Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Unmasking Molecular Mechanisms Of Multiple Maladies Through Multiomic Methodologies, Luke Potter

All ETDs from UAB

Much modern biomedical research is invested in determining causative molecular mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutics within human disease or injury. Traditional experiments such as over-expressing or “knocking out” the level of a gene’s abundance can determine the specific contribution of a single gene to a pathology and are a vital component of scientific research. However, taking a big picture approach through the application of ‘omics technologies can lead to a broader overall understanding of a pathology and can potentially generate numerous specific hypotheses to be tested using the more traditional molecular approaches. In this dissertation, transcriptomic and epigenomic technologies, measuring …

Physical And Optical Properties Of Material Used For Injection Molding, Nadia Christine Farias Machado

All ETDs from UAB

Background: This project investigates the materials used in injection molding dental resin composites which involves injecting flowable composite into a clear mold. Understanding the physical and optical properties of both the resin composite and the clear mold material is crucial for successful clinical outcomes. For the clear mold material, its translucency, curing light transmission, and rigidity are vital factors. Correlations may be present between trans-lucency and curing light transmission. For the resin composite, comparing wear, hardness, translucency, radiopacity, shrinkage stress, flexural strength, and modulus will affect mate-rial performance. Finally, the depth of cure of the material will be dependent on …

Aadej Comm 10 1 2024

AADEJ - The Communicator

The Communicator is the official journal of the American Association of Dental Editors and Journalists (AADEJ). It is published quarterly, distributed digitally via email to members, and posted on the Association's website, AADEJ.org. Each issue includes regular updates from the editorial team and AADEJ board, as well as feature articles on current issues in the field.

Aadej Comm 10 3 2024

AADEJ - The Communicator

The Communicator is the official journal of the American Association of Dental Editors and Journalists (AADEJ). It is published quarterly, distributed digitally via email to members, and posted on the Association's website, AADEJ.org. Each issue includes regular updates from the editorial team and AADEJ board, as well as feature articles on current issues in the field.

Aadej Comm 10 4 2024

AADEJ - The Communicator

The Communicator is the official journal of the American Association of Dental Editors and Journalists (AADEJ). It is published quarterly, distributed digitally via email to members, and posted on the Association's website, AADEJ.org. Each issue includes regular updates from the editorial team and AADEJ board, as well as feature articles on current issues in the field.

Assessing The Acceptability And Effectiveness Of A Novel Therapeutic Footwear In Reducing Foot Pain And Improving Function Among Older Adults: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial, M G Finco, Abderrahman Ouattas, Nesreen El-Refaei, Anmol Salim Momin, Mehrnaz Azarian, Bijan Najafi

Center on Aging Staff Publications

Introduction: Nearly, a quarter of older adults suffer from frequent foot pain, impacting their quality of life. While proper footwear can alleviate this, design issues often hinder regular use. This study evaluated novel therapeutic footwear, designed for aesthetics and custom fit, to reduce foot pain. We hypothesized that older adults would experience less foot pain and favor the new footwear over their own.

Methods: This 12-week crossover randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of OrthoFeet therapeutic footwear on reducing foot pain in older adults (n = 50, age = 65 ± 5, 18% male) with moderate to severe pain. Participants …

The Influence Of Intensive Treatment In A Cohort Model On Psychosocial Well-Being Of Patients With Aphasia: An Investigation Of Patients’ Quality Of Life Across Three Service Delivery Models, Helena Riley

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Aphasia, a common communication disorder following a stroke, significantly impacts psychosocial wellbeing and quality of life. Despite advancements in rehabilitation frameworks, traditional impairment-based interventions prevail, leaving gaps in addressing holistic needs. This study aims to compare patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) between intensive comprehensive aphasia programs (ICAP), modified ICAPs (mICAPs) and individual usual care (UC) service delivery models for aphasia intervention. Eighteen participants with aphasia were broadly recruited for this study. Each completed a series of PROMs pre-and post-treatment examining psychosocial wellbeing, communicative participation, and health related quality of life. Results indicate that intensive programs show potential for greater gains in …

Fast-Track To The Frontline: Evaluating A Surgical Technology Program’S Response To A Workforce Shortage, Jill Theresa Davis

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

As the demand for Certified Surgical Technologists (CSTs) continues to grow, traditional educational pathways struggle to meet the urgent workforce needs within the healthcare sector. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of a pilot fast-track surgical technology program implemented at Missoula College, designed to expedite the training of surgical technologists while maintaining high educational standards. Employing a mixed-methods research approach, this study assesses both the quantitative outcomes and qualitative experiences of participants in the fast-track program compared to traditional pathways. Key findings indicate that the fast-track program not only reduces the time required for training but also adequately prepares students …

Understanding Disparities In Hypertension Treatment Cascade And Validating Blood Pressure Measurement Among Persons Living With Or At Risk For Hiv, Jessica Blair

All ETDs from UAB

In the United States, 44% of adult women >18 years have hypertension. Although non-Hispanic Black adults were more likely to be aware of and treated for hypertension compared to non-Hispanic White adults, Black individuals had the highest prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension. Persons living with HIV have a higher prevalence of hypertension, which is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Similar to the geographic distribution of hypertension in the US, people living in the South have higher incidence of both hypertension and HIV diagnoses compared to other US regions. Furthermore, accurate diagnosis of hypertension and initiation of treatment is …

2024 Canadian Surgery Forum: Sept. 25-28, 2024., Christine Li, Michael Guo, Ahmer Karimuddin, Michael Guo, Christine Li, Ahmer Karimuddin, Jason Sutherland, Bright Huo, Tyler Mckechnie, Monica Ortenzi, Yung Lee, Stavros Antoniou, Julio Mayol, Hassaan Ahmed, Vanessa Boudreau, Karim Ramji, Cagla Eskicioglu, Pieter De Jager, David Urbach, Meredith Poole, Aghiles Abbad, Hussain Al-Shamali, Zainab Al-Faraj, Chuck Wen, Radu Pescarus, Robert Bechara, Dennis Hong, Lily J Park, Maura Marcucci, Sandra Ofori, Jessica Bogach, Pablo E Serrano, Marko Simunovic, Ilun Yang, Margherita Cadeddu, Michael J Marcaccio, Flavia K Borges, Rahima Nenshi, P J Devereaux, Peter Urbanellis, Joanne Douglas, Evan Nemeth, James Ellsmere, Richard Spence, Joshua Cunningham, Ryan Falk, Tom Skinner, Nicole Ebert, Lauren Galbraith, Mark Prins, Shahrzad Joharifard, Emilie Joos, Adele Orovec, Lynn Lethbridge, Richard Spence, Marius Hoogerboord, Heather Stuart, Anne-Marie Bergeron, Ilun Yang, Jessica Bogach, Laura Nguyen, Clare Reade, Lua Eiriksson, Michelle Morais, Gillian Hanley, Sarah Mah, Karanbir Brar, Keri A Seymour, Shaina R Eckhouse, Ranjan Sudan, Jacob A Greenberg, Dana Portenier, James J Jung, Anne Light, Brittany Dingley, Megan Delisle, Sameer Apte, Ranjeeta Mallick, Trevor Hamilton, Heather Stuart, Martha Talbot, Gregory Mckinnon, Evan Jost, Eve Thiboutot, Carolyn Nessim, Neha Katote, Ashley Drohan, Richard Spence, Katerina Neumann, Ge Shi, Regina Leung, Christina Lim, Matthew Van Oirschot, Aaron Grant, Sarah Knowles, Julie Ann Van Koughnett, Karine Brousseau, Leah Monette, Daniel Mcisaac, Christopher Wherrett, Ranjeeta Mallick, Aklile Workneh, Tim Ramsay, Alan Tinmouth, Julie Shaw, François Martin Carrier, Dean Fergusson, Guillaume Martel, Matthew Cornacchia, Victoria Ivankovic, Shahad Abdulkhaleq Mamalchi, Dexter Choi, Peter Glen, Maher Matar, Fady Balaa, Natasha Caminsky, Sarah Mashal, Nathalie Boulanger, Larry Watt, Jonathon Campbell, Jeremy Grushka, Paola Fata, Evan Wong, Michael Guo, Ahmer Karimuddin, Jason Sutherland, Christine Li, Wenjie Lin, Ahmer Karimuddin, Bright Huo, Elisa Calabrese, Sunjay Kumar, Bethany Slater, Danielle S Walsh, Wesley Vosburg, Uzair Jogiat, Simon Turner, Vickie Baracos, Dean Eurich, Heather Filafilo, Eric Bedard, Sam Khan, Tom Waddell, Kazuhiro Yasufuku, Andrew Pierre, Shaf Keshavjee, Elliot Wakeam, Laura Donahoe, Marcelo Cypel, Najib Safieddine, Michael Ko, Natasha Leighl, Jamie Feng, Jonathan Yeung, Marc De Perrot, Alexandra Salvarrey, Negar Ahmadi, Carmine Simone, Gazala Sayf, David Parente, Victoria Cheung, Mary R Rabey, Michael Cabanero, Lisa W Le, Christodoulos Pipinikas, Amber Chevalier, Richard Chaulk, David Sahai, Richard Malthaner, Mehdi Qiabi, Dalilah Fortin, Richard Inculet, Rahul Nayak, John Campbell, Peter White, Adam Bograd, Alexander Farivar, Brian Louie, Geraint Berger, Daniel French, Simon Houston, Flyn Gallardo, Bryce Macek, Richard Liu, Biniam Kidane, Nader M Hanna, Yogita S Patel, Ikennah Browne, Esther Provost, Forough Farrokhyar, Ehsan Haider, Waël C Hanna, Garrett Johnson, George Okoli, Nicole Askin, Ahmed Abou-Setta, Harminder Singh, Alexandra Coxon-Meggy, Julie Cornish, Lars Icat Study Management Group, Sahil Sharma, Jigish Khamar, Jo-Anne Petropolous, Amandeep Ghuman, Wenjie Lin, Christine Li, Carl Brown, Terry Phang, Manoj Raval, Amandeep Ghuman, Elizabeth Clement, Ahmer Karimuddin, Tyler Mckechnie, Jigish Khamar, Christopher Chu, Amin Hatamnejad, Ghazal Jessani, Yung Lee, Aristithes Doumouras, Dennis Hong, Cagla Eskicioglu, Giancarlo Sticca, Madeleine Poirier, Jean-François Tremblay, Jean-François Latulippe, Yves Bendavid, Jean-Sébastien Trépanier, Ariane Lacaille-Ranger, Margaret Henri, Tyler Mckechnie, Tania Kazi, Victoria Shi, Shan Grewal, Ahmed Aldarraji, Kelly Brennan, Sunil Patel, Nalin Amin, Aristithes Doumouras, Sameer Parpia, Cagla Eskicioglu, Mohit Bhandari, Gaurav Talwar, Tyler Mckechnie, Jigish Khamar, Luke Heimann, Swati Anant, Cagla Eskicioglu, Victoria Shi, Tyler Mckechnie, Swati Anant, Moeiz Ahmed, Sahil Sharma, Gaurav Talwar, Dennis Hong, Cagla Eskicioglu, Tania Kazi, Tyler Mckechnie, Yung Lee, Rehab Alsayari, Gaurav Talwar, Aristithes Doumouras, Dennis Hong, Cagla Eskicioglu, Lily J Park, Husein Moloo, Tim Ramsay, Kednapa Thavorn, Justin Presseau, Terry Zwiep, Guillaume Martel, P J Devereaux, Robert Talarico, Daniel I Mcisaac, Madeline Lemke, Wenjie Lin, Carl Brown, Elizabeth Clement, Anu Ghuman, Terry Phang, Manoj Raval, Ahmer Karimuddin, Christine Li, Wenjie Lin, Elizabeth Clement, Amandeep Ghuman, Cameron Hague, Ahmer Karimuddin, P Terry Phang, Manoj Raval, Pari Tiwari, Patrick Vos, Carl Brown, Alessandro Ricci, Ameer Farooq, Sunil Patel, Kelly Brennan, Vanessa Wiseman, Tyler Mckechnie, Allison Keeping, Paul Johnson, Heidi Bentley, Karim Messak, Jessica Bogach, Gregory Pond, Shawn Forbes, Vanja Grubac, Scott Tsai, Christian Van Der Pol, Marko Simunovic, Adom Bondzi-Simpson, Ramy Behman, Tiago Ribeiro, Sheron Perera, Aisha Lofters, Rinku Sutradhar, Rebecca Snyder, Callisia Clarke, Natalie Coburn, Julie Hallet, Natasha Caminsky, Alex Chen, Jeongyoon Moon, Paul Brassard, Daniel Marinescu, Teodora Dumitra, Ebram Salama, Carol-Ann Vasilevsky, Marylise Boutros, Kelly Brennan, Tyler Mckechnie, Vanessa Wiseman, Alessandro Ricci, Ameer Farooq, Sunil Patel, Tania Kazi, Tyler Mckechnie, Ghazal Jessani, Victoria Shi, Niv Sne, Aristithes Doumouras, Dennis Hong, Cagla Eskicioglu, Manisha Jogendran, Jennifer Flemming, Maya Djerboua, Martin Korzeniowski, Brooke Wilson, Shaila Merchant, Sean Bennett, Kala Hickey, Stephanie Gill, Zoë Breen, Kaitlyn Harding, Hannah Yaremko, Patti Power, Alex Mathieson, David Pace, Joannie Neveu, Sean Bennett, Brooke Wilson, Nan Chen, Weidong Kong, Sunil Patel, Christopher Booth, Shaila Merchant, Sean Bennett, Georgia Nelson, Nouf Almarzooqi, Manisha Jogendran, Maya Djerboua, Brooke Wilson, Jennifer Flemming, Shaila Merchant, Lily J Park, Carol Wang, Vicki Archer, Tyler Mckechnie, Dan Cohen, Jessica Bogach, Marko Simunovic, Pablo E Serrano, Rodney H Breau, Paul Karanicolas, P J Devereaux, Georgia Nelson, Nouf Almarzooqi, Shaila Merchant, Sean Bennett, Janyssa Charbonneau, Mai-Kim Gervais, Alexandre Brind'amour, Narcisse Singbo, Mikaël Lefebvre Soucisse, Lucas Sidéris, Guy Leblanc, Jean-François Tremblay, Pierre Dubé, Ekaterina Kouzmina, Matthew Castelo, Nicole Look Hong, Julie Hallet, Natalie Coburn, Frances Write, Lena Nguyen, Sonal Gandhi, Katarzyna Jerzak, Andrea Eisen, Amanda Roberts, Dejan Vidovic, Brianne Cruickshank, Lucy Helyer, Carman Giacomantonio, Zuhaib Mir, Matheus Faleiro, Stephanie Hiebert, Scott Livingstone, Mark Walsh, Boris Gala-Lopez, Sukhdeep Jatana, Daniel Krys, Uzair Jogiat, Janice Kung, Kevin Verhoeff, Tori Lenet, François Martin Carrier, Karine Brousseau, Franck Vandenbroucke-Menu, Yves Collin, Richard W D Gilbert, Maja Segedi, Jad Abou Khalil, Kimberly A Bertens, Fady Balaa, Dean A Fergusson, Guillaume Martel, Christopher Wherrett, Katlin Mallette, Leah Monette, Aklile Workneh, Monique Ruel, Elham Sabri, Heather Maddison, Melanie Tokessym, Patrick B Y Wong, Luc Massicotte, Michaël Chassé, Michel-Antoine Perrault, Élodie Hamel-Perreault, Jeieung Park, Shirley Lim, Véronique Maltais, Philemon Leung, Timothy Ramsay, Alan Tinmouth, Zofia Czarnecka, Nidheesh Dadheeech, Rena Pawlick, Haide Razavy, James Shapiro, Panthea Pouramin, Susan Allen, Boris Gala-Lopez, Nawal Amhis, Rachel Liu Hennessey, Yuwei Yang, Rochelle Guan, Yolanda Zhang, Adam Meneghetti, Chieh Chiu, Dhuvaraha Srikrishnaraj, Jeffrey Hawel, Christopher Schlachta, Ahmad Elnahas, Ayse Yilbas, Marguerite Mainprize, Anton Svendrovski, Christoph Paasch, Fernando Spencer Netto, Jigish Khamar, Tyler Mckechnie, Amin Hatamnejad, Yung Lee, Bright Huo, Edward Passos, Niv Sne, Cagla Eskicioglu, Dennis Hong, Sean Bennett, Jennifer Flemming, Maya Djerboua, Vanessa Wiseman, Jonah Moore, Peter Szasz, Sulaiman Nanji, Jonah Moore, Vanessa Wiseman, Peter Szasz, Isis Lunsky, Sulaiman Nanji, Jennifer A Flemming, Sean Bennett, Sandra Mckeown, Omar Mouhammed, Colton Gibb, Kevin Verhoeff, Michael Kim, Matt Strickland, Ram Anantha, Ilinca Georgescu, Yung Lee, Thomas Shin, Lea Tessier, Arshia Javidan, James Jung, Dennis Hong, Tyler Mckechnie, Andrew Strong, Matthew Kroh, Jerry Dang, Muhammad Faran, Tyler Mckechnie, Emma O'Callaghan, Sama Anvari, Taylor Hughes, Mark Crowther, Mehran Anvari, Aristithes Doumouras, Amin Andalib, Ali Safar, Philippe Bouchard, Sebastian Demyttenaere, Olivier Court, Simran Parmar, Brianna Brand, Noah Switzer, Richdeep Gil, Sunawer Aujla, Morgan Schellenberg, Natthida Owattanapanich, Brent Emigh, Jan-Michael Van Gent, Tanya Egodage, Patrick B Murphy, Chad Ball, Audrey L Spencer, Kelly N Vogt, Jessica A Keeley, Stephanie Doris, Kenji Inaba, Jordan Nantais, Nancy Baxter, Refik Saskin, Andrew Calzavara, David Gomez, Alex Le, Philip Dawe, Morad Hameed, Amir Hassanpour, Eran Shlomovitz, David Gomez, Eisar Al-Sukhni, Vanessa Wiseman, Sunil Patel, Sean Bennett, Zuhaib Mir, Stephanie Roberts, Harvey Hawes, Khalil Merali, Rachel Morris, Marc De Moya, Todd Neideen, Andrew Kastenmeier, Lewis Somberg, Dan Holena, Patrick Murphy, Jordan Nantais, Nancy Baxter, Refik Saskin, Andrew Calzavara, David Gomez, Asad Naveed, Umang Deshpande, David Gomez, Joao Rezende-Neto, Najma Ahmed, Andrew Beckett

Surgery Articles

No abstract provided.

Breast Tissue As A Local Drug Reservoir For Anticancer Therapy In Breast Cancer, Saniia Shchinar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Breast cancer, particularly the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) subtype, remains a formidable challenge in oncology. Traditional oral therapies for ER-positive breast cancer, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like Tamoxifen (TAM) and Toremifene (TOR), often encounter issues related to limited bioavailability, metabolic complications, and significant systemic side effects. These side effects include the risk of blood clots, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, menstrual cycle disruptions, and uterus cancer, which can hinder long-term adherence to preventive therapy. The exploration of local drug delivery into breast tissue presents a promising alternative to tackle these challenges. In this study, we explored the feasibility of …

Abelson (Abl) Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Reduce Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus (Prrsv) Replication In Vitro, Jenna Parliament

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus from the Arteriviridae family. PRRSV causes respiratory illness and reproductive failure in infected pigs. Outbreaks occurring in the United States and worldwide cause significant economic losses annually. Abelson (Abl) tyrosine kinase is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, which plays a central role in regulating many cellular processes such as actin reorganization, cell proliferation and differentiation by transducing extracellular and intracellular signals. Abl inhibitors have been shown to restrict the entry of membrane fusion of enveloped viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome …

2,3,4 Trihydroxybenzoic Acid, A Plant Secondary Metabolite Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth, Mina Akter

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nature offers many sources such as fruits, beverage crops, vegetables, herbs, spices, tea, dark chocolate, and wine, that are rich in hydroxybenzoic acids (HBAs). They are a prominent phenolic acids with excellent biochemical and antioxidant properties. Due to the vast dietary health benefits of HBAs such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic, immunoregulatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, antidiabetic, anticancer properties and cardioprotective capabilities, they are attracting the attention of physicians and researchers alike to understand their mechanisms of action. It is anticipated that the understanding of the role of HBAs for their greater use in diet/supplements is beneficial to reverse common illnesses such as inflammation, …

Pferm: A Fair Empirical Risk Minimization Approach With Prior Knowledge, Bojian Hou, Andrés Mondragón, Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh, Zhuoping Zhou, Andrew J Saykin, Jason H Moore, Marylyn D Ritchie, Qi Long, Li Shen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Fairness is crucial in machine learning to prevent bias based on sensitive attributes in classifier predictions. However, the pursuit of strict fairness often sacrifices accuracy, particularly when significant prevalence disparities exist among groups, making classifiers less practical. For example, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is more prevalent in women than men, making equal treatment inequitable for females. Accounting for prevalence ratios among groups is essential for fair decision-making. In this paper, we introduce prior knowledge for fairness, which incorporates prevalence ratio information into the fairness constraint within the Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) framework. We develop the Prior-knowledge-guided Fair ERM (PFERM) framework, aiming …

State Of The Science Of Scale-Up Of Cancer Prevention And Early Detection Interventions In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review, Tara M Friebel-Klingner, Gloria Guevara Alvarez, Hope Lappen, Lydia E Pace, Keng-Yen Huang, Maria E Fernández, Donna Shelley, Anne F Rositch

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Cancer deaths in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) will nearly double by 2040. Available evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for cancer prevention and early detection can reduce cancer-related mortality, yet there is a lack of evidence on effectively scaling these EBIs in LMIC settings.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review to identify published literature from six databases between 2012 and 2022 that described efforts for scaling cancer prevention and early detection EBIs in LMICs. Included studies met one of two definitions of scale-up: (1) deliberate efforts to increase the impact of effective intervention to benefit more people or (2) an intervention …

Using Focus Groups To Explore Older Black Men's Perception Of Dietary Interventions., Ashley R Shaw, Eric D Vidoni, Mickeal N Key, Brandon A Yates, Roland Thorpe

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Older Black men are underrepresented in research despite being disproportionately affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors related to AD compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Although dietary interventions have shown promise to reduce modifiable CV risk factors related to AD, Black Americans have lower adherence likely due to lack of cultural considerations. Using a noninterventional convergent parallel mixed-methods approach, this study examined the cultural contexts that inform perceptions of dietary interventions among older Midwestern Black men. All participants completed an online demographic and dietary habit survey prior to focus group discussions. Two focus group discussion sessions were conducted …

An Exploration Of Anxiety And Depressive Symptoms Among Sexual And Gender Minority Young Adults Visiting A Drop-In Center For Youth Experiencing Homelessness, Lourence Misedah-Robinson, Laura Witte, Elizabeth Henneke, Madonna Land, Vanessa Schick

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Research suggests that marginalized young adults, particularly sexual and gender minorities (SGM), face distinctive healthcare transition challenges. SGM often navigate a complex intersection of identities, experiences, and stressors that can contribute to mental health disparities. However, they often lack access to appropriate support and resources tailored to their needs, which can result in increased psychological distress. Drop-in centers are effective mental health interventions for marginalized communities. Therefore, we conducted a study to explore the healthcare access experiences and mental health outcomes of young adult SGM compared to their non-SGM counterparts.

Methods: We surveyed 151 young adults aged 18-25 who …

Unique Root Anatomy Of Mandibular Second Premolars: Clinical Strategies For Effective Disinfection And Preservation Of Dentine Structure In Root Canal Treatment-A Case Report, Ji Wook Jeong, Erika Silguero Gonzalez, Scott R Makins, Timothy Kirkpatrick

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

It is difficult to predict the outcomes of non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) for mandibular second premolars with multiple root canals. In these teeth, the complicated anatomy with fin(s), or a C-shape, and possible secondary canal(s) varies unpredictably. The morphology of the root canals provides shelters for bacteria to remain, regrow, and form biofilms despite the endodontic treatment. Moreover, the prevalence of mandibular second premolars with multiple canals is extremely infrequent. Therefore, the clinical management of NSRCT in such cases is not sufficiently reported. This case report introduces two cases of NSRCT for mandibular second premolars with a radicular groove …

Synergistic Effects Of Antimicrobial Components Of The Human-Derived Composite Amnion-Chorion Membrane On Bacterial Growth, Alexandra Su Brummerhop, Chun-Teh Lee, Robin Weltman, Gena D Tribble, Ransome Van Der Hoeven, Yulun Chiu, Jianming Hong, Bing-Yan Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: The human-derived amnion-chorion membrane (ACM) has endogenous antimicrobial properties, which are important for preventing the colonization and survival of oral bacteria on exposed membranes. This project aimed to decipher the underlying mechanism by identifying the components of ACM that confer antibacterial properties. In addition, the antimicrobial efficacy of these identified components on oral bacteria was assessed.

Methods: Four antimicrobial proteins, histone H2A/H2B, cathelicidin LL-37, lactoferrin, and lysozyme, were identified via mass spectrometry in ACM. These proteins were then assessed for their efficacy in killing Streptococcus gordonii Challis. Log-phased bacterial cells were cultured with the commercially available proteins that were …

Association Of Cancer Diagnosis With Disability Status Among Older Survivors Of Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study, Shiming Zhang, Lin-Na Chou, Michael D Swartz, Hemalkumar B Mehta, James S Goodwin, Yong-Fang Kuo, Sharon Hermes Giordano, Carole A Tucker, Karen M Basen-Engquist, Elizabeth J Lyons, Brian Downer, Susan K Peterson, Tru Cao, Maria C Swartz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Older cancer survivors likely experience physical function limitations due to cancer and its treatments, leading to disability and early mortality. Existing studies have focused on factors associated with surgical complications and mortality risk rather than factors associated with the development of poor disability status (DS), a proxy measure of poor performance status, in cancer survivors. We aimed to identify factors associated with the development of poor DS among older survivors of colorectal cancer (CRC) and compare poor DS rates to an age-sex-matched, non-cancer cohort.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study utilized administrative data from the Texas Cancer Registry Medicare-linked database. …

Racial And Ethnic Differences In Infant Survival For Hydrocephaly-Texas, 1999–2017, Munir Ahmed, Charles Shumate, Heidi Bojes, Ketki Patel, A J Agopian, Mark Canfield

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Congenital hydrocephaly, an abnormal accumulation of fluid within the ventricular spaces at birth, can cause disability or death if untreated. Limited information is available about survival of infants born with hydrocephaly in Texas. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to calculate survival estimates among infants born with hydrocephaly without spina bifida in Texas.

Methods: A cohort of live-born infants delivered during 1999-2017 with congenital hydrocephaly without spina bifida was identified from the Texas Birth Defects Registry. Deaths within 1 year of delivery were identified using vital and medical records. One-year infant survival estimates were generated for multiple descriptive …

Factors Associated With Infant Sex And Preterm Birth Status For Selected Birth Defects From The National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2011, Eva M Williford, Wei Yang, Meredith M Howley, Chen Ma, Ronnie T Collins, Kari A Weber, Dominique Heinke, Julie M Petersen, A J Agopian, Natalie P Archer, Andrew F Olshan, Lindsay A Williams, Marilyn L Browne, Gary M Shaw

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Birth defects and preterm birth co-occur, with some overlapping risk factors. Many birth defects and preterm births tend to have a male preponderance. We explored potential risk factors impacting sex and preterm (< 37 weeks of gestation) birth differences among infants with selected birth defects delivered from 1997 to 2011 using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS).

Methods: The NBDPS was a large multisite, population-based case-control study. Using random forests, we identified important predictors of male preterm, female preterm, and male term, each compared with female term births for each birth defect. Using logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios for associations between important predictors and sex-preterm birth status by birth defect.

Results: We examined 11,379 infants with nine specific birth defects. The top …

Associations Between Positive Affect And Physical Activity From Young Adulthood To Midlife: A 25-Year Prospective Study, Farah Qureshi, Laura D. Kubzansky, Ying Chen, Jackie Soo, Eric S. Kim, Donald Lloyd-Jones, Julia K. Boehm

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Objective: Positive affect may influence health by promoting physical activity, but evidence evaluating this association is mostly cross-sectional and cannot discern directionality. This study used a counterfactual-based framework to estimate the causal effect of positive affect on physical activity patterns over 25 years, accounting for potential reverse associations. Method: Data were from 3,352 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Repeated assessments of positive affect and physical activity were collected from 1990 to 2016. Longitudinal associations were evaluated in two ways: (a) using baseline positive affect in traditional linear mixed models that accounted for reverse causal …

Proteoglycans In Mechanobiology Of Tissues And Organs: Normal Functions And Mechanopathology, Mary C Farach-Carson, Danielle Wu, Cristiane Miranda França

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Proteoglycans (PGs) are a diverse class of glycoconjugates that serve critical functions in normal mechanobiology and mechanopathology. Both the protein cores and attached glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains function in mechanically-sensitive processes, and loss of either can contribute to development of pathological conditions. PGs function as key components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) where they can serve as mechanosensors in mechanosensitive tissues including bone, cartilage, tendon, blood vessels and soft organs. The mechanical properties of these tissues depend on the presence and function of PGs, which play important roles in tissue elasticity, osmolarity and pressure sensing, and response to physical activity. Tissue …

Traditional Chinese Medicine And The Argument For Future Application In The United States, Kylie Nicole Frohlich

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Silk Fibroin And Hylauronic Acid As Otic Drug Delivery System Additives; Investigation Of Silk Fibroins Responses To Enviromental Stimulii, Kolton Charles Sandau

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The Serban lab has previously developed and reported on a single application drug delivery system for the treatment of otitis externa. Otitis externa also known as outer ear infections is a very common ailment that impacts large portions of both human and domestic animal populations. Typical treatment for otitis externa typically requires an extended dosing regimen over several days that is inconvenient and can lead to poor clinical outcomes due to poor patient compliance. Our delivery system employs a thixotropic gel to deliver a steady dose of medication over the duration of the infection.

Here we evaluated the reproducibility and …

An Endemic Issue: Malawi's Struggle To Prevent Childhood Malaria, Hailey A. Smalley

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Malaria is one of the most prolific diseases in the world, generating hundreds of millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths a year. In 2021, the World Health Organization initiated preliminary trials for the first malaria vaccine in three countries, including Malawi. This project explores the impact of the malaria vaccine on community perspectives and health outcomes related to malaria , describes ongoing challenges that health workers face when disseminating the vaccine, and explains how Malawi’s experience implementing the malaria vaccine reflects larger trends in international aid.

Perspectives Of Utilizing Pharmacogenomics To Inform Tobacco Cessation: Survey Results From An American Indian Community, Madeline Lousie Davies

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Pharmacogenomics research has predominantly focused on populations of European ancestry, limiting the application for diverse populations such as American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities. Our community-centric study aims to understand perspectives of utilizing pharmacogenomics to guide tobacco cessation in an AIAN community using a survey with qualitative and quantitative components. We assessed participant (n=273) tobacco usage and cessation history, pharmacogenomics knowledge, and perceptions of utilizing pharmacogenomics in the context of tobacco cessation. We found that the majority of participants (92%) were aware of risks associated with tobacco usage and believe it to be a problem within their community (76%). …

The Effect Of Interval Time On Time To Exhaustion During High Intensity Interval Training Running In Recreational Male Runners, Abraham Castrejon

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

High Intensity interval Training (HIIT) in running prescription can be applied in a variety of different ways, but HIIT prescription lacks specificity and efficiency in determining what duration of interval is optimal for improved aerobic performance. The purpose of this study was to test different HIIT protocols with a 1:1 ratio active: recovery intervals of 2:2 minute (Protocol 1), 4:4 minute (Protocol 2) and a continuous run trial (CRT). Seven recreational male runners (Age= 23.1 ± 3.4 yr, Height= 1.80 ± 0.1, Weight= 75.8 ± 9.6) performed a maximal oxygen consumption test (60.5 ± 4.9 ml/kg/min) with a graded exercise …

Is Preexisting Inflamed Jaw Marrow A “Hidden” Co-Morbidity Affecting Outcomes Of Covid-19 Infections? – Clinical Comparative Study, Johann Lechner, Robert E Mcmahon, Jerry E Bouquot, Florian Notter, Fabian Schick

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Exceedingly high levels of the chemokine CCL5/RANTES have been found in fatty degenerated osteonecrotic alveolar bone cavities (FDOJ) and aseptic ischemic osteolysis of the jaw (AIOJ) from toothless regions. Because CCL5/RANTES seems to have a prominent role in creating the COVID-19 “cytokine storm”, some researchers have used the monoclonal antibody Leronlimab to block the CCR5 on inflammatory cells.

Objective: Is preexisting FDOJ/AIOJ jaw marrow pathology a “hidden” co-morbidity affecting some COVID-19 infections? To what extent does the chronic CCL5/RANTES expression from preexisting FDOJ/AIOJ areas contribute to the progression of the acute cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients?

Methods: Authors report …