Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Epidemiology News, Georgia Southern University

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Disparities in Breast Cancer

Health Policy & Management News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Disparities in Breast Cancer

Proline-Rich Tyrosine Kinase 2 (Pyk2) Regulates Igf-I-Induced Cell Motility And Invasion Of Urothelial Carcinoma Cells, Marco Genua, Shi-Qiong Xu, Simone Buraschi, Stephen C. Peiper, Leonard G. Gomella, Antonio Belfiore, Renato V. Iozzo, Andrea Morrione

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

The insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR) plays an essential role in transformation by promoting cell growth and protecting cancer cells from apoptosis. We have recently demonstrated that the IGF-IR is overexpressed in invasive bladder cancer tissues and promotes motility and invasion of urothelial carcinoma cells. These effects require IGF-I-induced Akt- and MAPK-dependent activation of paxillin. The latter co-localizes with focal adhesion kinases (FAK) at dynamic focal adhesions and is critical for promoting motility of urothelial cancer cells. FAK and its homolog Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) modulate paxillin activation; however, their role in regulating IGF-IR-dependent signaling and motility in …

Talking Glossary Of Genomics Terminology: A Genomics Education Module For American Indian Communities, Jill Peters, Pauline Davies, Naomi Lane, Kathryn Coe

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

This paper describes the development of an audio visual genomics glossary that was designed as an education tool for American Indian communities. This “Talking Glossary of Genomics Terminology” is a multimedia DVD that was modeled on the “Talking Glossary of Genetics,” which was developed by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). The NHGRI Glossary was modified and expanded with content designed to increase awareness among American Indians about cancer, genomics, and personalized medicine. Partners on the project include the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc., Phoenix Indian Medical Center, Arizona Cancer Center at the University of Arizona, the Translational …

Exploring The Unique Characteristics Of Cancer In Adolescents And Young Adults In Tennessee, Megan Quinn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs) ages 15-39 years with cancer have received little attention in the medical and health fields, resulting in a lack of progress for this age group. Little is known about the unique biologic, epidemiologic, and psychosocial issues that play an integral role in the AYA cancer journey. The purposes of this study were to use the Tennessee Cancer Registry for all new cancer cases from 2004-2008 to determine 1) the main types of cancer that affect AYAs in TN, 2) the predictors of late-stage diagnosis of melanoma, and 3) the factors that predict a total thyroidectomy …

Deciphering Phosphotyrosine-Dependent Signaling Networks In Cancer By Sh2 Profiling, Kazuya Machida

UCHC Articles - Research

It has been a decade since the introduction of SH2 profiling, a modular domain-based molecular diagnostics tool. This review covers the original concept of SH2 profiling, different analytical platforms, and their applications, from the detailed analysis of single proteins to broad screening in translational research. Illustrated by practical examples, we discuss the uniqueness and advantages of the approach as well as its limitations and challenges. We provide guidance for basic researchers and oncologists who may consider SH2 profiling in their respective cancer research, especially for those focusing on tyrosine phosphoproteomics. SH2 profiling can serve as an alternative phosphoproteomics tool to …

Increased Geranylgeranylated K-Ras Contributes To Antineoplastic Effects Of Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors., Mandy A. Hall

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

The Ras family of small GTPases (N-, H-, and K-Ras) is a group of important signaling mediators. Ras is frequently activated in some cancers, while others maintain low level activity to achieve optimal cell growth. In cells with endogenously low levels of active Ras, increasing Ras signaling through the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways can cause growth arrest or cell death. Ras requires prenylation – the addition of a 15-carbon (farnesyl) or 20-carbon (geranylgeranyl) group – to keep the protein anchored into membranes for effective signaling. N- and K-Ras can be alternatively geranylgeranylated (GG’d) if farnesylation is inhibited but are …

Development Of Novel Non-Invasive Diagnostic Methods For Early Detection Of Prostate And Breast Cancer, Marisol Sanchez^, Olivia C. Jones, Wen-Yee Lee*

COURI Symposium Abstracts, Spring 2012

No abstract provided.

Pharmacological And Therapeutic Effects Of A3 Adenosine Receptor (A3ar) Agonists, Bruce T. Liang

UCHC Articles - Research

The G_i-coupled A₃ adenosine receptor (A₃AR) mediates anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-ischemic protective effects. The receptor is overexpressed in inflammatory and cancer cells, while low expression is found in normal cells, rendering the A₃AR as a potential therapeutic target. Highly selective A₃AR agonists have been synthesized and molecular recognition in the binding site has been characterized. The present review summarizes preclinical and clinical human studies demonstrating that A₃AR agonists induce specific anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects via a molecular mechanism that entails modulation of the Wnt and the NF-κB signal transduction …

Increase In Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis Does Not Prevent Muscle Loss But Increased Tumor Size In A Mouse Model Of Acute Cancer-Induced Cachexia., Xiao Wang, Alicia M Pickrell, Teresa A Zimmers, Carlos T Moraes

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

Cancer-associated cachexia is a complex metabolic condition characterized by the progressive loss of body fat and deterioration of muscle mass. Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cachexia are incompletely understood, previous studies have suggested mitochondrial dysfunction in murine models of cancer cachexia. To better understand the metabolic shift in cancer-induced cachexia, we studied the effects of enhanced oxidative capacity on muscle wasting using transgenic mice over-expressing Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma Co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) in skeletal muscle in a Lewis lung carcinoma-implanted model. Increased mitochondrial biogenesis was observed in the skeletal muscle of tumor-implanted mice. However, these increases did not prevent …

The First Year Counts: Cancer Survival Among Indigenous And Non-Indigenous Queenslanders, 1997–2006, Susanna M. Cramb, Gall Garvey, Patricia C. Valery, John D. Williamson, Peter D. Baade

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

Objective: To examine the differential in cancer survival between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in Queensland in relation to time after diagnosis, remoteness and area-socioeconomic disadvantage.

Design, setting and participants: Descriptive study of population-based data on all 150 059 Queensland residents of known Indigenous status aged 15 years and over who were diagnosed with a primary invasive cancer during 1997–2006.

Main outcome measures: Hazard ratios for the categories of area- socioeconomic disadvantage, remoteness and Indigenous status, as well as conditional 5-year survival estimates.

Results: Five-year survival was lower for Indigenous people diagnosed with cancer (50.3%; 95% CI, 47.8%–52.8%) compared with non-Indigenous …

The Relationship Between Death Depression And Death Anxiety Among Cancer Patients In Saudi Arabia, Doaa A. Almostadi

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

Cancer is one of the main public health problems in the world. People diagnosed with cancer may become depressed and fearful of dying. This causes them to question treatments and sometimes avoid treatment altogether. Cancer may change the person's life and the lives of others around them. The current study focused on the psychosocial impact of impending death for cancer patients in Saudi Arabia. Currently, the relationship between the death anxiety and death depression in persons with cancer in Saudi Arabia is not yet clear. Added to that, little research has been conducted with Muslim cancer patients and their …

Matrix Metalloproteinase Genes Are Transcriptionally Regulated By E2f Transcription Factors: A Link Between Cell Cycle Control And Metastatic Progression, Jacqueline Lea Johnson

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The RbµE2F transcriptional regulatory pathway plays a critical role in the cell cycle. Rb is inactivated through multiple waves of phosphorylation, mediated mainly by cyclin D and cyclin E associated kinases. Once Rb is inactivated, cells can enter Sµphase. Collectively, three Rb family members and ten E2F proteins coordinate every additional stage of the cell cycle, from quiescence to mitosis. However the RbµE2F pathway is frequently altered in cancer. Aside from cell proliferation, the RbµE2F pathway regulates other essential cellular processes including apoptosis, cell differentiation, angiogenesis and DNA damage repair pathways, but its role in invasion and cancer progression is …

The Expression Of Ecotropic Virus Integration Site-1 In Seven Cancer Cell Lines, Wendy Bindeman '12

Student Publications & Research

The ecotropic virus integration site-1 (EVI1) gene is a transcriptional repressor implicated in the control of cell proliferation and frequently over-expressed in cancerous cells. I investigated the expression of this gene across seven cancer cell lines of varying morphologies. The tested lines included leukemia lines Kasumi-3, U937, MOLT-4, and CEM, breast cancer line MCF7, colorectal cancer line HT-29, and glioblastoma line M059K. Kasumi-3 and HT-29 are documented to have high EVI1 expression. Protein concentrations were normalized with respect to actin using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Western blots for EVI1 showed expression of an unidentified protein with a molecular weight of …

Update - February 2012, Loma Linda University Center For Christian Bioethics

Update

In this issue:

-- Cancer Stories: An Argument for Narrative Ethics
-- Dual-Degree Masters of Arts in Bioethics
-- From the Director
-- Finding a Voice for Seventh-day Adventist Ethics in the Radical Reformation?

Attitudes And Practices Of Perioperative Nurses Effecting The Election Of Wearing Protection From Occupational Radiation Exposure, Jane Leonard

Nursing Theses and Capstone Projects

Health effects from exposure to radiation are unpredictable. On a daily bases, nurses working in the perioperative setting are exposed to medical x-rays (ionizing radiation) and are vulnerable to its carcinogenic effects. Regardless of the potential health consequences, the use of protective equipment remains inconsistent among perioperative nurses. Most research studies regarding nurses' occupational health risks either failed to include or separate radiation exposure from chemicals and blood borne pathogens. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the attitudes and practices of perioperative nurses that influence their decisions to wear or not wear radiation protection equipment …

2012 Cancer Care Annual Report, Children's Mercy Hospital

Cancer Center Annual Reports

Annual report of cancer care and oncology services at the Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

A Descriptive Analysis Of Lung Cancer In Montgomery County, Ohio, Catherine Klose

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Lung cancer statistics are alarming, especially when it is considered by many to largely be a preventable disease. Lung cancers are the leading cause of all cancer deaths, more than breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colon cancer combined. Cancers of the bronchus and lung make up the greatest percentage of the newly diagnosed cancers reported to the Ohio Cancer Incidence Surveillance System (OCISS). The stage of diagnosis of lung and bronchus cancers is an important determinant of survival. Smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer. Race and gender disparities also exist with lung cancer, and socioeconomic factors have …

Tissue-Specific Alterations Of Prl-1 And Prl-2 Expression In Cancer, Carmen M. Dumaual, George E. Sandusky, Han Weng Soo, Sean R. Werner, Pamela L. Crowell, Stephen K. Randall

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

The PRL-1 and PRL-2 phosphatases have been implicated as oncogenic, however the involvement of these molecules in human neoplasms is not well understood. To increase understanding of the role PRL-1 and PRL-2 play in the neoplastic process, in situ hybridization was used to examine PRL-1 and PRL-2 mRNA expression in 285 normal, benign, and malignant human tissues of diverse origin. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on a subset of these. PRL-1 and PRL-2 mRNA expression was also assessed in a small set of samples from a variety of diseases other than cancer. Where possible, associations with clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. Alterations …

Annual Report To The Nation On The Status Of Cancer, 1975-2008, Featuring Cancers Associated With Excess Weight And Lack Of Sufficient Physical Activity, Christie Eheman, S. Jane Henley, Rachel Ballard-Barbash, Eric J. Jacobs, Maria J. Schymura, Anne-Michelle Noone, Liping Pan, Robert N. Anderson, Janet E. Fulton, Betsy A. Kohler, Ahmedin Jemal, Elizabeth Ward, Marcus Plescia, Lynn A. G. Ries, Brenda K. Edwards

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND: Annual updates on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States are provided through collaboration between the American Cancer Society (ACS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR). This year’s report highlights the increased cancer risk associated with excess weight (overweight or obesity) and lack of sufficient physical activity (<150 minutes of physical activity per week).

METHODS: Data on cancer incidence were obtained from the CDC, NCI, and NAACCR; data on cancer deaths were obtained from the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics. Annual percent changes in …

Exploration Of Weight Gain In Female Breast Cancer Survivors, Mary Kay Johnson

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Breast cancer is no longer a guaranteed death sentence. Many women today can look forward to a long and healthy life after treatment for breast cancer. However, weight gain is an ongoing, distressing and common problem for women treated for breast cancer. The primary purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about the phenomena of weight gain in females treated for breast cancer. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a natural setting. Sample: Electronic medical records for 100 female breast cancer survivors who visited a private suburban medical oncology clinic for treatment and/or on-going follow-up for a breast …

Modulation Of Anti-Tumor Immune Response By Tgf-Β-Inducible Early Gene 1 (Tieg1), Andi Cani

Wayne State University Theses

Cancer immunotherapy has had limited clinical efficacy partly because regulatory T cells (Treg) suppress the immune response to tumor-associated antigens. Inducible regulatory T cells (iTreg), which are converted from naïve CD4 T cells by TGF-β, an abundant cytokine in the tumor microenvironment, may contribute to this immune suppression. Induction of Foxp3 by TGF-β is mediated by the transcription factor TIEG1 and abrogation of this protein prevents Foxp3 expression. We are testing the hypothesis that blockade of TIEG1 to prevent iTreg conversion will enhance immune response in DNA vaccination to the tumor associated antigen Her-2. Wild type and TIEG1 knockout mice …

Genetics And Cancer, Sachin Puri

A with Honors Projects

Genes' effect in body and relationship with cancer. Role in cell cycle and angiogenesis.

Impact Of Cancer-Specific Advance Care Planning On Anxiety, Decisional Conflict, And Surrogate Understanding Of Patient Treatment Preferences, Lynn Waser

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Patients with life-limiting cancer and their families face unique challenges that interfere with their ability to make decisions or adequately express their health care preferences about end of life (EOL) treatment. As a result, patients at EOL often receive aggressive unwanted treatment that nationally costs billions of dollars and results in surrogate distress about not honoring patient wishes. Respecting Choices® DS-ACP is a disease-specific Advance Care Planning (ACP) intervention that is designed to overcome barriers associated with ACP and potentially decrease the incidence of unwanted, overly aggressive treatments at EOL. The intervention is delivered to patient-surrogate dyads by a trained …

The Impact Of Community Health Centers On Prostate Cancer Screening Behaviors Of African American Males: A Mixed Methods Study, Michael C. Taylor

All ETDs from UAB

THE IMPACT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS ON PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING BEHAVIORS OF AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES: A MIXED METHODS STUDY MICHAEL C. TAYLOR UAB SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR ABSTRACT Federally qualified community health centers have a significant impact upon uninsured and low income populations in the United States by providing low cost primary care and preventive services. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to determine the impact of community health centers (CHCs) on African American males' prostate cancer screening behavior in a major Southern city. A sequential explanatory mixed method model was used to assess …

The Role Of Notch Receptors And Ligands In Regulation Of Immune Responses, Gerard F. Hoyne

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Notch signalling has an important role in the immune system in directing cell fate decisions in a range of diverse cell types. We are beginning to obtain a better understanding of the roles that the different Notch ligands and receptors play in both cellular differentiation of precursor cells and the regulation of immune responses by mature lymphocytes in the periphery. This review will examine the key findings that have emerged in relation to function of Notch in differentiation of T cells, B cells and dendritic cells and how modulation of Notch signalling seems to have potential for therapeutic applications in …

Patients With Cancer And Family Caregivers: Management Of Symptoms Caused By Cancer Or Cancer Therapy At Home, Daniela M. Hazelwood, Sabine Koeck, Martin Wallner, Kathryn H. Anderson, Hanna Mayer

Nursing: Faculty Publications

People are diagnosed with cancer sooner nowadays thanks to increased awareness and improvements in cancer screenings. Patients are able to live longer due to cancer treatment regimens; however, they suffer the consequences of living with cancer and therapy-related symptoms. Symptom management is challenging for both patients and family caregivers. Therefore, family members must be integrated in the patient’s care plan. For this review, a literature search was conducted to determine what types of interventions were available that involved family members of cancer patients with the management of cancer and therapy-related symptoms. The following interventions were found that were designed for …

Nine Months, Esther Lim

Dissertations and Theses

This is a collection of short stories that traces a chronological movement through one family's experience of the mother's illness. Each piece in the collection is meant to be an independent, free-standing short story. Each story is different, told from distinctive points-of-view, angles, and voices. However, every story covers a span of time within the nine months of the family's experience, in the presented order, as part of a collective movement toward the core. All together, the pieces hope to reflect a mosaic of sorts--one that tells a story that cannot otherwise be told.

Chemotherapy: The Physiological Cost Of A Cure, Megan Ellis

A with Honors Projects

This project focuses on the common long term side effects of cancer treatments, apart from cure. In addition to physiological function changes, it focuses on the chemical composition of chemotherapy drugs.

Thermosensitive Magnetic Nanoparticles For Self-Controlled Hyperthermia Cancer Treatment, Karen S. Martirosyan

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Magnetic nanoparticles show remarkable phenomena such as superparamagnetism, high field irreversibility and high saturation magnetization [1]. The study of magnetic nanoparticles has been a very active research field due to many important applications such as drug delivery, imaging and hyperthermia cancer treatment [2]. Hyperthermia has been used for many years to treat a wide variety of tumors in patients and used as well as an adjunct to cancer radiotherapy or chemotherapy [3,4]. Its use is based on the fact that tumor cells are more sensitive to temperature in the range of 42–45°C (which yields necrosis, coagulation, or carbonization) than normal …