Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Its Own Architect: Flipping Cardiolipin Synthase, Katsuhiro Sawasato, William Dowhan, Mikhail Bogdanov

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Current dogma assumes that lipid asymmetry in biological membranes is actively maintained and dispensable for cell viability. The inner (cytoplasmic) membrane (IM) of Escherichia coli is asymmetric. However, the molecular mechanism that maintains this uneven distribution is unknown. We engineered a conditionally lethal phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-deficient mutant in which the presence of cardiolipin (CL) on the periplasmic leaflet of the IM is essential for viability, revealing a mechanism that provides CL on the desired leaflet of the IM. CL synthase (ClsA) flips its catalytic cytoplasmic domain upon depletion of PE to supply nonbilayer-prone CL in the periplasmic leaflet of the IM …

Assessing The Availability Of Adaptive Exercise For Adults With Ambulatory Disability, Erin Cullather, Lauren R. Hersh

Cooper Rowan Medical Journal

Background: Adults with an ambulatory disability are at higher risk of obesity and sequalae from obesity than aged-matched adults without disability. Research shows adults with an ambulatory disability are less likely to participate in the recommended 150 minutes of physical activity per week than non-disabledadults. Availability ofadaptive exercise could help increase physical activity participation in adults with ambulatory disability.

Objective: This observational study examines the availability of adaptive exercise programs throughout the United States and determines how it relates to the population of adults with an ambulatory disability.

Methods: Adaptive exercise sites (n=268) were identified via internet searches to form …

Mate-Pair Sequencing Enables Identification And Delineation Of Balanced And Unbalanced Structural Variants In Prenatal Cytogenomic Diagnostics, Jicheng Qian, Huilin Wang, Hailei Liang, Yuting Zheng, Mingyang Yu, Wing Ting Tse, Angel Hoi Wan Kwan, Lo Wong, Natalie Kwun Long Wong, Isabella Yi Man Wah, So Ling Lau, Shuk Yi Annie Hui, Matthew Hoi Kin Chau, Xiaoyan Chen, Rui Zhang, Liona C Poon, Tak Yeung Leung, Pengfei Liu, Kwong Wai Choy, Zirui Dong

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Mate-pair sequencing detects both balanced and unbalanced structural variants (SVs) and simultaneously informs in relation to both genomic location and orientation of SVs for enhanced variant classification and clinical interpretation, while chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) only reports deletion/duplication. Herein, we evaluated its diagnostic utility in a prospective back-to-back prenatal comparative study with CMA.

Methods: From October 2021 to September 2023, 426 fetuses with ultrasound anomalies were prospectively recruited for mate-pair sequencing and CMA in parallel for prenatal genetic diagnosis. Balanced/unbalanced SVs and regions with absence of heterozygosity (AOH) were detected and classified independently, and comparisons were made between mate-pair …

Genomic Data And Privacy, Candace T Myers, Runjun D Kumar, Lisa Pilgram, Luca Bonomi, Mara Thomas, Obi L Griffith, Stephanie M Fullerton, Richard A Gibbs

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Rapid Viral Suppression Using Integrase Inhibitors During Acute Hiv-1 Infection, Mehri S Mckellar, Jessica R Keys, Lindsey M Filiatreau, Kara S Mcgee, Joann D Kuruc, Guido Ferrari, David M Margolis, Joseph J Eron, Charles B Hicks, Cynthia L Gay

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for all individuals with HIV infection, including those with acute HIV-1 infection (AHI). While recommendations are similar to those for chronic infection, efficacy data regarding treatment of acute HIV is limited.

METHODS: This was a single arm, 96-week study of a once-daily integrase inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimen using elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF) in AHI. Primary endpoint was proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/mL and <50 copies/mL by treatment weeks 24 and 48, respectively. We also examined time to viral suppression and weight gain after treatment initiation. Outcomes and characteristics were compared with a historical AHI cohort using a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen with efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV/FTC/TDF).

RESULTS: Thirty-three participants with AHI were enrolled with 31 available for analyses. Most were African American (61%) and men who have sex with men (73%). Median age was 26 (IQR 22-42). Demographics …

Multi Site Comparison Of Participant Profiles In The South Texas Alzheimer’S Disease Research Center, Jennifer G. Del Bosque, Chen-Pin Wang, Roman F. Fernandez, Jeremy A. Tanner, A. Campbell Sullivan, Sarah E. Savoia, Rosa V. Pirela, Silvia Mejia-Arango, Gladys Maestre, Sudha Seshadri

School of Medicine Publications

Background

Hispanic adults comprise 19% of the US population, yet 400% increase in ADRDs in this population is anticipated over the next twenty-five years. Knowledge is limited on the prevalence and influence of social determinants of health (SDoH) and modifiable risk factors on cognition in ethnically diverse groups. The South Texas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (STAC, P30AG066546) is a collaboration between UT Health San Antonio (UTHSA) and UT Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV) with a primary aim to better understand ADRDs in Hispanic adults. Our objective is (1) to describe differences in SDoH, modifiable risk factors, and cognitive performance in cognitively …

A Propofol Binding Site In The Voltage Sensor Domain Mediates Inhibition Of Hcn1 Channel Activity, Verena Burtscher, Lei Wang, John Cowgill, Zi-Wei Chen, Christopher Edge, Edward Smith, Yongchang Chang, Lucie Delemotte, Alex S Evers, Baron Chanda

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels are members of the cyclic nucleotide-binding family and are crucial for regulating cellular automaticity in many excitable cells. HCN channel activation contributes to pain perception, and propofol, a widely used anesthetic, acts as an analgesic by inhibiting the voltage-dependent activity of HCN channels. However, the molecular determinants of propofol action on HCN channels remain unknown. Here, we use a propofol-analog photoaffinity labeling reagent to identify propofol binding sites in the human HCN1 isoform. Mass spectrometry analyses combined with molecular dynamics simulations show that a binding pocket is formed by extracellularly facing residues in …

Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; Is It Possible To Predict Its Outcome?, Hala Mounir Agha, Ranya Hegazy, Ahmed Gamal, Ranya Essam, Antoine Abd Elmessih, Ahmed Behairy, Nagib Dahdah, Ahmed Abdelwahed, Nesrine Sobhy, Noha Ali

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Objectives: to assess the outcome of pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and to identify the predictors of morbidity and mortality of this progressive disease. Patients and methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted on consecutive pediatric patients with PAH. Medical history was taken with a grading of the WHO functional class as well as the serum N-terminal pro-BNP (NT pro-BNP), six minutes’ walk test (6MWT), and echocardiography at the initial assessment and at follow-up. Results: The cohort study included 71 patients; 39 patients had idiopathic and heritable PAH, 27 patients had PH secondary to CHD and five patients had …

The Postpartum Wellness Survey: Exploring The Role Of Social Determinants In The Diet–Depression Link, Ashley G. Brown

Department of Nutrition Student Projects

Postpartum mental health is a critical, yet both clinically and socially underrecognized, component of maternal care. Postpartum depression (PPD) affects up to 1 in 7 mothers and significantly impacts both maternal and family well-being. The Postpartum Wellness Survey (PWS) was developed to assess the interconnected relationships among dietary quality and nutrition knowledge, postpartum mood and emotional health, and social determinants of health (SDOH). Twenty-four participants within 12 months of delivery completed the survey, which integrated validated psychological and dietary assessment tools to capture community-level patterns in postpartum wellness. Composite scores across three PWS domains – Postpartum Mood and Emotional Health, …

Differential Microbial Community Assembly Following Co-Housing Versus Microbiota Transplant, James S Weagley, Luis Alberto Chica Cárdenas, Ana Romani, Meagan E Sullender, Somya Aggarwal, Heyde Makimaa, Michael P Hogarty, Rachel Rodgers, Elizabeth A Kennedy, Lynne Foster, Lawrence A Schriefer, Megan T Baldridge

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Mouse models are vital tools for discerning the relative contributions of host and microbial genetics to disease, often requiring the transfer of microbiota between different mouse strains. Transfer methods include antibiotic treatment of recipients and colonization using either co-housing with donors or the transplantation of faecal or caecal donor material. However, the efficiency and dynamics of these methods in reconstituting recipients with donor microbes is not well understood. We thus directly compared co-housing, faecal transplantation, and caecal transplantation methods. Donor mice from Taconic Biosciences, possessing distinct microbial communities, served as the microbial source for recipient mice from Jackson Laboratories, which …

Atrx Silences Cartpt Expression In Osteoblastic Cells During Skeletal Development, Yi-Ting Chen, Ming-Ming Jiang, Carolina Leynes, Mary Adeyeye, Camilla F Majano, Barakat Ibrahim, Urszula Polak, George Hung, Zixue Jin, Denise G Lanza, Lan Liao, Brian Dawson, Yuqing Chen-Evenson, Oscar E Ruiz, Richard J Gibbons, Jason D Heaney, Yangjin Bae, Brendan Lee

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein ATRX is an essential regulator involved in maintenance of DNA structure and chromatin state and regulation of gene expression during development. ATRX was originally identified as the monogenic cause of X-linked α-thalassemia mental retardation (ATR-X) syndrome. Affected individuals display a variety of developmental abnormalities and skeletal deformities. Studies from others investigated the role of ATRX in skeletal development by tissue-specific Atrx knockout. However, the impact of ATRX during early skeletal development has not been examined. Using preosteoblast-specific Atrx conditional knockout mice, we observed increased trabecular bone mass and decreased osteoclast number in bone. In vitro coculture …

Two-Hit Mouse Model Of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Combining Diet-Induced Obesity And Renin-Mediated Hypertension, Justin H Berger, Xian Chen, Attila Kovacs, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly common but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The ability to assess genetic and pharmacologic interventions is hampered by the lack of robust preclinical mouse models of HFpEF. We developed a novel "two-hit" model, which combines obesity and insulin resistance with chronic pressure overload to recapitulate clinical features of HFpEF. C57Bl6/NJ mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for > 10 weeks were administered an AAV8-driven vector resulting in constitutive overexpression of mouse Renin1d. HFD-Renin (aka "HFpEF") mice demonstrated obesity and insulin resistance, moderate left ventricular hypertrophy, preserved systolic function, and diastolic dysfunction indicated …

Metabolism Of Co And H2 By Pioneer Bacteria In Volcanic Soils And The Phyllosphere, Nicola Fantom, Robin A. Dawson Phd, Rn, Cpnp-Pc, Edina Prondvai, Philippe Constant, Gary M. King, Hendrik Schäfer, Marcela Hernández

Publications

Trace gas degradation is a widespread metabolic adaptation in microbial communities, driving chemosynthesis and providing auxiliary energy that enhances persistence during nutrient starvation. In particular, carbon monoxide and hydrogen degradation can be of crucial importance for pioneering microbial communities colonising new, oligotrophic environmental niches, such as fresh volcanic deposits or the aerial interface of the phyllosphere. After volcanic eruptions, trace gas metabolism helps pioneer colonisers to initiate soil formation in ash deposits and on recently solidified lava, a vital ecosystem service. Similarly, in the phyllosphere, bacteria colonising newly emerging leaves and shoots, and/or persisting on the oligotrophic surface of plants, …

Multiparametric Mri Along With Machine Learning Predicts Prognosis And Treatment Response In Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma, Anahita Fathi Kazerooni, Adam Kraya, Komal Rathi, Meen Chul Kim, Arastoo Vossough, Nastaran Khalili, Ariana Familiar, Deep Gandhi, Neda Khalili, Varun Kesherwani, Debanjan Haldar, Hannah Anderson, Run Jin, Aria Mahtabfar, Sina Bagheri, Yiran Guo, Qi Li, Xiaoyan Huang, Yuankun Zhu, Alex Sickler, Matthew R Lueder, Saksham Phul, Mateusz Koptyra, Phillip Storm, Jeffrey Ware, Yuanquan Song, Christos Davatzikos, Jessica Foster, Sabine Mueller, Michael J Fisher, Adam Resnick, Ali Nabavizadeh

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) exhibit heterogeneous prognoses and variable responses to treatment, leading to tumor progression and adverse outcomes in cases where complete resection is unachievable. Early prediction of treatment responsiveness and suitability for immunotherapy has the potential to improve clinical management and outcomes. Here, we present a radiogenomic analysis of pLGGs, integrating MRI and RNA sequencing data. We identify three immunologically distinct clusters, with one group characterized by increased immune activity and poorer prognosis, indicating potential benefit from immunotherapies. We develop a radiomic signature that predicts these immune profiles with over 80% accuracy. Furthermore, our clinicoradiomic model predicts progression-free …

Pivotal Roles Of Biglycan And Decorin In Regulating Bone Mass, Water Retention, And Bone Toughness, Rui Hua, Yan Han, Qingwen Ni, Roberto J. Fajardo, Renato V. Iozzo, Rafay Ahmed, Jeffry S. Nyman, Xiaodu Wang, Jean X. Jiang

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Proteoglycans, key components of non-collagenous proteins in the bone matrix, attract water through their negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains. Among these proteoglycans, biglycan (Bgn) and decorin (Dcn) are major subtypes, yet their distinct roles in bone remain largely elusive. In this study, we utilized single knockout (KO) mouse models and successfully generated double KO (dKO) models despite challenges with low yield. Bgn deficiency, but not Dcn deficiency, decreased trabecular bone mass, with more pronounced bone loss in dKO mice. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance measurements showed a marked decrease in bound water among all KO groups, especially in Bgn KO and dKO …

Novel Computational And Artificial Intelligence Models In Cancer Research, Li Liu, Fuhai Li, Xiaoming Liu, Kai Wang, Zhongming Zhao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The ICIBM 2023 marked the 11th annual conference of its kind, with the ICIBM recently becoming the official conference of the International Association for Intelligent Biology and Medicine (IAIBM), showcasing cutting-edge advancements at the intersection of computation and biomedical research. A summary of the ICIBM 2023 program is provided by Li et al. [1]. As in previous years, cancer research remained a prominent focus, with numerous presentations highlighting innovative approaches to understanding and treating this complex disease. To summarize these contributions, selected works have been compiled in this Special Issue, “Novel Computational and Artificial Intelligence Models in Cancer …

Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Black Women In The Us, Brittany C Slatton, Farrah G Cambrice, Serwaa S Omowale

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black women is a critical public health concern, potentially exacerbating existing health disparities and impacting community-wide vaccination efforts.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black women in the US and identify the specific concerns and experiences shaping hesitant attitudes toward vaccination.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Qualitative study using in-depth, semistructured interviews conducted virtually between June and November 2021. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes from the interview data. Participants were recruited through social media platforms and word-of-mouth referrals from various regions of the US. Interviews were conducted remotely …

Nls-Binding Deficient Kapβ2 Reduces Neurotoxicity Via Selective Interaction With C9orf72-Als/Ftd Dipeptide Repeats, Kevin Kim, Amandeep Girdhar, Maria Elena Cicardi, V. Kankate, Miyuki Hayashi, Ruoyu Yang, Jenny Carey, Charlotte M Fare, James Shorter, Gino Cingolani, Davide Trotti, Lin Guo

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Arginine-rich dipeptide repeat proteins (R-DPRs) are highly toxic proteins found in patients with C9orf72-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (C9-ALS/FTD). R-DPRs can cause toxicity by disrupting the natural phase behavior of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Mitigating this abnormal phase behavior is, therefore, crucial to reduce R-DPR-induced toxicity. Here, we use FUS as a model RBP to investigate the mechanism of R-DPR-induced aberrant RBP phase transition. We find that this phase transition can be mitigated by Kapβ2. However, as a nuclear import receptor and phase modifier for PY-NLS-containing RBPs, the function of WT Kapβ2 could lead to undesired interaction with its …

Enhanced Motivated Behavior Mediated By Pharmacological Targeting Of The Fgf14/Nav16 Complex In Nucleus Accumbens Neurons, Nolan M Dvorak, Paul A Wadsworth, Guillermo Aquino-Miranda, Pingyuan Wang, Douglas S Engelke, Jingheng Zhou, Nghi Nguyen, Aditya K Singh, Giuseppe Aceto, Zahra Haghighijoo, Isabella I Smith, Nana Goode, Mingxiang Zhou, Yosef Avchalumov, Evan P Troendle, Cynthia M Tapia, Haiying Chen, Reid T Powell, Timothy J Baumgartner, Jully Singh, Leandra Koff, Jessica Di Re, Ann E Wadsworth, Mate Marosi, Marc R Azar, Kristina Elias, Paul Lehmann, Yorkiris M Mármol Contreras, Poonam Shah, Hector Gutierrez, Thomas A Green, Martin B Ulmschneider, Marcello D'Ascenzo, Clifford Stephan, Guohong Cui, Fabricio H Do Monte, Jia Zhou, Fernanda Laezza

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Protein/protein interactions (PPI) play crucial roles in neuronal functions. Yet, their potential as drug targets for brain disorders remains underexplored. The fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14)/voltage-gated Na+ channel 1.6 (Nav1.6) complex regulates excitability of medium spiny neurons (MSN) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a central hub of reward circuitry that controls motivated behaviors. Here, we identified compound 1028 (IUPAC: ethyl 3-(2-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)acetamido)benzoate), a brain-permeable small molecule that targets FGF14R117, a critical residue located within a druggable pocket at the FGF14/Nav1.6 PPI interface. We found that 1028 modulates FGF14/Nav1.6 complex assembly and depolarizes the voltage-dependence of Nav1.6 channel inactivation with …

Dexamethasone Dose Intensity Does Not Impact Outcomes In Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Secondary Swog Analysis, Rahul Banerjee, Rachael Sexton, Andrew J Cowan, Aaron S Rosenberg, Sikander Ailawadhi, S Vincent Rajkumar, Shaji Kumar, Angela Dispenzieri, Sagar Lonial, Brian G M Durie, Paul G Richardson, Saad Z Usmani, Antje Hoering, Robert Z Orlowski

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Dexamethasone is a key component of induction for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), despite common toxicities, including hyperglycemia and insomnia. In the randomized ECOG E4A03 trial, dexamethasone 40 mg once weekly was associated with lower mortality than higher doses. However, the performance of dexamethasone dose reductions below this threshold with regard to progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in NDMM has not been fully characterized. We conducted a secondary pooled analysis of the SWOG 0777 and SWOG 1211 studies of NDMM, which used lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) alone, with or without bortezomib, and with or without elotuzumab. The planned …

Adverse Prehospital Events And Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury, Amelia W Maiga, Hsing-Hua Sylvia Lin, Stephen R Wisniewski, Joshua B Brown, Ernest E Moore, Martin A Schreiber, Bellal Joseph, Chad T Wilson, Bryan A Cotton, Daniel G Ostermayer, Brian G Harbrecht, Mayur B Patel, Jason L Sperry, Francis X Guyette, Henry E Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: While national guidelines recommend avoidance of hypoxia, hypotension, and hypocarbia in the prehospital care of traumatic brain injury (TBI), limited data validate the association of these adverse physiologic events with TBI outcomes.

Objective: To validate the associations of prehospital hypoxia, hypotension, and hypocarbia with TBI outcomes in a US national trauma network.

Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study examined data from 8 level I trauma centers and their affiliated ground and air emergency medical services (EMS) agencies in the Linking Investigations in Trauma and Emergency Services (LITES) Network from January 1, 2017, to June 30, 2021. Adult patients …

The Role Of Iowa Gambling Task Performance In Response To Citalopram Treatment For Cocaine Use Disorder, Constanza De Dios, Robert Suchting, Charles E Green, Heather E Webber, F Gerard Moeller, Scott D Lane, Joy Schmitz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background:

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is associated with executive functioning impairments linked to serotonergic function. Previous studies reported efficacy with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram in reducing cocaine use.

Objectives:

The current study explored moderation and mediation of citalopram effects on cocaine use by performance across executive function domains.

Methods:

We conducted a secondary analysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized Bayesian adaptive trial investigating citalopram efficacy in CUD treatment-seeking adults. At baseline and mid-treatment, participants completed assessments of decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task; IGT), attention, response inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. Outcomes were longest duration of abstinence (LDA; count of consecutive …

Nucleus-Translocated Gclm Promotes Chemoresistance In Colorectal Cancer Through A Moonlighting Function, Jin-Fei Lin, Ze-Xian Liu, Dong-Liang Chen, Ren-Ze Huang, Fen Cao, Kai Yu, Ting Li, Hai-Yu Mo, Hui Sheng, Zhi-Bing Liang, Kun Liao, Yi Han, Shan-Shan Li, Zhao-Lei Zeng, Song Gao, Huai-Qiang Ju, Rui-Hua Xu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Metabolic enzymes perform moonlighting functions during tumor progression, including the modulation of chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanisms of these functions remain elusive. Here, utilizing a metabolic clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 knockout library screen, we observe that the loss of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis, noticeably increases the sensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to platinum-based chemotherapy. Mechanistically, we unveil a noncanonical mechanism through which nuclear GCLM competitively interacts with NF-kappa-B (NF-κB)-repressing factor (NKRF), to promote NF-κB activity and facilitate chemoresistance. In response to platinum drug treatment, GCLM is phosphorylated by P38 …

Cardiovascular Disease And Breast Cancer Stage At Diagnosi\S, Ivan Angelov, Allen M Haas, Elizabeth Brock, Lingfeng Luo, Jing Zhao, Benjamin D Smith, Sharon H Giordano, Nicholas J Leeper, Kevin T Nead

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the leading causes of mortality in the US. Large-scale population-based and mechanistic studies support a direct effect of CVD on accelerated tumor growth and spread, specifically in breast cancer.

Objective: To assess whether individuals presenting with advanced breast cancers are more likely to have prevalent CVD compared with those with early-stage breast cancers at the time of diagnosis.

Design, setting, and participants: This population-based case-control study used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked databases from 2009 to 2020. The analysis was completed from May 2023 to August 2024. Participants were …

Optimizing Electrode Configurations For Eeg Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection, Yi Jiang, Xin Zhang, Zhiwei Guo, Xiaobo Zhou, Jiayuan He, Ning Jiang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The Optimal electrode configuration of Electroencephalograms (EEG) systems for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) detection and monitoring in non-clinical settings, i.e. number of electrodes and the positions of the electrodes, remains to be explored. In the current study, we explored the optimization of electrode configuration for MCI detection. We used a 32-channel EEG device to record the data of 21 MCI patients and 20 cognitively normal elderly (NC) undergoing working memory (WM) tasks. Based on the differential value (MCI group vs. NC group) from the Power Spectral Density (PSD) value of each electrode in θ and α frequency band during WM …

Relationship Between Fluid Intake, Hydration Status And Cortisol Dynamics In Healthy, Young Adult Males, Mitchell E. Zaplatosch, Laurie Wideman, Jessica Mcneil, Jesse Sims, William M. Adams

Faculty Articles

Background: Previous studies have identified links between fluid intake, hydration related hormones and cortisol measured at one timepoint but have not considered how hydration may influence cortisol dynamics throughout the day. This study assessed associations between hydration status (copeptin, urinary osmolality, urine volume) and habitual fluid intake with cortisol dynamics.

Methods: The day before (DB) a 6-h laboratory visit, 29 male participants (age, 23±4y; BMI, 25.5 ± 4.3 kg/m2; body fat, 17.3 ± 9.3 %) provided 24-h urine samples and a fasted blood sample for hydration status assessment, recorded their 24-h fluid intake for three days prior, and provided 10 …

A Single-Cell Compendium Of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Identifies Disease-Associated Immune Cell Populations, Claudia Cantoni, Roman A. Smirnov, Maria Firulyova, Prabhakar S. Andhey, Tara R. Bradstreet, Ekaterina Esaulova, Marina Terekhova, Elizabeth A. Schwarzkopf, Nada M. Abdalla, Maksim Kleverov, Anne H. Cross, Maxim N. Artyomov, Brian T. Edelson, Gregory F. Wu, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Single-cell transcriptomics applied to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for elucidating the pathophysiology of neurologic diseases has produced only a preliminary characterization of CSF immune cells. CSF derives from and borders central nervous system (CNS) tissue, allowing for comprehensive accounting of cell types along with their relative abundance and immunologic profiles relevant to CNS diseases. Using integration techniques applied to publicly available datasets in combination with our own studies, we generated a compendium with 139 subjects encompassing 135 CSF and 58 blood samples. Healthy subjects and individuals across a wide range of diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, …

Are We Underestimating Exposures From Norm Dust?, Gregory S. Hewson, Martin Ian Ralph, Marcus Cattani

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The inhalation of dust containing naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) associated with mining and mineral processing operations may lead to potential long-term health impacts, including cancer and chronic lung disease, due to alpha particle-emitting radionuclides. This study evaluates the effectiveness of air sampling strategies used to estimate radiation doses from NORM exposure, with a focus on the Western Australian minerals industry. The objectives were to review current sampling and analysis protocols, identify factors contributing to over- or underestimation of dose, and propose adjustments to improve intake assessments. A review of research and guidelines applicable to NORM dust exposure was conducted, …

Utility Of Candidate Genes From An Algorithm Designed To Predict Genetic Risk For Opioid Use Disorder, Christal N Davis, Alexander S Hatoum, Arpana Agrawal, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration gave premarketing approval to an algorithm based on its purported ability to identify individuals at genetic risk for opioid use disorder (OUD). However, the clinical utility of the candidate genetic variants included in the algorithm has not been independently demonstrated.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of 15 genetic variants from an algorithm intended to predict OUD risk.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This case-control study examined the association of 15 candidate genetic variants with risk of OUD using electronic health record data from December 20, 1992, to September 30, 2022. Electronic health record …

Immunologic Investigations Into Transgene Directed Immune-Mediated Myositis Following Delandistrogene Moxeparvovec Gene Therapy, Rachael A Potter, Ida H Moeller, Sohrab Khan, Hélène Haegel, Andreas Hollenstein, Guido Steiner, Christoph Wandel, Alexander P Murphy, Damon R Asher, Emanuel Palatinsky, Danielle A Griffin, Stefanie Mason, Susan T Iannaccone, Craig M Zaidman, Louise R Rodino-Klapac

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Delandistrogene moxeparvovec is an rAAVrh74 vector-based gene transfer therapy that delivers a transgene encoding delandistrogene moxeparvovec micro-dystrophin, an engineered, functional form of dystrophin shown to stabilize or slow disease progression in DMD. It is approved in the US and in other select countries. Two serious adverse event cases of immune-mediated myositis (IMM) were reported in the phase Ib ENDEAVOR trial (NCT04626674). We hypothesized that immune responses to the micro-dystrophin transgene product may have mediated these IMM events. An interferon-gamma ELISpot assay was used to detect T cell responses to delandistrogene moxeparvovec micro-dystrophin peptide pools. ELISpot analysis suggested that IMM resulted …