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Articles 5371 - 5400 of 24547
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Spatial-Temporal Variation Of Diarrhea Among Children Under 5 Years Old Between 2010-2020 In Rwanda, Amans Ntakarutimana Dr., Patrick A. Tschida Dr., Elias Nyandwi Dr.
Spatial-Temporal Variation Of Diarrhea Among Children Under 5 Years Old Between 2010-2020 In Rwanda, Amans Ntakarutimana Dr., Patrick A. Tschida Dr., Elias Nyandwi Dr.
Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences
We used secondary data from the Rwanda Demographic and Health Surveys of 2010, 2015, and 2020 to assess the spatial-temporal variation of diarrhea among children under 5 years old between the years 2010 and 2020 in Rwanda. Stratified descriptive statistics, pairwise comparisons, and logistic regression designs were used for data analysis in SPSS. A statistically significant variation of diarrhea among children under 5 years old was observed across districts, regions, and urban–rural areas but not at the national level between 2010–2020. Some districts of the Western region, including Nyabihu (OR = 2.5), Ngororero (OR = 2.3), and Karongi …
How Medical Mistrust Serves As A Barrier To Mental Health Treatment In The African American Community, Nicholas Young
How Medical Mistrust Serves As A Barrier To Mental Health Treatment In The African American Community, Nicholas Young
Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences
Throughout history, research has depicted the notion that African Americans do not make use of mental health treatment, even when their mental health status may deem it clinically necessary. One of the most prevalent deterrents to African Americans seeking treatment is the mistrust of the medical system. In the African American community, medical mistrust has a longstanding history that stems from the discrimination, racism, lack of representation in the field, and medical mistreatment that African Americans received as test subjects by the medical community over time. Various instances, throughout history, of African Americans being unjustly treated— for the sake of …
Effects Of Probiotic Lactobacilli On Streptococcus Mutans: Implications For Early Childhood Caries, Walaa Al-Turki
Effects Of Probiotic Lactobacilli On Streptococcus Mutans: Implications For Early Childhood Caries, Walaa Al-Turki
All ETDs from UAB
Effects of Probiotic Lactobacilli on Streptococcus mutans: Implications for Early Childhood Caries WALAA MOHIEDEN AL TURKI DENTISTRY ABSTRACT Purpose: Probiotic Lactobacillus species have been shown to have beneficial effects against early childhood caries (ECC) by inhibiting the growth of cariogenic bacteria. However, the acidogenicity of Lactobacillus spp. could have potential carcinogenic effect. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic lactobacilli and cariogenic lactobacilli on the growth, biofilm formation, and acid production of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Methods: Growth competition between probiotic L. rhamnosus GG (L-GG) or caries-associated L. rhamnosus M72-26 (L-M72) and S. mutans UA159 …
Access To Care, Structural Barriers, And Recovery Identity In Mental Health And Substance Use Disorder Treatment, Yahya Alnashri
Access To Care, Structural Barriers, And Recovery Identity In Mental Health And Substance Use Disorder Treatment, Yahya Alnashri
All ETDs from UAB
Substance use disorders (SUDs) remain one of the most pressing public health and economic challenges in the United States, with growing recognition that recovery is a multidimensional process shaped by clinical, social, and structural factors. This dissertation explores recovery at the levels of health policy, population, and experiential levels to assess gaps in access to recovery support services, identify patterns and predictors of recovery identity, and highlight the lived experiences of individuals with opioid use disorder. First, we evaluated whether state Medicaid expansion under the ACA (2010–2019) was associated with changes in the availability of consumer-run peer support services in …
Identifying Functional Regional Changes In Patients With Parkinson’S Disease And Freezing Of Gait, Taylor Robin Davis
Identifying Functional Regional Changes In Patients With Parkinson’S Disease And Freezing Of Gait, Taylor Robin Davis
All ETDs from UAB
Freezing of gait (FOG) affects anywhere from 20-80% of those with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) with the prevalence increasing with disease severity and length. This detrimental symptom is unpredictable and poorly characterized, which adds to the negative experience of FOG as it is difficult to treat. Using resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI), we set out to determine the functional changes in those with PD-FOG and map onto regions of the brain where signal power, measured using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), synchronicity, as measured by regional homogeneity (ReHo), and strength and direction of intra-network connections as measured by static effective connectivity, are …
Understanding Visual Memory Encoding And The Effects Of Endurance Exercise In Healthy Adults And People With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Brandon Steve Mitchell
Understanding Visual Memory Encoding And The Effects Of Endurance Exercise In Healthy Adults And People With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Brandon Steve Mitchell
All ETDs from UAB
The visual memory encoding (VME) of indoor and outdoor scenes is a complex cognitive process that primarily utilizes the bilateral hippocampi and medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures along the parahippocampal gyrus. Alpha and theta frequency band oscillations are important in the processing of visual information and memory formation, respectively. We completed hree studies investigating the cognitive process of VME in healthy adults and people with temporal lobe epilepsy (pwTLE). The first study was cross-sectional and utilized a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-constrained magnetoencephalography (MEG) analysis in healthy adults to explore VME. The fMRI results were used as spatial priors to …
Water Absorption, Surface Roughness And Flexural Strength Assessment Of Peek With And Without Aging., Pranjal Ramchandra Daundakr
Water Absorption, Surface Roughness And Flexural Strength Assessment Of Peek With And Without Aging., Pranjal Ramchandra Daundakr
All ETDs from UAB
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been the primary material for complete denture bases since its introduction in 1936 due to its esthetics, affordability, and ease of processing. However, PMMA demonstrates well-documented shortcomings, including relatively low flexural strength, high water absorption, and susceptibility to surface wear. These limitations lead to fractures, loss of occlusal vertical dimension (OVD), frequent relines, and compromised esthetics. Even advanced formats such as CAD-CAM milled and 3D printed PMMA remain prone to dimensional instability, microbial colonization, and long-term degradation. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a high-performance thermoplastic originally used in orthopedic and spinal implants, has recently been introduced into dentistry as …
In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity, Demineralization Inhibition Potential, And Staining Effects Of Three Silver Fluoride Materials, Quiesly Torres
In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity, Demineralization Inhibition Potential, And Staining Effects Of Three Silver Fluoride Materials, Quiesly Torres
All ETDs from UAB
Background: Dental caries is a worldwide preventable public health problem. It affects any individuals regardless of their gender, age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been extensively used for preventing cavities, but it has side effects; therefore, some other biocompatible antimicrobial and remineralization-inducing alternative materials have been developed. Purpose: This study aims to assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity, demineralization inhibition potential, and staining effect of SDF, Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF), and silver fluoride + potassium iodide (SF/KI). Methods: Three silver diamine fluoride-based materials were tested: SDF 38% (Advantage Arrest®, Elevate Oral Care, USA), 1500 ppm NSF …
Understanding The Functional Consequence Of Cul3 Deletion In The Mammalian Brain, Prathibha Sekar
Understanding The Functional Consequence Of Cul3 Deletion In The Mammalian Brain, Prathibha Sekar
All ETDs from UAB
Polyubiquitination is a post-translational modification which often results in degradation of the ubiquitin-tagged protein. E3 ubiquitin ligases are multi-subunit protein complexes that assist in this ubiquitination process. Multiple genes that play a role in ubiquitination are implicated in autism spectrum disorder, a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. CULLIN3 (CUL3), a scaffolding protein part of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, is the product of a high-risk autism gene implicated across multiple large scale sequencing studies of autism patients. Additionally, CUL3 haploinsufficiency is associated with a syndromic disorder called NEDAUS (Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without autism or seizures) characterized by intellectual disability (ID), …
An Analysis Of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels With Structural And Functional Connectivity In Antipsychotic Medication-Naïve First Episode Psychosis Patients, Genelle Dano Samson
An Analysis Of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels With Structural And Functional Connectivity In Antipsychotic Medication-Naïve First Episode Psychosis Patients, Genelle Dano Samson
All ETDs from UAB
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and abnormalities in emotional expression, social interaction, and motivation. Cognitive deficits and alterations in perception are core features of psychosis spectrum disorders, though the neurobiological bases of these impairments are not thoroughly understood. Examination of the structures responsible for cognition, along with how their connectivity and neurochemistry are altered in psychosis, is crucial to understanding and treating schizophrenia. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and plays a crucial role in the regulation of neuronal activity. Evidence from animal models and postmortem …
Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Socket Healing And Mronj, Yuki Arai, Chiaki Tsutsumi-Arai, Jeryl D English, Noriaki Ono, Wanida Ono
Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Socket Healing And Mronj, Yuki Arai, Chiaki Tsutsumi-Arai, Jeryl D English, Noriaki Ono, Wanida Ono
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
This review aims to summarise the current understanding of the biological processes involved in socket healing after tooth extraction and the contribution of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) during these processes. Additionally, it seeks to explore the mechanisms underlying medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), often linked to tooth extraction, to provide insights for future research directions. Socket healing is a complex biological process consisting of three phases: inflammatory, proliferative and modelling/remodelling. MSCs, particularly those derived from periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and bone lining cells, are known to play a significant role in the initial and subsequent stages of healing. However, …
The Glutaminase Activity Of Asns Fuels Glutamine Metabolism In Leukemia, Wai-Kin Chan, Lin Tan, Sara A Martinez, Di Du, Thomas D Horvath, Michael Pontikos, Leona A Rusling, Yulun Chiu, Bao Q Tran, Susan B Rempe, Sergei Sukharev, John N Weinstein, Philip L Lorenzi
The Glutaminase Activity Of Asns Fuels Glutamine Metabolism In Leukemia, Wai-Kin Chan, Lin Tan, Sara A Martinez, Di Du, Thomas D Horvath, Michael Pontikos, Leona A Rusling, Yulun Chiu, Bao Q Tran, Susan B Rempe, Sergei Sukharev, John N Weinstein, Philip L Lorenzi
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
Not available.
Randomized Control Trial Of A Novel Dental Gel As An Adjunct To Scaling And Root Planing In Subjects With Stage Ii & Iii Periodontitis, Efstratios Choreftakis
Randomized Control Trial Of A Novel Dental Gel As An Adjunct To Scaling And Root Planing In Subjects With Stage Ii & Iii Periodontitis, Efstratios Choreftakis
All ETDs from UAB
Scaling and root planing (ScRP) is the gold standard for non-surgical periodontal therapy, yet no dentifrice has been definitively shown to improve its outcomes. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of LivFresh Dental Gel as an adjunct to ScRP in patients with Stage II and III periodontitis. Twenty-one participants were assigned to either a test group using LivFresh Dental Gel or a control group using a standard sodium fluoride dentifrice. Clinical parameters—including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP)—were assessed at baseline, 30, 90, and 180 days. The …
Identifying The Neurobiological Substrates Of Gulf War Illness, Chloe Lisette Jones
Identifying The Neurobiological Substrates Of Gulf War Illness, Chloe Lisette Jones
All ETDs from UAB
Gulf War Illness (GWI) affects approximately 30% of veterans who served in the 1991 Persian Gulf War and is characterized by chronic pain and fatigue, as well as cognitive, mood, gastrointestinal, and respiratory symptoms. Animal research has suggested that GWI is caused by a combination of neurotoxicants such as nerve gas, anti-nerve agent pills, and pesticides, though a definitive pathophysiological model has not been established. In this human observational study, 20 veterans with GWI and 20 healthy Gulf War veterans (HV) underwent whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to non-invasively measure several metabolites associated with neuroinflammation. Whole blood was also collected …
A High-Salt Diet Modulates Renal Afferent Nerve Activity; Potential Role Of The Endothelin System, Jiaxi Shen
A High-Salt Diet Modulates Renal Afferent Nerve Activity; Potential Role Of The Endothelin System, Jiaxi Shen
All ETDs from UAB
Hypertension is a prevalent disease around the world. Increased blood pressure leads to a higher risk of stroke and coronary heart disease. Diet, lifestyle, and gene regulation are potential causative factors, and salt-sensitive hypertension is one common types of hypertension. In response to a high-salt diet, blood pressure may elevate with increasing risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endothelin-1, which binds to endothelin A (ETA) and B (ETB) receptors, is strongly involved in controlling the blood vessels and sensory nerve signaling pathway between the kidney and the central nervous system during high salt dietary challenge. The function of the ETB receptor …
Myelin Mapping In Psychosis, Victoria Lynn King
Myelin Mapping In Psychosis, Victoria Lynn King
All ETDs from UAB
It is well established that myelin in the central nervous system is an axonal insulator which speeds the conduction velocity of action potentials. However, its role in the cortex has also been shown to support metabolic demands and aid in cortical plasticity. Myelin develops throughout childhood and adolescence from sensorimotor areas to association areas and peaks during adolescence. Importantly, this is the same time that psychosis-spectrum disorders (PSDs) begin to present clinically; thus, given the critical role of myelination in shaping the mature cortex, disruptions in this process – particularly during adolescence – are thought to partially explain the onset …
Impact Of Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation On Corticostriatal Synaptic Function And Morphology, Charlotte Franziska Brzozowski
Impact Of Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation On Corticostriatal Synaptic Function And Morphology, Charlotte Franziska Brzozowski
All ETDs from UAB
Lewy Body Dementias (LBDs), including Parkinson’s Disease Dementia (PDD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), are defined by α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation in Lewy Pathology (LP). LP is abundant in cortical layer V intratelencephalic (IT) neurons, a subset of neurons that also degenerate in the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) in humans, which is homologous to the secondary motor cortex (M2) in mice, as observed in PD postmortem tissue. IT neuron projections to the striatum are an intrinsic part of the motor basal ganglia circuitry, believed to modulate cognitive aspects of executive motor control, such as updating motor plans. M2 projections to …
Turn On, Tune In, Drop Shame: Exploring The Unique Therapeutic Potential Of Psychedelics For Sexual And Gender Minority Populations, Nicholas Carlisle
Turn On, Tune In, Drop Shame: Exploring The Unique Therapeutic Potential Of Psychedelics For Sexual And Gender Minority Populations, Nicholas Carlisle
All ETDs from UAB
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals face significant disparities in mental and physical health compared to their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts, due in part to chronic exposure to distal and proximal minority stressors. Shame – a self-focused characterized by a global sense of personal deficiency or unworthiness – has emerged as a key intrapersonal mechanism linking minority stressors to adverse health outcomes. This dissertation explores the role of shame in SGM health inequities and investigates the emerging potential of psychedelics to reduce shame and improve health and wellbeing in these populations. This three-paper dissertation begins with a scoping review (Paper …
Amygdala Npy+ Interneurons Are Activated By Aversive Stim-Uli, Patric Perez
Amygdala Npy+ Interneurons Are Activated By Aversive Stim-Uli, Patric Perez
All ETDs from UAB
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) serves as a critical endogenous anxiolytic and stress-buffering molecule, yet the temporal and spatial dynamics of NPY+ cells during fear learning re-main unknown. Temporal dynamics can be measured with in vivo calcium imaging tech-niques, which enable real-time monitoring of cell-type-specific neural activity in freely behaving animals. Snapshots of neuronal activation can be measured using c-Fos im-munohistochemistry, thereby providing excellent spatial resolution. Here, I employ cut-ting-edge approaches to characterize the temporal and spatial activation patterns of NPY+ cells in amygdala, a key fear-regulating brain region negatively impacted by aversive events. I first used in vivo fiber photometry, together …
Understanding Psychotic Disorders Using Normative Modeling-Derived Individual-Level Brain Structural Abnormalities, Natalie Remiszewski
Understanding Psychotic Disorders Using Normative Modeling-Derived Individual-Level Brain Structural Abnormalities, Natalie Remiszewski
All ETDs from UAB
Psychosis is an heterogenous condition that occurs in many psychiatric disorders. It has a variable symptom presentation and recent initiatives have suggested that investigating the underlying neurobiology of psychiatric disorders rather than their symptomatology would provide a more accurate picture for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Grey matter has been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychosis and psychotic disorders, though significant natural variation due to age and sex have impeded the distinction of pathologically relevant grey matter abnormalities in psychosis. Additionally, case-control approaches to exploring grey matter abnormalities in psychotic disorders often obscure subtle variation in individuals. Here, we utilize a …
Strength Of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements To Shortened Zirconia Crowns With And Without An Additional Coat Of Adhesive, Abraham John
Strength Of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements To Shortened Zirconia Crowns With And Without An Additional Coat Of Adhesive, Abraham John
All ETDs from UAB
Self-adhesive cements have gained popularity due to their ease of manipulation as they do not require a separate etch, primer, or bonding agent to bond to the tooth or crown surfaces. However, the use of an adhesive bonding agent with a self-adhesive resin cement has been claimed to improve its bond strength. The objective of this study is to compare the retention bond strength of 2 self-adhesive cements on to the tooth surface with and without the use of bonding agents with a known control. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 extracted non-carious second premolar teeth were collected. The …
Murder On The Axonal Express: Synucleinopathy Disruption Of 14-3-3 Protein-Protein Interactions Impairs Axonal Trafficking, Frank Sanders Pair
Murder On The Axonal Express: Synucleinopathy Disruption Of 14-3-3 Protein-Protein Interactions Impairs Axonal Trafficking, Frank Sanders Pair
All ETDs from UAB
14-3-3s are a family of proteins highly expressed in the brain. These proteins exert their functions mainly through protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and have thousands of binding partners. 14-3-3s have been shown to be present in pro-teinaceous aggregates of alpha-synuclein (αsyn), a pathological hallmark of synucleinopathies. This includes such diseases as Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). 14-3-3 proteins, particularly the 14-3-3θ isoform, have been shown to be protective in multiple synucleinopathy models. However, reduced soluble levels of 14-3-3s and increased phosphorylation of 14-3-3θ at S232 observed in synucleinopathies like DLB may impair their protec-tive ability, potentially due …
Attitudes Of Optometrists Towards Referring Patients For Nutrition And Lifestyle Changes To Treat Diabetic Retinopathy And Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Samantha Chapman
Attitudes Of Optometrists Towards Referring Patients For Nutrition And Lifestyle Changes To Treat Diabetic Retinopathy And Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Samantha Chapman
All ETDs from UAB
Some ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, have direct links to systemic diseases or the condition of the body as a whole. Specific diet and lifestyle changes have been studied in relation to these two diseases and, while it is not within the scope of optometry to prescribe these changes for patients, an optometrist may refer to a variety of specialists so that patients can receive the most holistic care available. The primary goal of this study is to assess the attitudes of currently practicing United States optometrists towards referring to nutrition and lifestyle professionals and their …
Nmr-Based Metabolomic Profiling For Brain Cancer Diagnosis And Treatment Guidance, Julia R Zickus, José S Enriquez, Paytience Smith, Bill T Sun, Muxin Wang, Aldo Morales, Pratip K Bhattacharya, Shivanand Pudakalakatti
Nmr-Based Metabolomic Profiling For Brain Cancer Diagnosis And Treatment Guidance, Julia R Zickus, José S Enriquez, Paytience Smith, Bill T Sun, Muxin Wang, Aldo Morales, Pratip K Bhattacharya, Shivanand Pudakalakatti
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a routinely used analytical tool for studying chemical entities of varying molecular sizes, ranging from approximately 20 Da to ~45 kDa, and in some cases even larger. Over the past two decades, the use of NMR spectroscopy has significantly expanded to the study of metabolomics. In this medium-sized review, the application of NMR-based metabolomics in the diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and guidance of therapy for various types of brain cancer is discussed.
Ubiquitination-Targeted Therapies Improve Bmd Ipsc Myogenic Cell Engraftment And Dystrophin Expression In Vivo, Muchen Liu, Somik Chatterjee, Jianbo Wu, Zeinab Kashaniasl, Ashok Kumar, Chunru Lin, Radbod Darabi
Ubiquitination-Targeted Therapies Improve Bmd Ipsc Myogenic Cell Engraftment And Dystrophin Expression In Vivo, Muchen Liu, Somik Chatterjee, Jianbo Wu, Zeinab Kashaniasl, Ashok Kumar, Chunru Lin, Radbod Darabi
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is caused by in-frame mutations in dystrophin gene, leading to progressive muscle weakness, and cardiac and respiratory complications. Currently, there is no cure. We have recently identified the importance of poly-ubiquitination in regulating dystrophin stability through the binding of lncRNA H19 to the dystrophin C-terminal zinc-finger domain (ZNF), inhibiting TRIM63-mediated poly-ubiquitination. We also demonstrated that BMD mutations lead to conformational changes in ZNF domain, reduced lncRNA H19 binding and increased dystrophin ubiquitination. Here we used BMD iPSCs to investigate the in vitro myogenic potential of BMD myogenic cells, as well as in vitro and in vivo …
Complete Genome Sequence Of Actinomyces Oris Strain Mg-1: An Oral Commensal Critical For Dental Plaque Formation, Bibek G C, Kexin Tan, Chenggang Wu
Complete Genome Sequence Of Actinomyces Oris Strain Mg-1: An Oral Commensal Critical For Dental Plaque Formation, Bibek G C, Kexin Tan, Chenggang Wu
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
Actinomyces oris MG-1 is a key oral commensal involved in dental plaque formation. We report its complete genome sequence, generated using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequencing. The genome consists of a single circular chromosome of 3,042,829 bp, providing a resource for future functional studies.
Neuroengineering Approaches Assessing Structural And Functional Changes Of Motor Descending Pathways In Stroke, Jordan N Williamson, Rita Huan-Ting Peng, Joohwan Sung, Mahmood Rajabtabar Darvish, Xiaoxi Chen, Mehreen Ali, Sheng Li, Yuan Yang
Neuroengineering Approaches Assessing Structural And Functional Changes Of Motor Descending Pathways In Stroke, Jordan N Williamson, Rita Huan-Ting Peng, Joohwan Sung, Mahmood Rajabtabar Darvish, Xiaoxi Chen, Mehreen Ali, Sheng Li, Yuan Yang
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability worldwide, with approximately 101 million survivors globally. Over 60% of these individuals live with from long-term, often lifelong, movement impairments that significantly hinder their ability to perform essential daily activities and maintain independence. Post-stroke movement disabilities are highly associated with structural and functional changes in motor descending pathways, particularly the corticospinal tract and other indirect motor pathways via the brainstem. For decades, neuroengineers have been working to quantitively evaluate the post-stroke changes of motor descending pathways, aiming to establish a precision prognosis and tailoring treatments to post-stroke motor impairment. However, a clear …
Dilated Coronary Sinus Causing Left Ventricular Inflow Obstruction: Decision On Surgical Intervention, Hamood N. Al Kindi, Madan M. Maddali, Justin Tretter
Dilated Coronary Sinus Causing Left Ventricular Inflow Obstruction: Decision On Surgical Intervention, Hamood N. Al Kindi, Madan M. Maddali, Justin Tretter
Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal
Objectives: A significantly dilated coronary sinus causing left ventricular inflow obstruction presents a challenging dilemma during surgical repair of associated anomalies. We report a 5-month-old male infant was referred to a national heart centre in Muscat, Oman, in 2023 with a persistent left superior caval vein, dilated coronary sinus, partially anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and a large atrial septal defect, resulting in left ventricular inflow obstruction and low cardiac output. The dilated coronary sinus intensified a left-to-right shunt, leading to left ventricular underfilling and early heart failure symptoms. Although surgical correction was planned, direct intervention on the coronary sinus …
Neurotransmitter Signaling In Molecular And Behavioral Immune Responses To Pathogens In C Elegans, Benson Otarigho, Alejandro Aballay
Neurotransmitter Signaling In Molecular And Behavioral Immune Responses To Pathogens In C Elegans, Benson Otarigho, Alejandro Aballay
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
Neurotransmitter signaling pathways play major roles in both molecular and behavioral defenses against pathogen invasion, shaping the ability of Caenorhabditis elegans to sense and respond to environmental challenges. Given the conservation of neurotransmitter signaling pathways, their understanding may not only provide insights into the neurobiology of C. elegans but also has broader implications for our understanding of neural-immune interactions and host defense mechanisms in higher organisms. In this review, we discussed the literature on various neurotransmitter signaling pathways, including serotonergic, dopaminergic/octopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic pathways, and how these pathways modulate molecular and behavioral immune defense against pathogens.
The Colonic Crypt: Cellular Dynamics And Signaling Pathways In Homeostasis And Cancer, Anh L. Nguyen, Molly A. Lausten, Bruce M. Boman
The Colonic Crypt: Cellular Dynamics And Signaling Pathways In Homeostasis And Cancer, Anh L. Nguyen, Molly A. Lausten, Bruce M. Boman
College of Life Sciences Faculty Papers
The goal of this review is to expand our understanding of how the cellular organization of the normal colonic crypt is maintained and elucidate how this intricate architecture is disrupted during tumorigenesis. Additionally, it will focus on implications for new therapeutic strategies targeting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). The colonic crypt is a highly structured epithelial unit that functions in maintaining homeostasis through a complex physiological function of diverse cell types: SCs, transit-amplifying (TA) progenitors, goblet cells, absorptive colonocytes, Paneth-like cells, M cells, tuft cells, and enteroendocrine cells. These cellular subpopulations are spatially organized and regulated by multiple crucial signaling pathways, including …