Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Evaluation Of Factors Underlying Sex-Based Disparities In Cardiovascular Care In Adults With Self-Reported Premature Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Vardhmaan Jain, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Rodman Turpin, Hatice Nur Eken, Ankit Agrawal, Dhruv Mahtta, Zainab Samad, Stephanie Coulter, Fatima Rodriguez, Laura A Petersen, Salim S Virani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: There are limited data regarding sex-based differences in physical and mental health domains and health care access in adults with premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

OBJECTIVE: To study the association of sex with physical and mental health domains as well as health care access-related factors among adults with self-reported premature ASCVD.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective cohort analysis of 748 090 adults aged 18 to 55 years in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2016 to 2019 in the US. Data were analyzed from June to July 2021.

EXPOSURES: Self-reported ASCVD, defined as having a history of coronary artery …

Dietary Patterns Are Associated With Improved Ovarian Reserve In Overweight And Obese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study Of The Lifestyle And Ovarian Reserve (Lore) Cohort, Ashley M Eskew, Bronwyn S Bedrick, Jorge E Chavarro, Joan K Riley, Emily S Jungheim

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that adherence to certain dietary patterns is associated with improved fecundity and reproductive outcomes in the general population and infertile couples assisted reproductive treatments. The objective of this study was to assess if dietary patterns are associated with ovarian reserve in reproductive age women without a history of infertility.

METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 185 women in the Lifestyle and Ovarian Reserve (LORe) cohort. Women aged 18-44 without a history of infertility were recruited from the local community at an academic medical center. Subjects completed validated food frequency and physical activity questionnaires to assess …

Spatiotemporal Dynamics Of Clonal Selection And Diversification In Normal Endometrial Epithelium., Manako Yamaguchi, Hirofumi Nakaoka, Kazuaki Suda, Kosuke Yoshihara, Tatsuya Ishiguro, Nozomi Yachida, Kyota Saito, Haruka Ueda, Kentaro Sugino, Yutaro Mori, Kaoru Yamawaki, Ryo Tamura, Sundaramoorthy Revathidevi, Teiichi Motoyama, Kazuki Tainaka, Roel G W Verhaak, Ituro Inoue, Takayuki Enomoto

Faculty Research 2022

It has become evident that somatic mutations in cancer-associated genes accumulate in the normal endometrium, but spatiotemporal understanding of the evolution and expansion of mutant clones is limited. To elucidate the timing and mechanism of the clonal expansion of somatic mutations in cancer-associated genes in the normal endometrium, we sequence 1311 endometrial glands from 37 women. By collecting endometrial glands from different parts of the endometrium, we show that multiple glands with the same somatic mutations occupy substantial areas of the endometrium. We demonstrate that "rhizome structures", in which the basal glands run horizontally along the muscular layer and multiple …

Comprehensive Analysis Of Alternative Splicing In Gastric Cancer Identifies Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Subtypes Associated With Survival., Yukyung Jun, Yun-Suhk Suh, Sunghee Park, Jieun Lee, Jong-Il Kim, Sanghyuk Lee, Wan-Ping Lee, Olga Anczuków, Han-Kwang Yang, Charles Lee

Faculty Research 2022

Alternatively spliced RNA isoforms are a hallmark of tumors, but their nature, prevalence, and clinical implications in gastric cancer have not been comprehensively characterized. We systematically profiled the splicing landscape of 83 gastric tumors and matched normal mucosa, identifying and experimentally validating eight splicing events that can classify all gastric cancers into three subtypes: epithelial-splicing (EpiS), mesenchymal-splicing (MesS), and hybrid-splicing. These subtypes were associated with distinct molecular signatures and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. Subtype-specific splicing events were enriched in motifs for splicing factors RBM24 and ESRP1, which were upregulated in MesS and EpiS tumors, respectively. A simple classifier based only on …

The Association Between Rest-Activity Rhythms And Glycemic Markers: The Us National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2014, Qian Xiao, Charles E Matthews, Mary Playdon, Cici Bauer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies conducted in mostly homogeneous sociodemographic samples have reported a relationship between weakened and/or disrupted rest-activity patterns and metabolic dysfunction. This study aims to examine rest-activity rhythm characteristics in relation to glycemic markers in a large nationally representative and diverse sample of American adults.

METHODS: This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Rest-activity characteristics were derived from extended cosine models using 24-hour actigraphy. We used multinomial logistic regression and multiple linear regression models to assess the associations with multiple glycemic markers (i.e., glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment of …

Sars-Cov-2 Infection Increases Risk Of Acute Kidney Injury In A Bimodal Age Distribution, Erica C Bjornstad, Gary Cutter, Pramod Guru, Shina Menon, Isabella Aldana, Scott House, Nancy M Tofil, Catherine A St Hill, Yasir Tarabichi, Valerie M Banner-Goodspeed, Amy B Christie, Surapaneni Krishna Mohan, Devang Sanghavi, Jarrod M Mosier, Girish Vadgaonkar, Allan J Walkey, Rahul Kashyap, Vishakha K Kumar, Vikas Bansal, Karen Boman, Mayank Sharma, Marija Bogojevic, Neha Deo, Lynn Retford, Ognjen Gajic, Katja M Gist, Sccm Discovery Virus Investigators Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV2 develop acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently, yet gaps remain in understanding why adults seem to have higher rates compared to children. Our objectives were to evaluate the epidemiology of SARS-CoV2-related AKI across the age spectrum and determine if known risk factors such as illness severity contribute to its pattern.

METHODS: Secondary analysis of ongoing prospective international cohort registry. AKI was defined by KDIGO-creatinine only criteria. Log-linear, logistic and generalized estimating equations assessed odds ratios (OR), risk differences (RD), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for AKI and mortality adjusting for sex, pre-existing comorbidities, race/ethnicity, illness severity, …

Single-Agent Mosunetuzumab Shows Durable Complete Responses In Patients With Relapsed Or Refractory B-Cell Lymphomas: Phase I Dose-Escalation Study, Lihua E Budde, Nancy L Bartlett, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Mosunetuzumab is a bispecific antibody targeting CD20 and CD3 that redirects T cells to engage and eliminate malignant B cells and is being developed for relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs).

METHODS: This first-in-human trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02500407) evaluated the safety and tolerability and efficacy of mosunetuzumab in patients with R/R B-NHL and established the recommended phase II dose. Data from dose escalation are presented. Single-agent mosunetuzumab was administered intravenously in 3-week cycles, at full dose in cycle 1 day 1 (group A) or with ascending (step-up) doses during cycle 1 on days 1, 8, and 15 …

A Tranquil Virtual Reality Experience To Reduce Subjective Stress Among Covid-19 Frontline Healthcare Workers., Elizabeth Beverly, Laurie Hommema, Kara Coates, Gary Duncan, Brad Gable, Thomas Gutman, Matthew Love, Carrie Love, Michelle Pershing, Nancy Stevens

Medical Education Articles

OBJECTIVE: The novel coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) has taken an immense physical, social, and emotional toll on frontline healthcare workers. Research has documented higher levels of anxiety, depression, and burnout among healthcare workers during the pandemic. Thus, creative interventions are needed now more than ever to provide brief, accessible support to frontline workers. Virtual reality is a rapidly growing technology with potential psychological applications. In this study, we piloted a three-minute Tranquil Cinematic-VR simulation of a nature scene to lower subjective stress among frontline healthcare workers in COVID-19 treatment units. We chose to film a nature scene because of the extensive empirical …

Retraction Note: Obesity-Induced Adipokine Imbalance Impairs Mouse Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Function And Primes The Lung For Injury, Dilip Shah, Freddy Romero, Michelle Duong, Nadan Wang, Bishnuhari Paudyal, Benjamin T Suratt, Caleb B Kallen, Jianxin Sun, Ying Zhu, Kenneth Walsh, Ross Summer

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

The Authors have retracted this Article. Afer publication of this Article, concerns have been raised about irregularities in the western blot data. In particular, the following bands appear to be duplicated: – Fig. 1e HFD/p-Src lane 1 and 3; – Fig. 4c NCD/Ve-cadherin lane 1 and 3 – Fig. 5e HFD+APN/ICAM-1 lane 1 and 2 – Fig. 5f HFD/beta-catenin lane 2 and HFD+APN/beta-catenin lane 1 – Fig. S1d HFD/beta-catenin all lanes – Fig. S4c NCD/beta-catenin lane 1 and 3. Additionally, the beta-catenin subpanel in Fig. 5f was subsequently reused in another study [1] and described as showing GRP87. Te Authors …

Attitudes Among Healthcare Professionals Towards Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During Covid-19., Safinaz Al-Shiakh, Quincy K Tran, Amy Caggiula, Ivan Berezowski, Basma Barnawi, Ali Pourmand

Emergency Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Examining Rural-Urban Differences In Fatalism And Information Overload: Data From 12 Nci-Designated Cancer Centers, Jakob D Jensen, Jackilen Shannon, Ronaldo Iachan, Yangyang Deng, Sunny Jung Kim, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Babalola Faseru, Electra D Paskett, Jinxiang Hu, Robin C Vanderpool, Deann Lazovich, Jason A Mendoza, Sanjay Shete, Linda B Robertson, Rajesh Balkrishnan, Katherine J Briant, Benjamin Haaland, David A Haggstrom, Bernard F Fuemmeler, Rural Workgroup Of The Population Health Assessment In Cancer Center Catchment Areas Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Rural populations experience a disproportionate cancer burden relative to urban populations. One possibility is that rural populations are more likely to hold counterproductive cancer beliefs such as fatalism and information overload that undermine prevention and screening behaviors.

METHODS: Between 2016 and 2020, 12 U.S. cancer centers surveyed adults in their service areas using online and in-person survey instruments. Participants (

RESULTS: Compared with urban residents, rural residents were more likely to believe that (i) everything causes cancer (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.17-1.43); (ii) prevention is not possible (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.19-1.51); and (iii) there are too …

Longitudinal Changes In Vascular Stiffness And Heart Rate Variability Among Young Adults With Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: Results From The Follow-Up Observational Treatment Options For Type 2 Diabetes In Adolescents And Youth (Today) Study, Amy S Shah, Laure El Ghormli, Samuel S Gidding, Kara S Hughan, Lorraine E Levitt Katz, Dorit Koren, Jeanie B Tryggestad, Fida Bacha, Barbara H Braffett, Silva Arslanian, Elaine M Urbina

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Aims: (1) To describe changes in arterial stiffness and heart rate variability (HRV) over a 5-year interval, (2) examine changes by sex and race-ethnicity, and (3) evaluate the risk factors associated with the longitudinal changes in arterial stiffness and HRV.

Methods: Participants with youth-onset type 2 diabetes enrolled in the observational follow-up phase of the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) clinical trial had arterial stiffness [(pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, brachial distensibility] and six indices of HRV measured 5 years apart. Multivariable linear regression models assessed risk factors associated with changes in the outcomes …

Efficacy And Safety Of Covid-19 Convalescent Plasma In Hospitalized Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Mila B Ortigoza, Hyunah Yoon, Keith S Goldfeld, Andrea B Troxel, Johanna P Daily, Yinxiang Wu, Yi Li, Danni Wu, Gia F Cobb, Gillian Baptiste, Mary O'Keeffe, Marilou O Corpuz, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, Amee Amin, Ioannis M Zacharioudakis, Dushyantha T Jayaweera, Yanyun Wu, Julie V Philley, Megan S Devine, Mahalia S Desruisseaux, Alessandro D Santin, Shweta Anjan, Reeba Mathew, Bela Patel, Masayuki Nigo, Rabi Upadhyay, Tania Kupferman, Andrew N Dentino, Rahul Nanchal, Christian A Merlo, David N Hager, Kartik Chandran, Jonathan R Lai, Johanna Rivera, Chowdhury R Bikash, Gorka Lasso, Timothy P Hilbert, Monika Paroder, Andrea A Asencio, Mengling Liu, Eva Petkova, Alexander Bragat, Reza Shaker, David D Mcpherson, Ralph L Sacco, Marla J Keller, Corita R Grudzen, Judith S Hochman, Liise-Anne Pirofski, Lalitha Parameswaran, Anthony T Corcoran, Abhinav Rohatgi, Marta W Wronska, Xinyuan Wu, Ranjini Srinivasan, Fang-Ming Deng, Thomas D Filardo, Jay Pendse, Simone B Blaser, Olga Whyte, Jacqueline M Gallagher, Ololade E Thomas, Danibel Ramos, Caroline L Sturm-Reganato, Charlotte C Fong, Ivy M Daus, Arianne Gisselle Payoen, Joseph T Chiofolo, Mark T Friedman, Ding Wen Wu, Jessica L Jacobson, Jeffrey G Schneider, Uzma N Sarwar, Henry E Wang, Ryan M Huebinger, Goutham Dronavalli, Yu Bai, Carolyn Z Grimes, Karen W Eldin, Virginia E Umana, Jessica G Martin, Timothy R Heath, Fatimah O Bello, Daru Lane Ransford, Maudry Laurent-Rolle, Sheela V Shenoi, Oscar Bate Akide-Ndunge, Bipin Thapa, Jennifer L Peterson, Kelly Knauf, Shivani U Patel, Laura L Cheney, Christopher A Tormey, Jeanne E Hendrickson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: There is clinical equipoise for COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) use in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of CCP compared with placebo in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 receiving noninvasive supplemental oxygen.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: CONTAIN COVID-19, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of CCP in hospitalized adults with COVID-19, was conducted at 21 US hospitals from April 17, 2020, to March 15, 2021. The trial enrolled 941 participants who were hospitalized for 3 or less days or presented 7 or less days after symptom onset and required noninvasive oxygen supplementation.

INTERVENTIONS: A unit of …

Body Region-Specific 3d Age-Scaling Functions For Scaling Whole-Body Computed Tomography Anatomy For Pediatric Late Effects Studies, Aashish C Gupta, Constance A Owens, Suman Shrestha, Choonsik Lee, Susan A Smith, Rita E Weathers, Tucker Netherton, Peter A Balter, Stephen F Kry, David S Followill, Keith T Griffin, James P Long, Gregory T Armstrong, Rebecca M Howell

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose:

Radiation epidemiology studies of childhood cancer survivors treated in the pre-computed tomography (CT) era reconstruct the patients’ treatment fields on computational phantoms. For such studies, the phantoms are commonly scaled to age at the time of radiotherapy treatment because age is the generally available anthropometric parameter. Several reference size phantoms are used in such studies, but reference size phantoms are only available at discrete ages (e.g.: newborn, 1, 5, 10, 15, and Adult). When such phantoms are used for RT dose reconstructions, the nearest discrete-aged phantom is selected to represent a survivor of a specific age. In this work, …

Importance Of The Intersection Of Age And Sex To Understand Variation In Incidence And Survival For Primary Malignant Gliomas, Gi-Ming Wang, Gino Cioffi, Nirav Patil, Kristin A Waite, Robert Lanese, Quinn T Ostrom, Carol Kruchko, Michael E Berens, James R Connor, Justin D Lathia, Joshua B Rubin, Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Gliomas are the most common type of malignant brain and other CNS tumors, accounting for 80.8% of malignant primary brain and CNS tumors. They cause significant morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the intersection between age and sex to better understand variation of incidence and survival for glioma in the United States.

METHODS: Incidence data from 2000 to 2017 were obtained from CBTRUS, which obtains data from the NPCR and SEER, and survival data from the CDC's NPCR. Age-adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) per 100 000 were generated to compare male-to-female incidence by age group. Cox proportional hazard models …

Race/Ethnicity And Birthplace As Risk Factors For Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia In A Multiethnic United States Population, Mimi C Tan, Taher Jamali, Theresa H Nguyen, Amy Galvan, Robert J Sealock, Anam Khan, Neda Zarrin-Khameh, Ashley Holloman, Ourania Kampagianni, David Henriquez Ticas, Yan Liu, Hashem B El-Serag, Aaron P Thrift

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: Several US subgroups have increased risk of gastric cancer and gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) and may benefit from targeted screening. We evaluated demographic and clinical risk factors for GIM and examined the interaction between race/ethnicity and birthplace on GIM risk.

METHODS: We identified patients who had undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy with gastric biopsy from 3/2006-11/2016 using the pathology database at a safety net hospital in Houston, Texas. Cases had GIM on ≥1 gastric biopsy histopathology, whereas controls lacked GIM on any biopsy. We estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations with GIM risk using logistic regression and developed …

Comparative Performance Of Risk Prediction Models For Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma In The United States, Hyun-Seok Kim, Xian Yu, Jennifer Kramer, Aaron P Thrift, Pete Richardson, Yao-Chun Hsu, Avegail Flores, Hashem B El-Serag, Fasiha Kanwal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Guidelines recommend hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance in patients with chronic HBV infection. Several HCC risk prediction models are available to guide surveillance decisions, but their comparative performance remains unclear.

METHODS: Using a retrospective cohort of patients with HBV treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues at 130 Veterans Administration facilities between 9/1/2008 and 12/31/2018, we calculated risk scores from 10 HCC risk prediction models (REACH-B, PAGE-B, m-PAGE-B, CU-HCC, HCC-RESCUE, CAMD, APA-B, REAL-B, AASL-HCC, RWS-HCC). We estimated the models' discrimination and calibration. We calculated HCC incidence in risk categories defined by the reported cut-offs for all models.

RESULTS: Of 3,101 patients …

Randomized Phase Iii Bmt Ctn Trial Of Calcineurin Inhibitor-Free Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Interventions In Myeloablative Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation For Hematologic Malignancies, Leo Luznik, Marcelo C Pasquini, Brent Logan, Robert J Soiffer, Juan Wu, Steven M Devine, Nancy Geller, Sergio Giralt, Helen E Heslop, Mary M Horowitz, Richard J Jones, Mark R Litzow, Adam Mendizabal, Lori Muffly, Eneida R Nemecek, Lynn O'Donnell, Richard J O'Reilly, Raquel Palencia, Johannes Schetelig, Leyla Shune, Scott R Solomon, Sumithira Vasu, Vincent T Ho, Miguel-Angel Perales

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) are standard components of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Prior data suggested that CNI-free approaches using donor T-cell depletion, either by ex vivo CD34 selection or in vivo post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as a single agent, are associated with lower rates of chronic GVHD (cGVHD).

METHODS: This multicenter phase III trial randomly assigned patients with acute leukemia or myelodysplasia and an HLA-matched donor to receive CD34-selected peripheral blood stem cell, PTCy after a bone marrow (BM) graft, or tacrolimus and methotrexate after BM graft (control). The primary end point was cGVHD (moderate or …

Impact Of Frontline Treatment Approach On Outcomes In Patients With Secondary Aml With Prior Hypomethylating Agent Exposure, Nicholas J Short, Sangeetha Venugopal, Wei Qiao, Tapan M Kadia, Farhad Ravandi, Walid Macaron, Courtney D Dinardo, Naval Daver, Marina Konopleva, Gautam Borthakur, Elizabeth J Shpall, Uday Popat, Richard E Champlin, Rohtesh Mehta, Gheath Al-Atrash, Betul Oran, Elias Jabbour, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Ghayas C Issa, Guillermo Montalban-Bravo, Musa Yilmaz, Abhishek Maiti, Hagop Kantarjian

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Treated secondary acute myeloid leukemia (ts-AML)-i.e., AML arising from a previously treated antecedent hematologic disorder-is associated with very poor outcomes. The optimal frontline treatment regimen for these patients is uncertain.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 562 patients who developed AML from preceding myelodysplastic syndrome or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia for which they had received a hypomethylating agent (HMA). Patients with ts-AML were stratified by frontline AML treatment with intensive chemotherapy (IC, n = 271), low-intensity therapy (LIT) without venetoclax (n = 237), or HMA plus venetoclax (n = 54).

RESULTS: Compared with IC or LIT without venetoclax, HMA plus venetoclax resulted …

Efficacy And Safety Of Enasidenib And Azacitidine Combination In Patients With Idh2 Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia And Not Eligible For Intensive Chemotherapy, Sangeetha Venugopal, Koichi Takahashi, Naval Daver, Abhishek Maiti, Gautam Borthakur, Sanam Loghavi, Nicholas J Short, Maro Ohanian, Lucia Masarova, Ghayas Issa, Xuemei Wang, Bueso-Ramos Carlos, Musa Yilmaz, Tapan Kadia, Michael Andreeff, Farhad Ravandi, Marina Konopleva, Hagop M Kantarjian, Courtney D Dinardo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Preclinically, enasidenib and azacitidine (ENA + AZA) synergistically enhance cell differentiation, and venetoclax (VEN), a small molecule Bcl2 inhibitor (i) is particularly effective in IDH2 mutated acute myeloid leukemia (IDH2mutAML). This open label phase II trial enrolled patients (pts) with documented IDH2mutAML. All patients received AZA 75 mg/m2/d x 7 d/cycle and ENA 100 mg QD continuously. Concomitant Bcl2i and FLT3i were allowed (NCT03683433).Twenty-six pts received ENA + AZA (median 68 years, range, 24-88); 7 newly diagnosed (ND) and 19 relapsed/refractory (R/R). In R/R AML patients, three had received prior ENA and none had received prior VEN. The …

A Taxonomy Of Childhood Pedal Cyclist Injuries From Latent Class Analysis: Associations With Factors Pertinent To Prevention, Joseph Piatt

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Background: Studies of pedal cyclist injuries have largely focused on individual injury categories, but every region of the cyclist's body is exposed to potential trauma. Real-world injury patterns can be complex, and isolated injuries to one body part are uncommon among casualties requiring hospitalization. Latent class analysis (LCA) may identify important patterns in heterogeneous samples of qualitative data.

Methods: Data were taken from the Trauma Quality Improvement Program of the American College of Surgeons for 2017. Inclusion criteria were age 18 years or less and an external cause of injury code for pedal cyclist. Injuries were characterized by Abbreviated Injury …

Antibody Responses Of Healthy Adults To The P27 Peptide Of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein, Brittani N Blunck, Letisha Aideyan, Xunyan Ye, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Laura Ferlic-Stark, Lynn Zechiedrich, Brian E Gilbert, Pedro A Piedra

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) protein undergoes two furin-cleavage events to become fusion competent, resulting in the release of a twenty-seven amino acid peptide (p27). Recent studies indicate that the p27 region of the F protein was an immunodominant antigen in young children. In this study, we evaluated the kinetics of the serum antibody response to the p27 peptide following natural RSV reinfection in adults. Nineteen healthy adults under sixty-five years of age were enrolled during the 2018-2019 RSV season in Houston, TX. Blood was collected at three study visits and RSV infection status was defined by changes …

Clonal Hematopoiesis Mutations In Patients With Lung Cancer Are Associated With Lung Cancer Risk Factors, Wei Hong, Ang Li, Yanhong Liu, Xiangjun Xiao, David C Christiani, Rayjean J Hung, James Mckay, John Field, Christopher I Amos, Chao Cheng

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is a phenomenon caused by expansion of white blood cells descended from a single hematopoietic stem cell. While CH can be associated with leukemia and some solid tumors, the relationship between CH and lung cancer remains largely unknown. To help clarify this relationship, we analyzed whole-exome sequencing (WES) data from 1,958 lung cancer cases and controls. Potential CH mutations were identified by a set of hierarchical filtering criteria in different exonic regions, and the associations between the number of CH mutations and clinical traits were investigated. Family history of lung cancer (FHLC) may exert diverse influences on …

When Eating Becomes Torturous: Understanding Nutrition-Related Cancer Treatment Side Effects Among Individuals With Cancer And Their Caregivers, Brandy-Joe Milliron, Lora Packel, Dan Dychtwald, Cynthia Klobodu, Laura Pontiggia, Ochi Ogbogu, Byron Barksdale, Jonathan Deutsch

Institute of Emerging Health Professions Faculty Papers

Individuals living with cancer often experience multiple nutrition-related side effects from cancer treatment, including changes in taste and smell, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and pain during eating. These side effects can profoundly impact nutritional status and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to explore experiences with nutrition-related cancer treatment side effects among cancer patients and their family caregivers, the way they manage such side effects, and the resulting changes in food preferences and behaviors. Structured surveys and in-depth interviews were conducted. Interviews focused on the presence and management of treatment side effects, how those changes influenced …

Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy Criterion Validity As A Biomarker Of Fruit And Vegetable Intake: A 2-Site Cross-Sectional Study Of 4 Racial Or Ethnic Groups, Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts, Nancy E Moran, Qiang Wu, Lisa Harnack, Neal E Craft, Neil Hanchard, Ronny Bell, Stacey G Moe, Nevin Johnson, Justice Obasohan, Pamela L Carr-Manthe, Melissa N Laska

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Valid biomarkers of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake are needed for field-based nutrition research.

Objectives: To examine criterion-related validity of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy as a proxy measure of FV intake, using plasma carotenoids and self-reported FV and carotenoid intake as primary and secondary criterion measures, respectively.

Methods: Healthy adults 18-65 y of age, self-identifying as African American/black (n = 61), Asian (n = 53), white (n = 70), or Hispanic (n = 29), in North Carolina and Minnesota were recruited. Skin carotenoids were assessed via pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter), skin melanin via spectrophotometer, and total plasma carotenoid concentration …

Total Energy Expenditure Is Repeatable In Adults But Not Associated With Short-Term Changes In Body Composition, Rebecca Rimbach, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N Ainslie, Lene F Anderson, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issaad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G Bonomi, Carlijn V C Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G J A Camps, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Lara R Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P Kempen, Misaka Kimura, William E Kraus, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K Martin, Anine C Medin, Erwin P Meijer, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Roberto A Rabinovich, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Albertine J Schuit, Anders M Sjödin, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar A Van Mil, Jonathan C K Wells, George Wilson, Brian M Wood, Jack Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U Loechl, Amy H Luke, Jennifer Rood, Dale A Schoeller, Klaas R Westerterp, William W Wong, John R Speakman, Herman Pontzer

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but …

Clinical Laboratory Testing Practices In Diffuse Gliomas Prior To Publication Of 2021 World Health Organization Classification Of Central Nervous System Tumors, Shakti H. Ramkissoon, Helen Fernandes, Dolores H. Lopez-Terrada, Meera R. Hameed, Dimitri G. Trembath, Julia A. Bridge, Neal I. Lindeman, Rhona J. Souers, Patricia Vasalos, Daniel J Brat, Joel T. Moncur

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

CONTEXT.—: Integration of molecular data into glioma classification supports diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic decision-making; however, testing practices for these informative biomarkers in clinical laboratories remain unclear.

OBJECTIVE.—: To examine the prevalence of molecular testing for clinically relevant biomarkers in adult and pediatric gliomas through review of a College of American Pathologists proficiency testing survey prior to the release of the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors.

DESIGN.—: College of American Pathologists proficiency testing 2020 survey results from 96 laboratories performing molecular testing for diffuse gliomas were used to determine the use of testing for molecular biomarkers …

The Prevalence Of And Factors Associated With Anxiety And Depression Among Working-Age Adults In Mainland China At The Early Remission Stage Of The Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic, Haixia Xie, Xiaowei Huang, Qi Zhang, Yan Wei, Xuheng Zeng, Fengshui Chang, Shuyin Wu

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has led to a considerable proportion of adverse psychological symptoms in different subpopulations. This study aimed to investigate the status of anxiety and depression and their associated factors in the adult, working-age population in Mainland China at the early remission stage of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: An online study was conducted among 1,863 participants in 29 provinces in Mainland China from March 23 to 31, 2020. Their mental health was evaluated by the generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) and the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Descriptive analysis, Chi-square, and multiple logistic regressions were applied.

Results: …

Caregiver Willingness To Give Tpt To Children Living With Drug-Resistant Tb Patients, V. Rouzier, M. Murrill, S. Kim, L. Naini, J. Shenje, E. Mitchell, M. Raesi, M. Lourens, A. Mendoza, F. Conradie, N. Suryavanshi, M. Hughes, S. Shah, G. Churchyard, Susan Swindells, A. Hesseling, A. Gupta

Journal Articles: Infectious Diseases

Pediatric household contacts (HHCs) of patients with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) are at high risk of infection and active disease. Evidence of caregiver willingness to give MDR-TB preventive therapy (TPT) to children is limited.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of HHCs of patients with MDR-TB to assess caregiver willingness to give TPT to children aged <13 years.RESULTS Of 743 adult and adolescent HHCs, 299 reported caring for children aged <13 years of age. The median caregiver age was 35 years (IQR 27-48); 75% were women. Among caregivers, 89% were willing to give children MDR TPT. In unadjusted analyses, increased willingness was associated with TB-related knowledge (OR 5.1, 95% CI 2.3-11.3), belief that one can die of MDR-TB (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.2-23.4), concern for MDR-TB transmission to child (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.6-12.4), confidence in properly taking TPT (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.6-12.6), comfort telling family about TPT (OR 5.5, 95% CI 2.1-14.3), and willingness to take TPT oneself (OR 35.1, 95% CI 11.0-112.8).CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of caregivers living with MDR- or rifampicin-resistant TB patients were willing to give children a hypothetical MDR TPT. These results provide important evidence for the potential uptake of …

What Can Aphasia Tell Us About How The First-Acquired Language Is Instantiated In The Brain?, Mira Goral

Publications and Research

Recent neurolinguistic theories converge on the hypothesis that the languages of multilingual people are processed as one system in the brain. One system for the multiple languages is also at the core of a translanguaging framework of multilingualism—a framework that focuses on each speaker’s complete linguistic repertoire rather than on the separate languages they know. However, evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests at least some nonoverlapping activations of the first-acquired language (L1) and other (non-L1) languages of multilingual people, especially when the age of acquisition and/or levels of proficiency differ across the languages. Neurolinguistic studies of acquired language disorders have demonstrated …