Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Computationally Restoring The Potency Of A Clinical Antibody Against Omicron, Thomas A Desautels, Suzanne M Scheaffer, Bradley Whitener, James B Case, Larissa B Thackray, Michael S Diamond, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the promise of monoclonal antibody-based prophylactic and therapeutic drugs

Sars-Cov-2 Viral Load In The Nasopharynx At Time Of First Infection Among Unvaccinated Individuals: A Secondary Cross-Protocol Analysis Of 4 Randomized Trials, Leigh H Fisher, Jia Jin Kee, Albert Liu, Claudia M Espinosa, April K Randhawa, James Ludwig, Craig A Magaret, Samuel T Robinson, Peter B Gilbert, Ollivier Hyrien, James G Kublin, Nadine Rouphael, Ann R Falsey, Magdalena E Sobieszczyk, Hana M El Sahly, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Glenda E Gray, Karen L Kotloff, Cynthia L Gay, Brett Leav, Ian Hirsch, Frank Struyf, Lisa M Dunkle, Kathleen M Neuzil, Lawrence Corey, Yunda Huang, Paul A Goepfert, Stephen R Walsh, Lindsey R Baden, Holly Janes, Covid-19 Prevention Network (Covpn)

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: SARS-CoV-2 viral load (VL) in the nasopharynx is difficult to quantify and standardize across settings, but it may inform transmission potential and disease severity.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize VL at COVID-19 diagnosis among previously uninfected and unvaccinated individuals by evaluating the association of demographic and clinical characteristics, viral variant, and trial with VL, as well as the ability of VL to predict severe disease.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This secondary cross-protocol analysis used individual-level data from placebo recipients from 4 harmonized, phase 3 COVID-19 vaccine efficacy trials sponsored by Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax. Participants were SARS-CoV-2 negative at baseline …

Observational Analysis For Predicting Initial Spikes In Testing Volume Of Cohorts Inside And Outside Of A Regional Covid-19 Screening Program, Adam M. Franks, Seth Bergeron, Tammy Bannister, Justin Spradling, Tamara Lowe, Paris Johnson, Rajan Lamichhane, Stephen M. Petrany

Marshall Journal of Medicine

BACKGROUND Containing the highly contagious SARs-CoV-2 pathogen requires a safe and effective screening program. The aim of this observational cohort study is to analyze a regional testing center and identify factors predicting testing rates that direct supply and staffing needs.

METHODS A drive-through SAR-CoV-2 regional testing facility was created. Number of tests and positive results were collected for eighteen months. Data for testing demand was compared to positive results, percent positive rates (PPR), known external factors, and county PPR. Dissimilarities were contrasted with dynamic time warp and a detailed agreement analysis. The Grainger’s test was utilized to assess the degree …

Covid-19 In The Setting Of Hiv And Severe Hemophilia A: A Case Report, Ryan Wilson, Chae Ko, Rahul Kashyap

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Introduction

A hyperactive immune response is the driving force behind severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Complications of severe COVID-19 include acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute respiratory failure, and increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The management of patients with COVID-19 includes respiratory support, decreasing immune response to the virus to prevent the progression of disease, and anticoagulation to prevent VTE.

Case Presentation

We present the case of a patient with a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hemophilia A admitted with COVID-19. This case demonstrates the difficulties present when managing COVID-19 in patients with specific comorbidities. Anticoagulation is a …

Ischemic Colitis In A Middle-Aged Man With Covid-19: Case Report And Review Of Literature, Lara Appiah, Subhasis Misra, Stephen Jones

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Introduction

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was a pandemic that began in 2019 and continues to have morbid and deadly consequences throughout the world. During the beginning of the pandemic, many considered older adults and immunocompromised younger adults to be the only populations at risk for the severe consequences of COVID-19. Throughout the pandemic, this was proven wrong with several case reports and studies showing that relatively younger adults can also suffer serious consequences from this perplexing virus.

Case Presentation

We report a rare case of ischemic colitis in a 42-year-old obese man who presented to the emergency department with quintessential …

Opioid-Related Emergency Department Visits Before And During Covid-19: Association With Community-Level Factors, Timothy F. Page, Weiwei Chen, François Sainfort, Julie A. Jacko

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between community-level variables and emergency department (ED) visit rates before and during COVID-19. The focus was on opioid-related ED visits. Despite large declines in overall ED visits during COVID-19, opioid-related visits increased. While visits for avoidable conditions decreased, the opposite was true for opioid-related visits.

Methods

We combined data from Florida EDs with community-level variables from the 2020 American Community Survey. The outcome measures of the study were quarterly ZIP code tabulation-area-level ED visit rates for opioid-related ED visits as well as visit rates for all other causes. Associations …

Drivers Of Being Unhoused And The Prevalence Of Health Conditions Among Unhoused Individuals In Asheville, Nc, Andrea K. Yontz, Amber Beane, Tessa Frank, Amy Upham, Dustin V. Patil, Dan Pizzo, Steve Buie, Jacqueline R. Halladay

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in the number of unhoused individuals in Asheville, North Carolina resulting in more tent encampments.

Understanding the physical, mental, and socially determined health characteristics associated with being unhoused can help guide stakeholders with policy development, healthcare program planning, and funding decisions to support unhoused individuals.

Methods

In this study, we used an observational cross-section methodology. Using a convenience sample approach, we interviewed 101 participants who were receiving services from 2 emergency hotel shelters, a day center, and a resource center. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and open-ended responses were collected …

Evaluation Of The Efficacy Of Remdesivir For The Treatment Of Coronavirus Disease 2019, Alexandra Flannery, Anastasia Knecht, Koravangala Sundaresh

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has accounted for more than 1 000 000 deaths in the United States alone. In May 2020, the Food and Drug Administration issued an Emergency Use Authorization to allow the investigational use of intravenous remdesivir for the treatment of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in hospitalized children and adults. Several other agents, such as hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone, and tocilizumab have been investigated as potential treatment options; however, dexamethasone is currently the only agent that has been proven to reduce mortality in patients who require supplemental oxygen. The purpose of this study …

Investigation Of The Effect Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Anxiety Levels And Career Satisfaction Of Dentistry Students, Furkan Kır, Ata Batuhan Bayrak, Mediha Büyükgöze-Dindar

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anxiety levels and career satisfaction of dentistry students. Methods: A total of 220 dentistry students were included in the study. A questionnaire was mailed to dentistry students at Trakya University between June 2021 and January 2022. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to evaluate anxiety levels. Data were analyzed, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean BAI scores of the participants were 14.6 ± 13.6. The anxiety levels of the females were significantly higher than the males (p = 0.004). There was a significant relationship …

Association Of School Instructional Mode With Community Covid-19 Incidence During August–December 2020 In Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Pauline D. Terebuh, Jeffrey M. Albert, Jacqueline W. Curtis, Kurt C. Stange, Jill E. Miracle, Wail Yar, Prakash R. Ganesh, Heidi L. Gullett, Johnie Rose

Faculty Scholarship

Remote and hybrid modes of instruction were employed as alternatives to in-person instruction as part of early mitigation efforts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the impact of a public school district’s instructional mode on cumulative incidence and transmission in the surrounding community by employing a generalized estimating equations approach to estimate the association with weekly COVID-19 case counts by zip code in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, from August to December 2020. Remote instruction only (RI) was employed by 7 of 20 school districts; 13 used some non-remote instruction (NRI) (2–15 weeks). Weekly incidence increased in all zip codes …

Sars-Cov-2 Omicron: Viral Evolution, Immune Evasion, And Alternative Durable Therapeutic Strategies, Hailong Guo, Sha Ha, Jason W Botten, Kai Xu, Ningyan Zhang, Zhiqiang An, William R Strohl, John W Shiver, Tong-Ming Fu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Since the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus has gained dominance worldwide, its continual evolution with unpredictable mutations and patterns has revoked all authorized immunotherapeutics. Rapid viral evolution has also necessitated several rounds of vaccine updates in order to provide adequate immune protection. It remains imperative to understand how Omicron evolves into different subvariants and causes immune escape as this could help reevaluate the current intervention strategies mostly implemented in the clinics as emergency measures to counter the pandemic and, importantly, develop new solutions. Here, we provide a review focusing on the major events of Omicron viral evolution, including the features of spike …

The Impact Of Telemedicine On Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv)-Related Clinical Outcomes During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Avery Lin Cox, Daniel Tsang, Lisa A. Spacek, Constantine Daskalakis, Dagan Coppock

Division of Infectious Diseases and Environmental Medicine Faculty Papers

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exacerbated barriers to care for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH). The quick uptake of telemedicine in the outpatient setting provided promise for care continuity. In this study, we compared appointment and laboratory no-show rates in an urban outpatient HIV clinic during three time periods: (1) Pre-COVID-19: 9/15/2019-3/14/2020 (predominately in-person), (2) "Early" COVID-19: 3/15/2020-9/14/2020 (predominately telemedicine), and (3) "Later" COVID-19: 9/15/2020-3/14/2021 (mixed in-person/telemedicine). Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated the two study hypotheses: (i) equivalence of Period 2 with Period 1 and of Period 3 with Period 1 and (ii) improved outcomes …

Implications Of Face Mask Usage On Diverse Populations: Challenges And Considerations, Simaporn Promsarn, Walaiporn Wongsrisakunkaew

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of face mask usage as a preventive measure against viral transmission. Extensive studies have confirmed the efficacy of face masks in curtailing respiratory infections caused by viruses, including influenza and COVID-19. The significance of consistent face mask implementation over extended periods has become evident, particularly in high-risk environments such as healthcare facilities and public spaces. Despite their effectiveness, it is imperative to acknowledge the potential challenges and side effects that different populations may experience during prolonged mask usage. This comprehensive review examines the implications of face mask usage across diverse groups, encompassing healthy …

Sars-Cov-2 Omicron Ba.1 Variant Infection Of Human Colon Epithelial Cells, Avan Antia, David M Alvarado, Qiru Zeng, Luis A Casorla-Perez, Deanna L Davis, Naomi M Sonnek, Matthew A Ciorba, Siyuan Ding

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, characterized by multiple subvariants including BA.1, XBB.1.5, EG.5, and JN.1, became the predominant strain in early 2022. Studies indicate that Omicron replicates less efficiently in lung tissue compared to the ancestral strain. However, the infectivity of Omicron in the gastrointestinal tract is not fully defined, despite the fact that 70% of COVID-19 patients experience digestive disease symptoms. Here, using primary human colonoids, we found that, regardless of individual variability, Omicron infects colon cells similarly or less effectively than the ancestral strain or the Delta variant. The variant induced limited type III interferon expression and showed …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On Parish Nursing In Germany, Phyllis A. Solari-Twadell Phd, Mpa, Rn, Faan, Angela Glaser

International Journal of Faith Community Nursing

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020/2021 had an impact globally on churches and the ministry of Parish Nurses. This article presents a brief historical overview of Germany, the uniqueness of the church in Germany, and parish nursing in Germany which is called vis-a- vis. The ministry of parish nursing in Germany is considered in light of the impact on the nursing profession and the demands created by COVID-19 within German society and the church in Germany.

Creating A Best Practice Model For Reopening Parish Nurse Sites Post-Pandemic, Mary Lynne Knighten Dnp, Rn, Nea-Bc

International Journal of Faith Community Nursing

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic brought many changes to the healthcare delivery system. Parish nurses, faith community nurses, and congregational nurses found their practice frequently adapting to comply with government issued restrictions and the changing needs of the community. QueensCare Health & Faith Partnership (QHFP), a parish nurse program which is part of QueensCare, a non-profit public benefit corporation, and St. Dominic Catholic Church in Los Angeles, California designed a replicable model for safely reopening parish nurse sites. QHFP provides supportive healthcare services and case management services at no charge to underserved and vulnerable populations in cooperation with numerous churches, temples, …

Durability Of Original Monovalent Mrna Vaccine Effectiveness Against Covid-19 Omicron-Associated Hospitalization In Children And Adolescents - United States, 2021-2023., Laura D. Zambrano, Margaret M. Newhams, Regina M. Simeone, Amanda B. Payne, Michael Wu, Amber O. Orzel-Lockwood, Natasha B. Halasa, Jemima M. Calixte, Pia S. Pannaraj, Kanokporn Mongkolrattanothai, Julie A Boom, Leila C Sahni, Satoshi Kamidani, Kathleen Chiotos, Melissa A Cameron, Aline B Maddux, Katherine Irby, Jennifer E. Schuster, Elizabeth H. Mack, Austin Biggs, Bria M. Coates, Kelly N. Michelson, Katherine E. Bline, Ryan A. Nofziger, Hillary Crandall, Charlotte V. Hobbs, Shira J. Gertz, Sabrina M. Heidemann, Tamara T. Bradford, Tracie C. Walker, Stephanie P. Schwartz, Mary Allen Staat, Samina S. Bhumbra, Janet R. Hume, Michele Kong, Melissa S. Stockwell, Thomas J. Connors, Melissa L. Cullimore, Heidi R. Flori, Emily R. Levy, Natalie Z. Cvijanovich, Matt S. Zinter, Mia Maamari, Cindy Bowens, Danielle M. Zerr, Judith A. Guzman-Cottrill, Ivan Gonzalez, Angela P. Campbell, Adrienne G. Randolph, Overcoming Covid-19 Investigators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Pediatric COVID-19 vaccination is effective in preventing COVID-19-related hospitalization, but duration of protection of the original monovalent vaccine during SARS-CoV-2 Omicron predominance merits evaluation, particularly given low coverage with updated COVID-19 vaccines. During December 19, 2021-October 29, 2023, the Overcoming COVID-19 Network evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of ≥2 original monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine doses against COVID-19-related hospitalization and critical illness among U.S. children and adolescents aged 5-18 years, using a case-control design. Too few children and adolescents received bivalent or updated monovalent vaccines to separately evaluate their effectiveness. Most case-patients (persons with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result) were unvaccinated, despite …

Reducing Sexually Transmitted Infection In African American Teenage Adolescents: Developing A Culturally Competent Health Program For Underserved Communities, Brandolyn I. Burks

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Proper education and programming can help reduce Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescents. This research aimed to help lay the framework for determining ways to ensure African American young adult adolescents aged 18–19 years have the necessary information and resources to make healthy decisions regarding their sex lives and experiences. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to understand what lived experiences and gaps of knowledge contribute to the contracting of STIs to develop a culturally competent health program to reduce the high rate of infections among African American 18–19-year-old adolescents living in underserved communities. The theory guiding this …

The Differences In Covid-19 Infection Rates: An Examination Of Residential Care Communities (Rccs), Han Yang

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Infection control practices (ICPs) are crucial for maintaining the health and safety of residents in a residential care community (RCC). This paper examines the differences in COVID-19 infection rates and cases based on the characteristics of RCCs, such as ICPs, personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages, ownership type (for-profit vs. nonprofit), census regions, and RCC size. While ICPs contribute significantly to preventing and controlling the highly contagious virus, a comprehensive program is encouraged to provide a targeted intervention based on RCC’s environmental factors. The importance of the characteristics of the RCCs must be considered in combing with the ICPs to enhance …

Proportion Of Cancer Cases And Deaths Attributable To Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors In Peru, Jhony A De La Cruz-Vargas, Willy Ramos, Willer Chanduví, Lucy E Correa-López, Nadia Guerrero, Joan Loayza-Castro, Irene Tami-Maury, Diego Venegas

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Limited evidence exists on the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer cases and deaths in Latin America. In Peru several studies have been published regarding the PAF of various risk factors and their associated diseases. The objective of this study was to estimate the fraction of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in Peru in 2018, before the COVID-19 pandemic in the population of 15 years old and older.

METHODS: An ecological study was conducted using the prevalence of exposure of the Peruvian population to modifiable risk factors for cancer, the relative risk associated with …

Refractory Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria After Heterologous Covid-19 Booster Vaccination, Miranda Crista Tomaras, Leah Michelle Douglas, Rosa Michelle Schmidt, Maria Suzanne Bloomquist, Abdul Hafeez Diwan, Soo Jung Kim

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) involves recurrent, pruritic wheals lasting more than 6 weeks in response to various etiologies, including unknown causality. Though most cutaneous reactions to the COVID-19 vaccine series are self-limited and of short duration, more complex presentations including chronic spontaneous urticaria have been described. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of chronic spontaneous urticaria following heterologous mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccination that includes vaccination with both forms of the mRNA vaccine. Our patient received Pfizer-BioNTech for the primary series and Moderna for the booster. After failing several therapies, our patient's urticaria was refractory even …

Water, Sanitation, And Hygiene Infrastructure And Resources In Schools In Belize During The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2021-2023, Anh N Ly, Kelsey Mcdavid, Christina Craig, Dian Maheia, Yolanda Gongora, Alexandra Medley, Francis Morey, Russell Manzanero, Gerhaldine Morazan, Allison Lino, Vickie Romero, Rosalva Blanco, Kanako Ishida, Matthew Lozier, Kristy O Murray

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) resources in schools is critical for disease prevention and control, especially during public health emergencies. In Belize, systematic, national data on WASH in schools are needed to inform public health decisions and interventions. From December 2021 to January 2022, a national survey was sent electronically to government and government-aided primary and secondary schools in Belize (N = 308) to gather information on WASH services. From the survey, 12 pilot schools were selected based on the highest self-reported need for WASH resources to participate in additional evaluation and intervention, which included environmental nudges, supplemental …

Understanding Vaccine Hesitancy: An Analysis Of Caregiver Influences On Pediatric Covid-19 Vaccination Decisions, Neiki Rokni, Shu Zhao Md, Matthew Nguyen, David Liu, Harrison Jordan Do, Jory Parson, Sidharth Sahni Do, Tanner Walsh Md, Ashley Henderson Md, Jennifer Higgins Md

Tower Health Research Day

No abstract provided.

Beyond The Classroom Walls: Stakeholder Experiences With Remote Instruction In Post Rn Baccalaureate Nursing Program During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Inquiry, Laila Akber Cassum, Arusa Mansoor, Saima Sachwani, Zeenar Salim, Ridah Feroz, Shanaz Cassum

School of Nursing & Midwifery

The COVID-19 pandemic led to the closure of educational campuses and the suspension of conventional classroom teaching globally and locally, and many switched overnight to an online modality. The change was experienced differently by varied audiences, given the availability of resources. The study aimed to examine stakeholders' experiences of emergency remote instructions in the Post-RN Baccalaureate Nursing Program during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative descriptive exploratory design with a purposive sampling technique was used at a private nursing university in Karachi, Pakistan. Focus group discussions with students and faculty were conducted separately, while in-depth interviews with key informants were held …

Monoclonal Antibodies Vs. Symptomatic Treatment Of Hospitalized Patients With Covid-19, Robert White

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

The SARS-CoV-2 virus, or COVID-19, was the virus responsible for the worldwide pandemic declared in March, 2020. Individuals can experience a wide variety of symptoms ranging from fever, fatigue, cough, and, in more severe cases, hypoxia requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Until recently, symptomatic care was the protocol for patients infected with COVID- 19. The use of oxygen for mild hypoxia and antipyretics for fevers was considered the standard of care (SOC). The use of antiviral medications, such as monoclonal antibodies, has been proposed in the treatment of acute COVID-19 infection. The purpose of this literature review is to determine …

When Governors Prioritize Individual Freedom Over Public Health: Tort Liability For Government Failures, Barbara Pfeffer Billauer Jd, Ma, Phd

Journal of Law and Health

Over half the states have enacted laws diminishing or curtailing the rights of the executive branch (legislatures or governors) to enact laws to preserve, protect, or safeguard public health in the wake of the COVID-19 emergency. Governor DeSantis, of Florida, for example, effectively banned mask mandates in schools during the high point of the epidemic – based on flawed science and erroneous data – and now wants to make that response permanent. The rules effectuating this Executive Order were enacted under an emergency order finding a threat to public health. Nevertheless, the response promulgated by the Florida Department of Health …

Potential Impact Of Annual Vaccination With Reformulated Covid-19 Vaccines: Lessons From The Us Covid-19 Scenario Modeling Hub, Sung-Mok Jung, Sara L Loo, Emily Howerton, Lucie Contamin, Claire P Smith, Erica C Carcelén, Katie Yan, Samantha J Bents, John Levander, Jessi Espino, Joseph C Lemaitre, Koji Sato, Clifton D Mckee, Alison L Hill, Matteo Chinazzi, Jessica T Davis, Kunpeng Mu, Alessandro Vespignani, Erik T Rosenstrom, Sebastian A Rodriguez-Cartes, Julie S Ivy, Maria E Mayorga, Julie L Swann, Guido España, Sean Cavany, Sean M Moore, T Alex Perkins, Shi Chen, Rajib Paul, Daniel Janies, Jean-Claude Thill, Ajitesh Srivastava, Majd Al Aawar, Kaiming Bi, Shraddha Ramdas Bandekar, Anass Bouchnita, Spencer J Fox, Lauren Ancel Meyers, Przemyslaw Porebski, Srini Venkatramanan, Aniruddha Adiga, Benjamin Hurt, Brian Klahn, Joseph Outten, Jiangzhuo Chen, Henning Mortveit, Amanda Wilson, Stefan Hoops, Parantapa Bhattacharya, Dustin Machi, Anil Vullikanti, Bryan Lewis, Madhav Marathe, Harry Hochheiser, Michael C Runge, Katriona Shea, Shaun Truelove, Cécile Viboud, Justin Lessler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause significant hospitalizations and deaths in the United States. Its continued burden and the impact of annually reformulated vaccines remain unclear. Here, we present projections of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in the United States for the next 2 years under 2 plausible assumptions about immune escape (20% per year and 50% per year) and 3 possible CDC recommendations for the use of annually reformulated vaccines (no recommendation, vaccination for those aged 65 years and over, vaccination for all eligible age groups based on FDA approval).

METHODS AND FINDINGS: The COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub …

Transitioning From An In-Person Intervention To Augmented Text Messaging During Covid-19 In Mexican Americans With Prediabetes: The Starr County Diabetes Prevention Randomized Clinical Trial, Sharon A Brown, Mary A Winter, Heather A Becker, Alexandra A García, Mary M Velasquez, Hirofumi Tanaka, William B Perkison, Eric L Brown, David Aguilar, Craig L Hanis

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to explore the feasibility of using commonly available technology, such as text messaging, for diabetes prevention in rural Mexican American communities during COVID-19.

METHODS: Participants were selected from a diabetes prevention study funded by the National Institutes of Health that, prior to COVID-19, involved in-person group intervention sessions. Participants were predominantly female adults born in Mexico and Spanish-speaking. A subsample (n = 140) was divided into 3 cohorts: (1) 50 who completed the initial in-person intervention prior to the COVID-19 research pause, (2) 60 who needed additional support sessions to complete the intervention …

Maintaining Program Fidelity In A Changing World: National Implementation Of A School-Based Hiv Prevention Program, Elizabeth Schieber, Lynette Deveaux, Lesley Cotrell, Xiaoming Li, Stephenie C Lemon, Arlene S Ash, Karen Macdonell, Samiran Ghosh, Maxwell Poitier, Glenda Rolle, Sylvie Naar, Bo Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Large-scale, evidence-based interventions face challenges to program fidelity of implementation. We developed implementation strategies to support teachers implementing an evidence-based HIV prevention program in schools, Focus on Youth in The Caribbean (FOYC) and Caribbean Informed Parents and Children Together (CImPACT) in The Bahamas. We examined the effects of these implementation strategies on teachers' implementation in the subsequent year after the initial implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from 79 Grade 6 teachers in 24 government elementary schools. Teachers completed training workshops and a pre-implementation questionnaire to record their characteristics and perceptions that might affect their program fidelity. School …

Large-Scale Phenotyping Of Patients With Long Covid Post-Hospitalization Reveals Mechanistic Subtypes Of Disease, Felicity Liew, Claudia Efstathiou, Sara Fontanella, Matthew Richardson, Ruth Saunders, Dawid Swieboda, Jasmin K Sidhu, Stephanie Ascough, Shona C Moore, Noura Mohamed, Jose Nunag, Clara King, Olivia C Leavy, Omer Elneima, Hamish J C Mcauley, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Marco Sereno, Victoria C Harris, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Neil J Greening, Nazir I Lone, Matthew Thorpe, A A Roger Thompson, Sarah L Rowland-Jones, Annemarie B Docherty, James D Chalmers, Ling-Pei Ho, Alexander Horsley, Betty Raman, Krisnah Poinasamy, Michael Marks, Onn Min Kon, Luke S Howard, Daniel G Wootton, Jennifer K Quint, Thushan I De Silva, Antonia Ho, Christopher Chiu, Ewen M Harrison, William Greenhalf, J Kenneth Baillie, Malcolm G Semple, Lance Turtle, Rachael A Evans, Louise V Wain, Christopher Brightling, Ryan S Thwaites, Peter J M Openshaw, Phosp-Covid Collaborative Group, Isaric Investigators

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

One in ten severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections result in prolonged symptoms termed long coronavirus disease (COVID), yet disease phenotypes and mechanisms are poorly understood1. Here we profiled 368 plasma proteins in 657 participants ≥3 months following hospitalization. Of these, 426 had at least one long COVID symptom and 233 had fully recovered. Elevated markers of myeloid inflammation and complement activation were associated with long COVID. IL-1R2, MATN2 and COLEC12 were associated with cardiorespiratory symptoms, fatigue and anxiety/depression; MATN2, CSF3 and C1QA were elevated in gastrointestinal symptoms and C1QA was elevated in cognitive impairment. Additional markers …