had been collected for a drinking water intervention study in a community along the Mississippi River that was affected by the flood. After the flood had subsided, the authors asked these subjects (n = 1,110) about their contact with floodwater. The objectives of this investigation were to determine whether rates of gastrointestinal illness were elevated during the flood and whether contact with floodwater was associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal illness. An increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms during the flood …

A Lived Experience Of Being A Mother Of A Child With Depression: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Inquiry, Maralou R. Brose

Theses and Graduate Projects

There have been few studies that have attempted to understand the world of parents raising a child with depression. This study introduces the magnitude of the problem of childhood depression and explores what it means to be the mother of an adolescent with depression. For this study, three mothers of adolescents wit.h depression were questioned interviews were in unstructured interviews. The taped transcribed, and the resulting texts were Four core themes were analyzed using a six-stage process. extracted-maternal role, support, and grief-and reveal_ed what it was family disequilibrium, like for mothers raising a child with depression. Hermeneutic phenomenology provided the …

Oncolog, Volume 48, Number 12, December 2003, Karen Stuyck, Dawn Chalaire, Martha A. Askins, Martha Aschenbrenner

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• On the Move: Efforts Under Way to Improve Outcomes for Patients with Renal Cancer
• Protocols: Studies Examine Treatments for Renal Cell Carcinoma
• Art Therapy Helps Children Affected by Cancer Express Their Emotions
• Children's Art Project Has Been Improving the Lives of Children with Cancer for 30 Years
• DiaLog: When a Parent Is Sick: Talking to Children about Cancer, by Martha A. Askins, PhD, Division of Pediatrics, and Martha Aschenbrenner, Director, Child Life Services

Children With Disturbances In Sensory Processing: A Pilot Study Examining The Role Of The Parasympathetic Nervous System., Roseann C. Schaaf, Lucy Jane Miller, Duncan Seawell, Shannon O'Keefe

Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty Papers

This study was a preliminary investigation of parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) functioning in children with disturbances in sensory processing. The specific aims of this study were to (1) provide preliminary data about group differences in parasympathetic functions, as measured by the vagal tone index, between children with disturbances in sensory processing and those without; (2) determine effect size and power needed for future studies; and (3) to lay the foundation for further examination of the relations of parasympathetic functioning and functional behavior in children with disturbances in sensory processing. Participants were 15 children, nine with disturbances in sensory processing and …

Secure Attachments And Peer Relationships : The Effects Of Secure Mother-Child Attachments On Peer Relationships In Pre-School, Cassandra Damlo

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

Cell-Cycle Regulatory Proteins In Podocyte Cell In Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Of Childhood., Tarak Srivastava, Robert E. Garola, J M. Whiting, Uri S. Alon

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: The podocyte cell is believed to play an important role in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) of childhood. In adults with cellular and collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), the expression of cell-cycle regulatory proteins such as p27, p57, and cyclin D is decreased and expression of cyclin A, Ki-67, and p21 is observed in podocyte cells suggestive of a dysregulated podocyte phenotype. We investigated for alterations in the expression of cyclin kinase inhibitors, p27, p57, p21, and cyclins D and A in the podocyte cell of children with INS.

METHODS: Forty-two kidney biopsies were investigated; 14 with minimal-change disease (MCD), …

Oncolog, Volume 48, Number 03, March 2003, David Galloway, Ann Sutton, Katie Prout Matias, Donna R. Copeland Phd

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Pediatric Oncologists Search for More Effective Drugs to Treat an ‘Orphan Disease’
• Collaborative Studies Lead to Better Survival Rates in Young Patients with Rhabdomyosarcoma
• Protecting the Heart and Gastrointestinal Tract from Treatment-Associated Damage Is an Important Element of Cancer Care
• House Call: Conquering the Pain of Cancer
• DiaLog: Recognizing and Treating Cognitive Dysfunctions in Survivors of Childhood Cancers, by Donna R. Copeland, PhD, Professor, Department of Pediatrics

Our Adolescents--Our Future, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Review Of The Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injury Among School Aged Children: Implications For The Occupational Therapist And Intervention Team, Amanda Claesson, Laurie Rider

Occupational Therapy Capstones

No abstract provided.

Respiratory Arrest In A Child After Flushing Of Pancuronium From The Dead Space Of Intravenous Cannula, Robyna Irshad Khan, Fazal Hameed Khan, Hamid Iqil Naqvi

Department of Anaesthesia

It is common practice for patients admitted to Intensive Care Units to have indwelling intravenous cannulae. Sometimes these cannulae are used only for the administration of drugs and are closed otherwise. Residual drugs in the deadspace of these intravenous cannulae as well as connected stoppers or 3-way stopcocks can later be flushed unknowingly. We would like to report a case in which inadvertent flushing of residual pancuronium caused complete muscle paralysis and respiratory arrest in a young child.

Oncolog, Volume 47, Number 06, June 2002, Kate O'Suilleabhain, Dawn Chalaire, Shellie M. Scott Bs

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Drug Development Program Paves the Way for FDA Approval of New Agents
• Pediatric New Agents Working Group Advances the Study of Novel Treatments in Young Patients
• DiaLog: Patients and Physicians: Partners in Health Care, by Shellie M. Scott, BS, Physician Assistant, Department of Urology
• House Call: Taking a More Active Role in Your Own Health Care
• As Population of Cancer Survivors Grows, Studies of Long-Term Health Effects Become More Critical, Researchers Say

Child, Parent, And Peer Predictors Of Early-Onset Substance Use: A Multisite Longitudinal Study

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The purpose of this study was to identify kindergarten-age predictors of early-onset substance use from demographic, environmental, parenting, child psychological, behavioral, and social functioning domains. Data from a longitudinal study of 295 children were gathered using multiple-assessment methods and multiple informants in kindergarten and 1st grade. Annual assessments at ages 10, 11, and 12 reflected that 21% of children reported having initiated substance use by age 12. Results from longitudinal logistic regression models indicated that risk factors at kindergarten include being male, having a parent who abused substances, lower levels of parental verbal reasoning, higher levels of overactivity, more thought …