Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Physical And Stressful Psychological Impacts Of Prolonged Personal Protective Equipment Use During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study, Giuseppe Candido, Costanza Tortù, Chiara Seghieri, Riccardo Tartaglia, Chiara Baglioni, Paolo Citti, Ida Marina Raciti, Micaela La Regina, Silvia Simonini, Moira Urbani, Chiara Parretti, Paul Barach

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for COVID-19 infected patients are exposed to stressful and traumatic events with potential for severe and sustained adverse mental and physical health consequences. Our aim was to assess the magnitude of physical and mental health outcomes of HCWs due to the prolonged use of personal protective equipment (PPE) treating COVID-19 patients.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study assessed the symptoms of stress, anxiety, insomnia, and psychological resilience using the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics (SAVE) scale, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Resilience Scale (RS), respectively, in Italy between 1st February and 31st March 2022. The physical …

An Epidemic Model With Time Delays Determined By The Infectivity And Disease Durations, Masoud Saade, Samiran Ghosh, Malay Banerjee, Vitaly Volpert

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

We propose an epidemiological model with distributed recovery and death rates. It represents an integrodifferential system of equations for susceptible, exposed, infectious, recovered and dead compartments. This model can be reduced to the conventional ODE model under the assumption that recovery and death rates are uniformly distributed in time during disease duration. Another limiting case, where recovery and death rates are given by the delta-function, leads to a new point-wise delay model with two time delays corresponding to the infectivity period and disease duration. Existence and positiveness of solutions for the distributed delay model and point-wise delay model are proved. …

Innovative Strategy To Improve Enteral Nutrition In Prone Positioning With Patients With Covid-19., Jan Powers Phd, Rn, Ccrn, Janette Richardson, Jennifer Rechter Msn, Rn-Bc, Agcns-Bc

Nursing Publications, Posters, & Presentations

BACKGROUND: Enteral nutrition is essential to improve outcomes in patients who are critically ill. Patients in the prone position, including those diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present additional challenges for enteral nutrition initiation.

METHODS: A novel technique for placing feeding tubes while in the prone position was developed using an electromagnetic placement device and specialty trained clinical nurse specialists. Data were assessed retrospectively to determine effectiveness of this new practice.

RESULTS: Sixty-eight patients had feeding tubes placed while in the prone position; 75% were able to be placed through the postpyloric route, 22% were placed through the gastric route, …

Refugee Women’S Receptiveness For Virtual Engagement On Reproductive Health During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Heike Thiel De Bocanegra, Zahra Goliaei, Nossin Khan, Sereen Banna, Rawnaq Behnam, Sheila K Mody

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC Public Health Program

BACKGROUND: Refugee women who leave their country due to persecution and violence have multiple barriers to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. The COVID-19 pandemic added an additional barrier to in-person reproductive health education, dialogue, and clinical care. This study aimed to assess the potential of using virtual group meetings as a forum for refugee women to learn about and discuss reproductive health concerns such as cervical cancer screening, family planning, childbirth, and postpartum care.

METHOD: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 36 refugee women and stakeholders to assess factors that impact refugee women's receptiveness for virtual platforms to obtain information …

Nanoparticle Approaches For The Renin-Angiotensin System, Sajini D. Hettiarachchi, Young M. Kwon, Yadollah Omidi, Robert C. Speth

HPD Articles

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal cascade that contributes to several disorders: systemic hypertension, heart failure, kidney disease, and neurodegenerative disease. Activation of the RAS can promote inflammation and fibrosis. Drugs that target the RAS can be classified into 3 categories, AT1 angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and renin inhibitors. The therapeutic efficacy of current RAS-inhibiting drugs is limited by poor penetration across the blood-brain barrier, low bioavailability, and to some extent, short half-lives. Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems (DDSs) are possible emerging alternatives to overcome such limitations. Nanoparticles are ideally 1-100 nm in size and are …

Incidence Of Chronic Kidney Disease Following Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 Based On South Carolina Statewide Data, Roy O. Mathew, Jiajia Zhang Ph.D., Xueying Yang, Shujie Chen, Bankole Olatosi Ph.D., Xiaoming Li Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was associated with severe acute illness including multiple organ failure. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was a common finding, often requiring dialysis support.

Objective: Define the incidence of new clinically identified chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with COVID-19 and no pre-existing kidney disease.

Design Participants: The South Carolina (SC) Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) COVID-19 mandatory reporting registry of SC residents testing for COVID-19 between March 2020 and October 2021 was included.

Design Main Measures: The primary outcome was a new incidence of a CKD diagnosis (N18.x) in those without a pre-existing diagnosis …

Comparison Of Female Ovarian Reserve Before Vs After Covid-19 Vaccination, Liubin Yang, Samantha Neal, Tiffany Lee, Andrew Chou, Amy K Schutt, William Gibbons

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

This cohort study examines the association of COVID-19 vaccination with levels of anti-Mullerian hormone and antral follicle count in women seeking fertility treatment.

Bovine Lactoferrin For The Prevention Of Covid-19 Infection In Health Care Personnel: A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial (Lf-Covid), Rafaella Navarro, Jose Luis Paredes, Lourdes Tucto, Carlos Medina, Eddie Angles-Yanqui, Juan Carlos Nario, Jorge Ruiz-Cabrejos, Juan Luis Quintana, Kevin Turpo-Espinoza, Fernando Mejia-Cordero, Meylin Aphang-Lam, Jorge Florez, Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar, Theresa Jean Ochoa

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Lactoferrin (LF) has in vitro antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to determine the effect of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care personnel. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in two tertiary hospitals that provide care to patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Lima, Peru. Daily supplementation with 600 mg of enteral bLF versus placebo for 90 days was compared. Participants were weekly screened for symptoms suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection and molecular testing was performed on suspected episodes. A serological test was obtained from all participants …

Stool-Based Tests Mitigate Impacts Of Covid-19 On Colorectal Cancer Screening, Po-Hong Liu, Amit G Singal, Caitlin C Murphy

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Examining The Determinants Of Timeliness In Crises Policy Responses: The Case Of Covid-19 In Egypt, Abdelhalim Abdalla

Theses and Dissertations

Timely responses to crises and pandemics play a significant role in navigating and minimizing the adverse impacts of such critical periods on the public and governments worldwide. COVID-19 could show and prove how a single virus originating in a single country can rapidly spread throughout the world, transforming an epidemic in China into a global pandemic. The virus caused more than 6.5 million deaths and around 660 million confirmed cases worldwide, according to the WHO, and sparked the worst economic catastrophe globally in more than a century, as estimated by the World Bank. Evidence suggests that the extent of the …

The Impact Of Covid-19 Mitigation Measures On Sexual And Reproductive Health In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Rapid Review, Elizabeth Ochola, Maheshwari Andhavarapu, Poppy Sun, Abdu Mohiddin, Ferdinand Okwaro, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Pandemic mitigation measures can have a negative impact on access and provision of essential healthcare services including sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. This rapid review looked at the literature on the impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on SRH and gender-based violence (GBV) on women in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) using WHO rapid review guidance. We looked at relevant literature published in the English language from January 2020 to October 2021 from LMICs using WHO rapid review methods. A total of 114 articles were obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar and grey literature of which 20 met the eligible criteria. …

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Lockdown On Retinopathy Of Prematurity Screening And Management In The United States: A Multicenter Study, Shefali Sood, Mina M Naguib, David S Portney, Cagri G Besirli, Cole A Martin, C Armitage Harper, Maria P Fernandez, Audina M Berrocal, Polly A Quiram, Peter Belin, Noreen Clarke, Aaron Nagiel, Melissa Chandler, Christopher Bair, M Elizabeth Harnett, Vaidehi S Dedania

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: To study the effect of the pandemic-related lockdown (physical distance measures and movement restrictions) on the characteristics and management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods: In this controlled, multicenter cohort study, the medical records of patients born prematurely and screened for ROP in the neonatal intensive care unit during four time periods were reviewed retrospectively: (1) November 1, 2018, to March 15, 2019; (2) March 16, 2019, to August 2, 2019 (lockdown control period); (3) November 1, 2019, to March 15, 2020; and (4) March 16, 2020-August 2, 2020.

Results: A total of 1,645 patients met inclusion criteria. Among …

Implementation Of Post-Covid Conditions Management Utilizing Interprofessional Collaboration In A Multi-Facility Healthcare Organization, Jocelin Friedman, Christina Dhesi-Bawa, Kathleen Kennedy, Stephen Lee, Leona Hidalgo

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Background: The prevalence of Post-Covid Conditions (PCC) is estimated to affect 10-35% of infected individuals, with upwards of 85% of previously hospitalized individuals reporting prolonged effects. Literature indicates deficiencies in communication between healthcare providers which can negatively affect patients. Due to limited interprofessional communication, there was a scarcity of individuals with PCC receiving comprehensive therapy treatment on an outpatient basis. The multi-system nature of PCC was an indication for interprofessional collaboration and the development of workflows facilitating access to care.

Purpose: This qualitative study investigates the Post-COVID-19 Rehabilitation Program (PCRP) at a California, USA multi-facility healthcare system. The …

The Tgf-Β Superfamily As Potential Therapeutic Targets In Pancreatic Cancer, William A Grobman, Grecio J Sandoval, Torri D Metz, Tracy A Manuck, Rebecca G Clifton, Brenna L Hughes, George R Saade, Monica Longo, Amber Sowles, Kelly Clark, Hyagriv N Simhan, Dwight J Rouse, Hector Mendez-Figueroa, Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, Jennifer L Bailit, Maged M Costantine, Harish M Sehdev, Alan T N Tita, George A Macones

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether preterm birth rates changed in relation to the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and whether any change depended on socioeconomic status.

METHODS: This is an observational cohort study of pregnant individuals with a singleton gestation who delivered in the years 2019 and 2020 at 1 of 16 U.S. hospitals of the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. The frequency of preterm birth for those who delivered before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (ie, in 2019) was compared with that of those who delivered after its onset (ie, in 2020). Interaction analyses were performed for …

Stress Reactivity After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Relation With Behavioral Adjustment, Taiane De Azevedo Cardoso, Ritele H Silva, Jessica L Fernandes, Camila O Arent, Graziela Amboni, Laura A Borba, Alex Paulo Z Padilha, Maria Eduarda M Botelho, Amanda L Maciel, Tatiana Barichello, Rodrigo Morales, Silvio José B Soares, Margarete D Bagatini, Claudia Dallagnol, Marta Elisa Brighenti, Zuleide Maria Ignácio, João Quevedo, Luciane B Ceretta, Gislaine Z Réus

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Although many studies have pointed out a possible relationship between COVID-19 and the presence of psychiatric disorders, the majority of the studies have significant limitations. This study investigates the influence of COVID-19 infection on mental health.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study included an age- and sex-matched sample of adult individuals positive (cases) or negative (controls) for COVID-19. We evaluated the presence of psychiatric conditions and C-reactive protein (CRP).

RESULTS: Findings showed greater severity of depressive symptoms, higher levels of stress, and greater CRP in cases. The severity of depressive and insomnia symptoms, as well as the CRP were more remarkable …

Fighting The Obesity Pandemic During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jordan E Grubbs, Haley J Daigle, Megan Shepherd, Robert E Heidel, Kyle L Kleppe, Matthew L Mancini, Gregory J Mancini

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic created delays in surgical care. The population with obesity has a high risk of death from COVID-19. Prior literature shows the most effective way to combat obesity is by weight loss surgery. At different times throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, elective inpatient surgeries have been halted due to bed availability. Recognizing that major complications following bariatric surgery are extremely low (bleeding 0-4%, anastomotic leaks 0.8%), we felt outpatient bariatric surgery would be safe for low-risk patients. Complications such as DVT, PE, infection, and anastomotic leaks typically present after 7 days postoperatively, well outside the usual length of …

Coronary Artery Disease As An Independent Predictor Of Cardiovascular Mortality In Covid-19 Patients, Hywel Soney, Nathan Deron, Lucas Wang, Lawrence Hoang, Mujahed Abualfoul, Yi Zhao, Kristopher Aten, Victor Canela, Sri Prathivada, Michael Vu, Manavjot Sidhu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. However, little is known about the combined effect of coronary artery disease (CAD) and COVID-19 on mortality. We aimed to investigate the incidence of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in COVID-19 patients with CAD.

METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study identified 3,336 COVID-19 patients admitted between March and December 2020. Data points were manually reviewed in the patients' electronic health records. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess whether CAD and its subtypes were associated with mortality.

RESULTS: This study shows that CAD was not an independent predictor of …

An Integrated Cell Atlas Of The Lung In Health And Disease, Lisa Sikkema, Ciro Ramírez-Suástegui, Daniel C Strobl, Tessa E Gillett, Luke Zappia, Elo Madissoon, Nikolay S Markov, Laure-Emmanuelle Zaragosi, Yuge Ji, Meshal Ansari, Marie-Jeanne Arguel, Leonie Apperloo, Martin Banchero, Christophe Bécavin, Marijn Berg, Evgeny Chichelnitskiy, Mei-I Chung, Antoine Collin, Aurore C A Gay, Janine Gote-Schniering, Baharak Hooshiar Kashani, Kemal Inecik, Manu Jain, Theodore S Kapellos, Tessa M Kole, Sylvie Leroy, Christoph H Mayr, Amanda J Oliver, Michael Von Papen, Lance Peter, Chase J Taylor, Thomas Walzthoeni, Chuan Xu, Linh T Bui, Carlo De Donno, Leander Dony, Alen Faiz, Minzhe Guo, Austin J Gutierrez, Lukas Heumos, Ni Huang, Ignacio L Ibarra, Nathan D Jackson, Preetish Kadur Lakshminarasimha Murthy, Mohammad Lotfollahi, Tracy Tabib, Carlos Talavera-López, Kyle J Travaglini, Anna Wilbrey-Clark, Kaylee B Worlock, Masahiro Yoshida, Maarten Van Den Berge, Yohan Bossé, Tushar J Desai, Oliver Eickelberg, Naftali Kaminski, Mark A Krasnow, Robert Lafyatis, Marko Z Nikolic, Joseph E Powell, Jayaraj Rajagopal, Mauricio Rojas, Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen, Max A Seibold, Dean Sheppard, Douglas P Shepherd, Don D Sin, Wim Timens, Alexander M Tsankov, Jeffrey Whitsett, Yan Xu, Nicholas E Banovich, Pascal Barbry, Thu Elizabeth Duong, Christine S Falk, Kerstin B Meyer, Jonathan A Kropski, Dana Pe'er, Herbert B Schiller, Purushothama Rao Tata, Joachim L Schultze, Sara A Teichmann, Alexander V Misharin, Martijn C Nawijn, Malte D Luecken, Fabian J Theis

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Single-cell technologies have transformed our understanding of human tissues. Yet, studies typically capture only a limited number of donors and disagree on cell type definitions. Integrating many single-cell datasets can address these limitations of individual studies and capture the variability present in the population. Here we present the integrated Human Lung Cell Atlas (HLCA), combining 49 datasets of the human respiratory system into a single atlas spanning over 2.4 million cells from 486 individuals. The HLCA presents a consensus cell type re-annotation with matching marker genes, including annotations of rare and previously undescribed cell types. Leveraging the number and diversity …

Validation Of A Predictive Model For Hospital-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury With Emergence Of Sars-Cov-2 Variants, Meredith C Mcadams, Pin Xu, Michael Li, L Parker Gregg, Sameh N Saleh, Mauricio Ostrosky-Frid, Duwayne L Willett, Ferdinand Velasco, Christoph U Lehmann, S Susan Hedayati

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We previously developed and validated a model to predict acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and found that the variables with the highest importance included a history of chronic kidney disease and markers of inflammation. Here, we assessed model performance during periods when COVID-19 cases were attributable almost exclusively to individual variants. Electronic Health Record data were obtained from patients admitted to 19 hospitals. The outcome was hospital-acquired AKI. The model, previously built in an

Prognostic Value Of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Viral Load And Antibodies In Patients Hospitalized With Covid-19, Rebecca N Bauer, Anastasia Teterina, Haridha Shivram, Jacqueline Mcbride, Carrie M Rosenberger, Fang Cai, Min Bao, Larry Tsai, Oliver Gordon, Ivan T Lee, Jeffrey J Wallin, Danielle Porter, Kavita Juneja, Gregory Camus, Ivan O Rosas, Steffen Wildum

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Observational studies have identified the potential prognostic value for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, viral load in nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs produced inconsistent results in prognostic analyses, and the prognostic value of viral load or antibodies has not been confirmed in large clinical trials. COVACTA and REMDACTA were double-blind, randomized, controlled trials with a combined enrollment of 1078 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab or placebo in COVACTA or tocilizumab plus remdesivir or placebo plus remdesivir in REMDACTA. We assessed the potential prognostic value of NP and serum …

Using Telemedicine To Facilitate Patient Communication And Treatment Decision-Making Following Multidisciplinary Tumor Board Review For Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Debra T Choi, Yvonne H Sada, Shubhada Sansgiry, David E Kaplan, Tamar H Taddei, Jason K Aguilar, Michael Strayhorn, Ruben Hernaez, Jessica A Davila

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A rapid increase in the use of telemedicine for delivering healthcare has occurred since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. There is evidence for using telemedicine to facilitate cancer care delivery for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Examining how telemedicine can be used to communicate multidisciplinary tumor board (MTB) recommendations for HCC has not been studied. This study has two specific aims: (1) to evaluate the patient perspective of the MTB review process and identify best strategies for communicating treatment recommendations for HCC and (2) to pilot test a telemedicine intervention following MTB review to assess patient …

Factors, Enablers And Challenges For Covid-19 Vaccine Development, Jean-Louis Excler, Melanie Saville, Lois Privor-Dumm, Sarah Gilbert, Peter J Hotez, Didi Thompson, Salim Abdool-Karim, Jerome H Kim

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a sense of vulnerability and urgency that led to concerted actions by governments, funders, regulators and industry to overcome traditional challenges for the development of vaccine candidates and to reach authorisation. Unprecedented financial investments, massive demand, accelerated clinical development and regulatory reviews were among the key factors that contributed to accelerating the development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines. The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines benefited of previous scientific innovations such as mRNA and recombinant vectors and proteins. This has created a new era of vaccinology, with powerful platform technologies and a new model for vaccine development. …

Vaccine Access, Equity And Justice: Covid-19 Vaccines And Vaccination, Lois Privor-Dumm, Jean-Louis Excler, Sarah Gilbert, Salim S Abdool Karim, Peter J Hotez, Didi Thompson, Jerome H Kim

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Although significant progress has been made in achieving goals for COVID-19 vaccine access, the quest for equity and justice remains an unfinished agenda. Vaccine nationalism has prompted calls for new approaches to achieve equitable access and justice not only for vaccines but also for vaccination. This includes ensuring country and community participation in global discussions and that local needs to strengthen health systems, address issues related to social determinants of health, build trust and leverage acceptance to vaccines, are addressed. Regional vaccine technology and manufacturing hubs are promising approaches to address access challenges and must be integrated with efforts to …

Association Of Area Deprivation Index With Severity Of Covid-19 In Pediatric Patients: A Multisite Study Of Racially And Ethnically Diverse Children, Sebastian Acosta, Srinivasan Suresh, Anna K Ettinger, Fabio Savorgnan, Ananth Annapragada, Nirupama Kannikeswaran, Usha Sethuraman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Area deprivation index (ADI) is associated with the risk of severe COVID-19 in adults. However, this association has not been established in children. Information on ADI, demographics, clinical features, disease severity, and outcomes was analyzed for 3434 children with COVID-19. A multivariate logistic regression revealed that non-Hispanic Asians, extremes of weight, and higher ADI were associated with severe disease.

The Impact Of Covid-19 On A Large Pragmatic Clinical Trial Embedded In Primary Care, Sarah M Leatherman, Cynthia Hau, Alison Klint, Peter A Glassman, Addison A Taylor, Ryan E Ferguson, William C Cushman, Areef Ishani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic had significant impact on clinical care and clinical trial operations, but the impact on decentralized pragmatic trials is unclear. The Diuretic Comparison Project (DCP) is a Point-of Care (POC) pragmatic trial testing whether chlorthalidone is superior to hydrochlorothiazide in preventing major cardiovascular (CV) events and non-cancer death. DCP utilized telephone consent, data collection from the electronic health record and Medicare, forwent study visits, and limited provider commitment beyond usual care. We assessed the impact of COVID-19 on recruitment, follow-up, data collection, and outcome ascertainment in DCP.

METHODS: We compared data from two 8-month periods: Pre-Pandemic (July …

Cost-Effective Microscopic Draping: Covid-19 Umbrella, Yusif Hajiyev, Ronald J Vilela

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We describe a cost-effective solution to limit aerosol transmission to the surgeon and other personnel in the operating room during otologic surgery.

Pulse Oximetry And Arterial Saturation Difference In Pediatric Covid-19 Patients: Retrospective Analysis By Race, Fabio Savorgnan, Adel Hassan, Nirica Borges, Sebastian Acosta

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: Pulse oximetry (Sp o2 ) may overestimate arterial oxygen saturation (Sa o2 ) in blood laboratory testing. This study aimed to assess Sp o2 -Sa o2 difference in relation to race (i.e., patient self-reporting as Black or White), occult hypoxemia, and length of stay (LOS) in pediatric patients with COVID-19.

DESIGN: Single-center retrospective study in pediatric COVID-19 patients. We used multivariable linear regressions to examine the association between race and oximetry measurements and between occult hypoxemia and LOS. Oximetry bias was defined using Sp o2 and Sa o2 data according to approved comparisons. Occult hypoxemia was defined as Sp …

Biological Rhythms In Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness In An Observational Cohort Study Of 1.5 Million Patients, Guy Hazan, Or A. Duek, Hillel Alapi, Huram Mok, Alex Ganninger, Elaine Ostendorf, Carrie Gierasch, Gabriel Chodick, David Greenberg, Jeffrey A. Haspel

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUNDCircadian rhythms are evident in basic immune processes, but it is unclear if rhythms exist in clinical endpoints like vaccine protection. Here, we examined associations between COVID-19 vaccination timing and effectiveness.METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed a large Israeli cohort with timestamped COVID-19 vaccinations (n = 1,515,754 patients over 12 years old, 99.2% receiving BNT162b2). Endpoints included COVID-19 breakthrough infection and COVID-19-associated emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Our main comparison was among patients vaccinated during morning (800-1159 hours), afternoon (1200-1559 hours), or evening hours (1600-1959 hours). We employed Cox regression to adjust for differences in age, sex, and comorbidities.RESULTSBreakthrough infections differed based on …

Covid-19 Vaccines And The Pandemic: Lessons Learnt For Other Neglected Diseases And Future Threats, Peter J Hotez, Sarah Gilbert, Melanie Saville, Lois Privor-Dumm, Salim Abdool-Karim, Didi Thompson, Jean-Louis Excler, Jerome H Kim

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Through the experiences gained by accelerating new vaccines for both Ebola virus infection and COVID-19 in a public health emergency, vaccine development has benefited from a 'multiple shots on goal' approach to new vaccine targets. This approach embraces simultaneous development of candidates with differing technologies, including, when feasible, vesicular stomatitis virus or adenovirus vectors, messenger RNA (mRNA), whole inactivated virus, nanoparticle and recombinant protein technologies, which led to multiple effective COVID-19 vaccines. The challenge of COVID-19 vaccine inequity, as COVID-19 spread globally, created a situation where cutting-edge mRNA technologies were preferentially supplied by multinational pharmaceutical companies to high-income countries while …

Dietary Changes Among Normal And High Blood Pressure Adolescents During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Bernadette Victoria, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Rizti Millva Putri

Kesmas

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted adolescents' unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles, leading to an increase in blood pressure and obesity rate. High blood pressure among adolescents is an early indicator of adult hypertension, but this condition has received less attention recently. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the differences in dietary changes among high school students with normal and high blood pressure before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in West Lampung District, Indonesia. A cross-sectional design was used, and the sample population consisted of 167 students aged 14-19 years. The results showed that 43 participants had elevated blood …