Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Demise Of The Usmle Step-2 Cs Exam: Rationalizing A Way Forward, Francis I Achike, Jennifer G Christner, Jeremy L Gibson, Robert M Milman, Sharon Obadia, Amy L Waer, Patricia K Watson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic has compelled rethinking and changes in medical education, the most controversial perhaps being the cancelation of USMLE Step-2 Clinical Skills exam (Step-2 CS). What started in March of 2020 as suspension of this professional licensure exam, because of concerns about infection risk for examinees, standardized patients (SPs), and administrators, soon became permanent cancelation in January 2021. Expectedly, it triggered debate in medical education circles. Positively, however, the USMLE regulatory agencies (NBME and FSMB) saw an opportunity to innovate an exam tainted with perceptions of validity deficits, cost, examinee inconvenience, and worries about future pandemics; they therefore called …

Clinical Outcomes Associated With Overestimation Of Oxygen Saturation By Pulse Oximetry In Patients Hospitalized With Covid-19, Ashraf Fawzy, Tianshi David Wu, Kunbo Wang, Kenneth E Sands, Arielle M Fisher, Shanna A Arnold Egloff, Jeffrey D Dellavolpe, Theodore J Iwashyna, Yanxun Xu, Brian T Garibaldi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: Many pulse oximeters have been shown to overestimate oxygen saturation in persons of color, and this phenomenon has potential clinical implications. The relationship between overestimation of oxygen saturation with timing of COVID-19 medication delivery and clinical outcomes remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between overestimation of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry and delay in administration of COVID-19 therapy, hospital length of stay, risk of hospital readmission, and in-hospital mortality.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study included patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at 186 acute care facilities in the US with at least 1 functional arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) …

Loss Of Cytochrome P450 (Cyp)1b1 Mitigates Hyperoxia Response In Adult Mouse Lung By Reprogramming Metabolism And Translation, Sandra L Grimm, Rachel E Stading, Matthew J Robertson, Tanmay Gandhi, Chenlian Fu, Weiwu Jiang, Guobin Xia, Krithika Lingappan, Cristian Coarfa, Bhagavatula Moorthy

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Oxygen supplementation is life saving for premature infants and for COVID-19 patients but can induce long-term pulmonary injury by triggering inflammation, with xenobiotic-metabolizing CYP enzymes playing a critical role. Murine studies showed that CYP1B1 enhances, while CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 protect from, hyperoxic lung injury. In this study we tested the hypothesis that Cyp1b1-null mice would revert hyperoxia-induced transcriptomic changes observed in WT mice at the transcript and pathway level. Wild type (WT) C57BL/6J and Cyp1b1-null mice aged 8-10 weeks were maintained in room air (21% O

Variation In Early Anakinra Use And Short-Term Outcomes In Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children, Joyce C Chang, Cameron C Young, Eyal Muscal, Sara K Sexson Tejtel, Margaret M Newhams, Suden Kucukak, Hillary Crandall, Aline B Maddux, Courtney M Rowan, Natasha B Halasa, Helen A Harvey, Charlotte V Hobbs, Mark W Hall, Michele Kong, Cassyanne L Aguiar, Jennifer E Schuster, Julie C Fitzgerald, Aalok R Singh, Kari Wellnitz, Ryan A Nofziger, Natalie Z Cvijanovich, Elizabeth H Mack, Adam J Schwarz, Sabrina M Heidemann, Jane W Newburger, Laura D Zambrano, Angela P Campbell, Manish M Patel, Adrienne G Randolph, Mary Beth F Son, Overcoming Covid Investigators

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: Evidence regarding effectiveness of interleukin-1 receptor antagonism in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is lacking. We characterized variation in initial treatment with anakinra and evaluated cardiovascular outcomes associated with adding anakinra to standard initial therapy.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of MIS-C cases in a US surveillance registry from November 2020 to December 2021. Day 0 was the first calendar day of immunomodulatory treatment. Factors associated with initial anakinra use (days 0-1) were identified. We compared cases in patients ages 2-20 years receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and glucocorticoids versus anakinra plus IVIG and/or glucocorticoids on days …

Rounding In The Time Of Covid, Adam Cohen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Resilience In Quality Of Life In A Productive-Age Population During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Fajaria Nurcandra, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo, Budi Anna Keliat, Mondastri Korib Sudaryo

Kesmas

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted various sectors and may trigger a decrease in quality of life (QoL), so resilience is urgently needed. This study aimed to analyze the role of resilience in the QoL of individuals during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in East Jakarta, Indonesia. An explanatory sequential mixed methods study was conducted with a cross-sectional design. The QoL was measured using the Indonesian-HRQoL on 300 respondents through multistage cluster sampling. The explanatory qualitative approach involved Focus Group Discussions and in-depth interviews. A Cox regression was used to analyze the quantitative data. The proportion of poor QoL …

The Climate Effect On Covid-19: Lessons Learned From The Pandemic In Jakarta, Vernonia Yora Saki, Ema Novita Deniati, Yoerdy Agusmal Saputra, Dewi Susanna, Efendi Efendi

Kesmas

The global COVID-19 pandemic has presented humanity with difficult and unforeseeable hurdles. Among these challenges is understanding how climate-related aspects impact the survival of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall, and the spread of COVID-19 cases in different regions. A time-and-place-based ecological study design was adopted, integrating geographic information systems and statistical techniques. Statistical testing revealed a significant association between humidity (p-value = 0.000; r = -0.777) and rainfall (p-value = 0.001; r = -0.561) with COVID-19 instances. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between temperature …

Clinical And Functional Outcomes Of Covid-19 Survivors After Hospitalization, Arnengsih Nazir, Salsabila S S Putri, Muhammad Hasan Bashari

Kesmas

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes various clinical manifestations during acute infection and at the post-acute phase with persistent symptoms called long COVID. It occurs in mild and moderate to severe cases which require hospitalization. In patients needing hospitalization, especially intensive care unit admission, the risk of long COVID increases. Many hospitalized patients exhibited more symptoms in 60 days after the illness than non-hospitalized patients. This review aimed to identify the clinical and functional outcomes in COVID-19 survivors after hospitalization. The articles in the PubMed database published in 2019-2021 were reviewed and found 20 be eligible. The clinical outcomes were the …

Indonesia’S Covid-19 Trend After The End Of A Public Health Emergency Of International Concern: Preparation For An Endemic, Nessa Novarisa, Helda Helda, Rahmad Mulyadi

Kesmas

Three years into the pandemic, the World Health Organization revoked the COVID-19 public health emergency of international concern on May 5, 2023. This decision sparked debate, notably around the possibility of a surge in cases due to the SARS-CoV-2 mutations. To manage this transition, the Indonesian government enacted stringent controls on case numbers. This case series study provided an overview of COVID-19 case trends in Indonesia following the revocation of public health emergency of international concern status by the World Health Organization. Data were collected for 5 weeks after the statement (May 6–June 10, 2023) from the COVID-19 Task Force’s …

The Impact Of Stress On The Work Performance Of Covid-19 Isolation Room Nurses At Hospitals In Timor, Antonius Rino Vanchapo, Anggorowati Anggorowati, Ni Made Merlin

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia

The incidence of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) in East Nusa Tenggara has increased tremendously since April 2020. This has caused nurses to experience anxiety and stress due to fears of a shortage of special COVID-19 inpatient rooms. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between stress and the work performance of the COVID-19 isolation room nurses in mainland Timor. This cross-sectional study involved 278 nurses who worked in the COVID-19 isolation rooms of three hospitals on Timor Island. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42) and the Nurse Work Performance Sheet were applied to obtain the data. The results demonstrated that …

Kangaroo Mother Care In Improving Thermoregulation Of Premature Babies During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Report, Ari Damayanti Wahyuningrum, Yuni Sufyanti Arief, Rizki Fitriyasari Pk, Chui Ping Lei, Rinik Eko Kapti

Kesmas

Premature babies lose four times more heat than those with sufficient birth weight. Moreover, their body temperature regulation center does not function properly. This study aimed to investigate Kangaroo Mother Care's effect in increasing premature babies' thermoregulation during the COVID-19 pandemic at Hospital A in Malang City, Indonesia. This study was a case report with data from follow-up checks on premature babies discharged from the hospital. The Kangaroo Mother Care method, carried out by the mother, increased the thermoregulation of premature babies' temperature by 0.2ᴼC compared to the father. It was because women have a slightly higher body temperature than …

Access To Social Media, Knowledge, And Acceptance Of Covid-19 Post-Vaccination Health Protocols: A Cross-Sectional Study, Ni Luh Gde Armini, Dinar Saurmauli Lubis, Ni Putu Widarini

Kesmas

The health protocols recommended by the health authorities still need to be practiced after having the COVID-19 vaccine. Education on the prevention of COVID-19 infection needs to continue to protect people from the disease. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with adhering to COVID-19post-vaccination health protocols in people aged 18 years and over in the South Denpasar Subdistrict. This cross-sectional study comprised a sample of 147 people who were selected by incidental sampling. The data were obtained using questionnaires from July to August 2022 and examined with bivariate and multivariate analysis. Most participants were female, private employees, went …

Whether Covid-19 Infection Affects Human Cognitive Function, June Li Alsgaard

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The COVID-19 pandemic, resulting from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, continues to impact the daily lives of individuals worldwide. Although research has been conducted on long-COVID symptoms, the underlying causes remain unclear. Notably, instances of neurological decline have been observed following SARS-CoV-2 infections. 125,573 articles regarding neurological damage and cognitive disfunction were published and can be found from major research databases. For this scholarly project, 25 peer-reviewed journal articles pertaining to long-COVID and neurologic function changes, as well as potential underlying reasons for these changes, were curated. The proposed hypotheses include the virus' ability to pass through and harm the blood-brain barrier …

Knowledge Acquisition Efficacy Of A Remote Flipped Classroom On Learning About Removable Partial Dentures, Yuka Inamochi, Eiko Yoshida Kohno, Junichiro Wada, Natsuko Murakami, Atsushi Takaichi, Yuki Arai, Takeshi Ueno, Kenji Fueki, Noriyuki Wakabayashi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 has forced the use of remote education worldwide. In 2020, the authors conducted a fully digitized, remote flipped (RF) classroom focusing on removable partial dentures. This study aimed to evaluate the learning outcomes of the RF classroom and compare these with those of the on-site classroom.

Methods: The fourth-year dental students in 2017-2019 attended on-site flipped classroom (OF; n=70) or on-site lecture classroom (OL; n=67), and those in 2020 (n=58) attended the RF classroom. Lecture videos and text were provided online in the OF and RF groups, while only the text was given to the OL …

Sars-Cov-2 Uses Cd4 To Infect T Helper Lymphocytes, Natalia S Brunetti, Louis-Marie Bloyet, Spencer Stumpf, Marjorie C Pontelli, Sean Whelan, Alessandro S Farias, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the agent of a major global outbreak of respiratory tract disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infects mainly lungs and may cause several immune-related complications, such as lymphocytopenia and cytokine storm, which are associated with the severity of the disease and predict mortality. The mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in immune system dysfunction is still not fully understood. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infects human CD4

The Extent Of Knowledge, Preparedness And Perception Of Telemedicine Among Family Medicine Residents In Cebu City During Covid-19, Kristine Joy Y. Sumanga, Clarissa Mae D. Derecho

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

Telemedicine is providing healthcare services using electronic means at a distance including the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases as well as the research and evaluation, and education of healthcare providers. Its role in the time of the pandemic is vital, especially to the practice of medicine. This study is a descriptive, cross-sectional, survey research study conducted in four hospital training institutions in Cebu City. A total of 41 respondents gave their consent and were given the online survey questionnaire about the extent of knowledge, preparedness and perceptions of telemedicine. Out of the 41 respondents, 56.10% were young adults (26-30 …

Engaging Mothers And Community Health Workers: An Online Maternal And Children’S Health Education In Kampung Lio, Indonesia, Shafira Aurelia, Dheanita Nissrina Andini, Garry Soloan, Vahira Waladhiyaputri, Dewi Friska

ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement

To raise awareness and understanding of maternal and children’s health, a team from Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, conducted a program called Tinggi Cerdas. It is a community development program in Kampung Lio, Depok, West Java. This article evaluates the impacts of activity related to the participant’s awareness and knowledge about maternal and children’s health. The program was developed and conducted as an online program due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation, from September to December 2021. The program was developed with four different topics through online communication, equipped with an educational booklet for the mothers and a PrimaKu® application …

Association Of Delirium And Depression With Respiratory And Outcome Measures In Covid-19 Inpatients, Alessio Simonetti, Cristina Pais, Vezio Savoia, Maria Camilla Cipriani, Matteo Tosato, Delfina Janiri, Evelina Bernardi, Ottavia Marianna Ferrara, Stella Margoni, Georgios D Kotzalidis, Daniela Chieffo, Massimo Fantoni, Rosa Liperoti, Francesco Landi, Roberto Bernabei, Gabriele Sani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Delirium (DEL) and depression (DEP) may impair the course and severity of acute respiratory illness. The impact of such syndromes on respiratory and outcome parameters in inpatients with COVID-19 needs clarification. To clarify the relationship between DEL and DEP and respiratory outcome measures, we enrolled 100 inpatients from COVID-19 units of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS of Rome. Participants were divided into those with DEL, DEP, or absence of either delirium or depression (CONT). Delirium severity was assessed with the Neelson and Champagne Confusion Scale (NEECHAM). Psychopathology was assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the …

New Corona Virus Provokes Peripheral Gangrene In Lower Limb Of Type-1 Diabetic Patient: A Case Report, Hussein A. Ghanimi, Diaa K. Abd Ali

Al-Ameed Journal for Medical Research and Health Sciences

Introduction: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents with un-expected complications. Diabetic patients are more susceptible for lower limb complications. Importance: Peripheral gangrene may be associated with COVID-19 in diabetic patients. Case presentation: We described one diabetic patient with COVID-19 associated peripheral gangrene (PG) in lower limb. A 56 years old female patient with type-1 diabetes tested positive for COVID-19. She suffered from PG in her left foot. Hematological, biochemical, Doppler sonography, echocardiography (Echo) and electrocardiogram (ECG) tests were done for diagnosis and evaluation of the case. General checkup indicated presence of an abscess in her foot. Later, abscess drainage surgery …

Perceptions Of Covid-19 And The Use Of Health Information Technology Among People Who Are Uninsured: Multimethod Survey Study, Khushi S. Patel, Cynthia F. Corbett Phd, Rn, Faan, Elizabeth M. Combs, Sara B. Donevant, Margaret J. Selph, Lynette M. Gibson, Robin Dawson Phd, Rn, Cpnp-Pc, Amit P. Sheth, Ronda G. Hughes

Publications

BACKGROUND: As of May 2023, the novel SARS-CoV-2 has claimed nearly 7 million lives globally and >1.1 million lives in the United States. Low-income populations are often disproportionately affected by risk factors such as lifestyle, employment, and limited health literacy. These populations may lack the knowledge of appropriate infection precautions or have reduced access to care during illness, particularly in countries without universal health care.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of COVID-19, including symptoms and risk factors among uninsured individuals seeking care at a free medical clinic, and to obtain respondents' perceptions of and suggestions for …

Establishing Validity And Preliminary Clinical Utility Of A Behavioral Economic Measure Of Social Risk Discounting For Health Behaviors, Connor A. Burrows

Theses and Dissertations

The COVID-19 pandemic has been the most profound public health emergency of the past several decades and the United States has faced numerous challenges with the timely adoption of mitigating health behaviors. Sustained ambivalence surrounding perceptions of public health recommendations of social distancing, mask wearing, and timely vaccination remain a barrier to slowing the spread of the virus years after its initial onset. Behavior analysis and behavioral economics offer compelling theoretical and quantitative models for framing the relationship between behaviors that are aversive in the short term but beneficial for individual and public good in the long term. The present …

Does Using Sofa Score For Ventilator Triage Among Covid 19 Patients Result In Suboptimal Allocation Of Medical Ventilators For The Bipoc Population?, Alexandrea Mp Masocco, Elisabeth Michel, Ebbin Dotson

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Introduction: Since the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, Black, and Latinx populations have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. It can be inferred with high confidence that those most vulnerable are the least likely to receive essential care. Kidney transplant allocation and COVID-19 triage protocols share commonalities in that both protocols involve using multivariate scored criteria with objective and subjective inputs. As such, the similar conclusion in outcomes is concerning. It is worth questioning whether the racial inequalities demonstrated in the COVID-19 pandemic related to access to life-saving ventilators were associated with triage protocols.

Methodology: Using an exploratory …

Enabling Endpoint Development For Interventional Clinical Trials In Individuals With Angelman Syndrome: A Prospective, Longitudinal, Observational Clinical Study (Freesias), Jorrit Tjeertes, Carlos A Bacino, Terry Jo Bichell, Lynne M Bird, Mariana Bustamante, Rebecca Crean, Shafali Jeste, Robert W Komorowski, Michelle L Krishnan, Meghan T Miller, David Nobbs, Cesar Ochoa-Lubinoff, Kimberly A Parkerson, Alexander Rotenberg, Anjali Sadhwani, Mark D Shen, Lisa Squassante, Wen-Hann Tan, Brenda Vincenzi, Anne C Wheeler, Joerg F Hipp, Elizabeth Berry-Kravis

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the absence of a functional UBE3A gene, which causes developmental, behavioral, and medical challenges. While currently untreatable, comprehensive data could help identify appropriate endpoints assessing meaningful improvements in clinical trials. Herein are reported the results from the FREESIAS study assessing the feasibility and utility of in-clinic and at-home measures of key AS symptoms.

METHODS: Fifty-five individuals with AS (aged < 5 years: n = 16, 5-12 years: n = 27, ≥ 18 years: n = 12; deletion genotype: n = 40, nondeletion genotype: n = 15) and 20 typically developing children (aged 1-12 years) were enrolled across six USA sites. Several clinical outcome assessments and digital health technologies were tested, together with overnight 19-lead electroencephalography (EEG) and additional polysomnography (PSG) sensors. Participants were assessed at baseline (Clinic Visit 1), 12 months later (Clinic Visit 2), and during intermittent home visits.

RESULTS: The participants achieved high completion rates for the clinical outcome assessments (adherence: 89-100% [Clinic Visit 1]; 76-91% [Clinic Visit 2]) and varied feasibility of and adherence to digital health …

Abatacept, Cenicriviroc, Or Infliximab For Treatment Of Adults Hospitalized With Covid-19 Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Jane A O'Halloran, Emily R Ko, Kevin J Anstrom, Eyal Kedar, Matthew W Mccarthy, Reynold A Panettieri, Martin Maillo, Patricia Segura Nunez, Anne M Lachiewicz, Cynthia Gonzalez, P Brian Smith, Sabina Mendivil-Tuchia De Tai, Akram Khan, Alfredo J Mena Lora, Matthias Salathe, Gerardo Capo, Daniel Rodríguez Gonzalez, Thomas F Patterson, Christopher Palma, Horacio Ariza, Maria Patelli Lima, John Blamoun, Esteban C Nannini, Eduardo Sprinz, Analia Mykietiuk, Radica Alicic, Adriana M Rauseo, Cameron R Wolfe, Britta Witting, Jennifer P Wang, Luis Parra-Rodriguez, Tatyana Der, Kate Willsey, Jun Wen, Adam Silverstein, Sean M O'Brien, Hussein R Al-Khalidi, Michael A Maldonado, Richard Melsheimer, William G Ferguson, Steven E Mcnulty, Pearl Zakroysky, Susan Halabi, Daniel K Benjamin, Sandra Butler, Jane C Atkinson, Stacey J Adam, Soju Chang, Lisa Lavange, Michael Proschan, Samuel A Bozzette, William G Powderly

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Immune dysregulation contributes to poorer outcomes in COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether abatacept, cenicriviroc, or infliximab provides benefit when added to standard care for COVID-19 pneumonia.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial using a master protocol to investigate immunomodulators added to standard care for treatment of participants hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. The results of 3 substudies are reported from 95 hospitals at 85 clinical research sites in the US and Latin America. Hospitalized patients 18 years or older with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 14 days and evidence of pulmonary involvement underwent randomization between October 2020 and …

Abatacept, Cenicriviroc, Or Infliximab For Treatment Of Adults Hospitalized With Covid-19 Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Jane A O'Halloran, Emily R Ko, Kevin J Anstrom, Eyal Kedar, Matthew W Mccarthy, Reynold A Panettieri, Martin Maillo, Patricia Segura Nunez, Anne M Lachiewicz, Cynthia Gonzalez, P Brian Smith, Sabina Mendivil-Tuchia De Tai, Akram Khan, Alfredo J Mena Lora, Matthias Salathe, Gerardo Capo, Daniel Rodríguez Gonzalez, Thomas F Patterson, Christopher Palma, Horacio Ariza, Maria Patelli Lima, John Blamoun, Esteban C Nannini, Eduardo Sprinz, Analia Mykietiuk, Radica Alicic, Adriana M Rauseo, Cameron R Wolfe, Britta Witting, Jennifer P Wang, Luis Parra-Rodriguez, Tatyana Der, Kate Willsey, Jun Wen, Adam Silverstein, Sean M O'Brien, Hussein R Al-Khalidi, Michael A Maldonado, Richard Melsheimer, William G Ferguson, Steven E Mcnulty, Pearl Zakroysky, Susan Halabi, Daniel K Benjamin, Sandra Butler, Jane C Atkinson, Stacey J Adam, Soju Chang, Lisa Lavange, Michael Proschan, Samuel A Bozzette, William G Powderly, Activ-1 Im Study Group Members

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Immune dysregulation contributes to poorer outcomes in COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether abatacept, cenicriviroc, or infliximab provides benefit when added to standard care for COVID-19 pneumonia.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial using a master protocol to investigate immunomodulators added to standard care for treatment of participants hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. The results of 3 substudies are reported from 95 hospitals at 85 clinical research sites in the US and Latin America. Hospitalized patients 18 years or older with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 14 days and evidence of pulmonary involvement underwent randomization between October 2020 and …

Cerebrovascular Disease In Covid-19., James E Siegler, Savanna Dasgupta, Mohamad Abdalkader, Mary Penckofer, Shadi Yaghi, Thanh N Nguyen

Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Departmental Research

Not in the history of transmissible illnesses has there been an infection as strongly associated with acute cerebrovascular disease as the novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. While the risk of stroke has known associations with other viral infections, such as influenza and human immunodeficiency virus, the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke related to SARS-CoV-2 is unprecedented. Furthermore, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has so profoundly impacted psychosocial behaviors and modern medical care that we have witnessed shifts in epidemiology and have adapted our treatment practices to reduce transmission, address delayed diagnoses, and mitigate gaps in healthcare. In this narrative …

Covid-19: Variants, Immunity, And Therapeutics For Non-Hospitalized Patients., Cameron Y.S. Lee, Jon B. Suzuki

HPD Articles

The continuing transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a world-wide 21st-century public health emergency of concern. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused greater than 600 million cases of COVID-19 and over 6 million deaths globally. COVID-19 continues to be a highly transmissible disease despite efforts by public health officials and healthcare providers to manage and control the disease. Variants identified in selected worldwide epicenters add to the complexity of vaccine efficacy, overage, and antibody titer maintenance and bioactivity. The identification of the SARS-CoV-2 variants is described with respect to evading protective efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and …

Examining Racial Disparities In Unemployment Among Health Care Workers Before, During, And After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jason Semprini

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Among the U.S. health care workforce, the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to greatly impact employment levels in 2020. However, no research has examined how the pandemic’s impact on employment varied by racial/ethnic group or beyond the initial emergency year. Our study aimed to quantitatively evaluate workforce trends by race/ethnicity before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study analyzed each March supplement of the Current Population Survey over a 5-year span (2018–2022). We restricted the sample to nurses, physician assistants, and other non-physician health care workers (HCW), per specific census occupation codes, and constructed an event-history study to test for differential …

Abstracts From The 2023 Health Care Systems Research Network (Hcsrn) Annual Conference, Denver, Colorado

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The Health Care Systems Research Network (HCSRN) is comprised of 20 learning health systems with embedded population-based research units. The network’s annual conference serves as a forum for research teams from member institutions to disseminate project findings, explore scientific collaborations, and share insights about conducting research in real-world care delivery settings. Abstracts presented at HCSRN 2023 are published in this issue supplement of Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews, the journal of record for HCSRN’s annual conference proceedings.

Covid-19 Proactive Disease Management Using Covid Virtual Hospital In A Rural Community, Gandhari Loomis, Regina Rhodes, Ed Bujold, Golnosh Sharafsaleh, Ellen Collett, Mark Irwin, Elizabeth W. Staton, John M. Westfall

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: A community teaching hospital serving a rural population established an intensive “hospital at home” program for patients with COVID-19 utilizing disease risk stratification and pulse oximeter readings to dictate nurse and clinician contact. Herein, we report patient outcomes and provider experiences resulting from this “virtual” approach to triaging pandemic care.

Methods: COVID-19-positive patients appropriate for outpatient management were enrolled in our COVID Virtual Hospital (CVH). Patients received pulse oximeters and instructions for home monitoring of vital signs. CVH nurses contacted the patient within 12–48 hours. The primary care provider was alerted of the patient’s diagnosis and held a virtual …