Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Efficacy Of Mobile-Based Applications On Motor Recovery And Physical Function In Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review, Sushmita J. Shenoy

Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

“Emotional Contagion, Perceived Stress And Coping Strategies Among Nurses”, Saumya Hariharan

Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Environmental Stressors Experienced During Childhood In The Development Of Dissociative Identity Disorder, Jazmin Conway

PCOM Capstone Projects

The purpose of this research was to determine how environmental stressors that occur during the early childhood years can lead to the development of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) and diagnosis in the adult years. Over the years, childhood trauma has become increasingly prevalent worldwide and despite this increase, continues to remain a significantly unaddressed public health issue (Beilharz et al., 2020). The trauma experienced can include physical, sexual, emotional, and either physical or emotional neglect from a caregiver (Beilharz et al., 2020). Over the years, DID has been the center of controversy in the field of psychology. There have been …

Exploring The Relationship Between Traumatic Brain Injury And Post-Traumatic Epilepsy: A Review, Alayna Nelson

PCOM Capstone Projects

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020), traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered a major public health problem in the United States. Each year, 2.53 million Americans, including 812,000 children, document a TBI-related emergency room visit (CDC, 2020). TBI is a disruption in the brain’s normal function, caused by a bump or blow to the head or by penetrating head injury (CDC, 2020). These injuries range in severity and can cause damage to one or multiple areas of the brain (Oleksii et al., 2019). Mild TBI, often used synonymously with concussion, comprises more than 90% of TBI …

A Review Of The Accessibility And Affordability Of Contraception For Women’S Self-Care And Reproductive Health, Alexis Henderson

PCOM Capstone Projects

The use of contraception has afforded many women the opportunity to gain control over their reproductive health while also advancing their education and career goals. Additionally, hormonal contraceptives have improved women’s quality of life by treating and preventing specific clinical symptoms and conditions. Nonetheless, disparities and barriers to accessing affordable reproductive care still affect many populations of women. This study examines the accessibility and affordability of contraception for women’s reproductive and self-care needs, including treating and preventing clinical symptoms, conditions, and pregnancy. A literature review of PubMed databases was completed for studies in the United States between January 2013 and …

Designing For Disability: Making Activities Of Daily Living More Manageable Through 3d Printing, Mashaal Syed

PCOM Capstone Projects

While there have been many innovations developed for those with physical disabilities in recent years, a multitude of unmet needs still remain. This review seeks to highlight designs, public policies, and other initiatives that have been established to assist this population thus far. Information has been curated from databases including, but not limited to, Pubmed and Policymap.

With the advent of new and affordable technologies such as 3D printing, it is now more possible than ever before to bring one’s ideas to life; from creating customized prosthetics to wheelchair attachments for water bottles and umbrellas, we are able to quickly …

Analyzing Social Determinants Of Health: Asthma Morbidity And Mortality Of Black Americans, Jeremiah Kinsey

PCOM Capstone Projects

Asthma is the most common respiratory disease in the United States with over 20 million Americans living with the disease in 2019. Black Americans share a disproportionate amount of these cases, having a higher incidence of asthma morbidity and a higher prevalence of asthmatic episodes. In addition, Black American asthma mortality rates are 75% higher than that of White counterparts according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This study investigates the social determinants of health (SDOH) associated with asthma mortality of Black Americans.

Unfortunately, SDOH and socioeconomic status (SES) can paint an asthmatic patient’s outcome. Exposure and …

2021-05-01_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 183 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (132 Emergency Departments (ED), 51 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, and clinical impression) for fever or …

Complications Of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Use In Open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion, Allison Miller

Yale School of Medicine Physician Associate Program Theses

Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion is commonly performed with the use of off-label recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. Despite its widespread use, bone morphogenetic protein-2 has been linked with postoperative complications in observational studies. However, no experimental study has supported this association nor has the relative risk as compared to iliac crest bone graft been quantified. In this study, we will compare the incidence proportion of radiculopathy, heterotopic ossification, and vertebral endplate osteolysis following Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion in patients who receive recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 versus patients who receive iliac crest bone graft. Specifically, we will carry out a …

Back To Basics: The Effects Of Buffered Crystalloids On Mortality In The Setting Of Severe Trauma, David Seth Murphy

Yale School of Medicine Physician Associate Program Theses

Trauma is the leading cause of death for people between 0 and 45 years of age. An important step in the management of trauma patients is the replacement of a large volume of fluids, typically with normal saline. However, normal saline has been implicated in the development of metabolic derangements that may contribute to a large proportion of deaths in trauma patients. In this study, we will examine whether less acidic solutions that contain buffers can improve survival in trauma patients compared to normal saline. We will perform a double-blind randomized control trial to determine whether fluid replacement with Lactated …

Preventing Postpartum Preeclampsia With Low-Dose Aspirin: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Katrina Jimenez

Yale School of Medicine Physician Associate Program Theses

Preeclampsia, defined as new or worsening hypertension along with new onset proteinuria and/or end organ damage throughout pregnancy, is one of the leading causes of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Antepartum preeclampsia has been extensively studied, and prophylaxis with 81mg aspirin starting between 12- and 16-weeks’ gestation is the current standard for prevention. However, little is known about the prevention of new onset postpartum preeclampsia, which can present up to 6 weeks postpartum. In this study, we will evaluate the efficacy of aspirin in preventing the incidence of new onset postpartum preeclampsia. Using a randomized controlled trial, we will …

Guidelines For Influenza Vaccination Uptake In Pregnant Women: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial, Jenna R. Moscarelli

Yale School of Medicine Physician Associate Program Theses

Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. Influenza infection during pregnancy poses unique risks to pregnant women and infants, including severe symptoms and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, many pregnant women do not receive the influenza vaccination. Reasons for low vaccine uptake are multifactorial, with the lack of a healthcare provider’s recommendation being a critical barrier. In this cluster-randomized controlled trial, we will examine the effect of a structured vaccine recommendation program for obstetric providers on the mean proportion of pregnant women who receive the influenza vaccination. Specifically, this trial will use a custom provider education program based …

The Effects Of Yoga Versus Mindfulness On Anxiety In Individuals With Parkinson’S Disease, Winifred Tung

Yale School of Medicine Physician Associate Program Theses

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes debilitating motor deficits in addition to many non-motor symptoms. Tremors, stiffness, and abnormal gait changes are easily recognized as disabling; however, effects from anxiety are more insidious to disease burden which negatively affect both motor and psychological capabilities. Anxiolytics or antidepressants are often prescribed but can cause adverse side effects, prompting the need for alternative treatments. Yoga and mindfulness therapies are favorable alternative treatments known to reduce anxiety. This two-arm, single-blinded randomized controlled trial compares effects of yoga and mindfulness therapies in the reduction of anxiety for patients with Parkinson’s disease. …

Disease Cured In The Least Expected Way: Communication., Bailey Pickering

Schultz-Werth Award Papers

Communication is an important factor in all doctor-patient relationships. This non-technical skill could potentially lead to better patient wellness outcomes. Since communication proficiencies are not a basic skill for everyone, most complaints about doctors are because of communication issues. However, the decline in communication skills begins early in a doctor’s career – in medical school. With increasing communication showing proven benefits, doctor’s communication abilities are vital to improving their patient’s wellness outcomes. Gaps in current literature include exactly how much communication benefits patient wellness outcomes. This literature review will fill in some of those gaps and also highlight what factors …

Glial Endothelial Brain Cell Co-Cultures For Testing Signaling Response And Delivery Of Novel Materials Across Blood Brain Barrier, Neela Prajapati

Master's Theses

The brain accounts for 20% of overall energy metabolism in the body though it just comprises 2% of the total body mass but has a limited capacity of storing energy unlike other critical organs in the body such as the heart and liver. This energy along with oxygen and nutrients is supplied by cerebral blood flow (CBF), any interruption of which can cease the brain function within seconds with a potential irreversible neuronal injury, within minutes. Vascular cells along with astrocytes and neurons are a part of a recently developed concept known as the Neurovascular Unit responsible for Neurovascular coupling …

Singapore Management University Libraries Strategic Plan 2021-2025, Bethany Wilkes

Research Collection Library

No abstract provided.

An Intersectional Analysis Of Lgbtq+ Healthcare In The United States, Nicole Niles

Senior Honors Projects

LGBTQ+ healthcare has made some significant progress in the last few decades, yet countless studies have shown that the American healthcare system still lags behind in equitable healthcare. My project sought to identify the issues that prevent the LGBTQ+ community from receiving quality healthcare, which involved the curation of over twenty academic journal articles for an annotated bibliography, along with a paper discussing these articles.

One of the most important concepts to gender studies is intersectionality. Coined by legal theorist Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989, intersectionality describes the concept of how one’s individual characteristics, including race, class, and gender, intersect and …

Practical Pearl: Obstructive Sleep Apnea - May 2021, Richard Zheng Md

Pediatrics Practical Pearls: Referral Guidelines for Common Problems

No abstract provided.

To What Extent Are Appropriate Resources Provided To Veterans With Mental Illness To Prevent Contact With The Criminal Justice System?, Riley Christine Doyle

Master’s Theses and Projects

United States military veterans are a special population of men and women that have willingly sacrificed their lives to serve their country. They are perceived to be patriotic, honorable, strong, and disciplined people. Unfortunately, veterans are not exempt from committing criminal acts that land them in the criminal justice system. In fact, veterans are highly susceptible to developing mental illnesses and substance use disorders which can ultimately lead to criminal behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent available resources are provided to veterans to help them prevent contact with the criminal justice system. This study …

Addressing Productivity For Physical Therapy At Fairfield Medical Center, Evan Urrutia

Masters Theses/Capstone Projects

Fairfield Medical Center is a vibrant healthcare organization focused on providing exceptional healthcare experiences to everyone it serves. Fairfield Medical Center encompasses Cancer care, diabetes managements, emergency care, Gastroenterology, Heartburn Care, Hospice Care, Infectious Disease, Maternity Care, Neurology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Care, and Orthopedic Care.

From a physical therapy standpoint, FMC operates two outpatient clinics, and one inpatient service at the hospital. There are over 40 therapists who will either stay primarily at outpatient and inpatient, and some float between the two depending on the volume of patients.

I had the pleasure of being welcomed with open arms by the …

Human Factors Considerations For Urban Air Mobility, Bhoomin B. Chauhan, Meredith Carroll

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Before urban air mobility (UAM) flights are safely integrated into the current airspace system, it is necessary to identify and address human factors issues associated with UAM. Various industry and academic institutions are currently exploring a range of different aspects of UAM, such as vehicle concepts, airspace integration, and ground infrastructure, all of which have human factors implications. These human factors issues, which will heavily influence how UAM operations will evolve with growth in demand and autonomous technology, are in need of research. Potential human factors issues include UAM pilot’s trust in automation, situational awareness, visual scanning, decision-making capabilities, as …

Enantioselective Interactions Of Anti-Infective 8-Aminoquinoline Therapeutics With Human Monoamine Oxidases A And B, Narayan D. Chaurasiya, Haining Liu, Robert J. Doerksen, N. P. Dhammika Nanayakkara

Faculty and Student Publications

8-Aminoquinolines (8-AQs) are an important class of anti-infective therapeutics. The monoamine oxidases (MAOs) play a key role in metabolism of 8-AQs. A major role for MAO-A in metabolism of primaquine (PQ), the prototypical 8-AQ antimalarial, has been demonstrated. These investigations were further extended to characterize the enantioselective interactions of PQ and NPC1161 (8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl) amino]-5-[3, 4-dichlorophenoxy]-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline) with human MAO-A and-B. NPC1161B, the (R)-(−) enantiomer with outstanding potential for malaria radical cure, treatment of visceral leishmaniasis and pneumocystis pneumonia infections is poised for clinical development. PQ showed moderate inhibition of human MAO-A and-B. Racemic PQ and (R)-(−)-PQ both showed marginally greater (1.2-and …

Hiv-1 Tat Protein Promotes Neuroendocrine Dysfunction Concurrent With The Potentiation Of Oxycodone’S Psychomotor Effects In Female Mice, Mohammed F. Salahuddin, Fakhri Mahdi, Suresh P. Sulochana, Jason J. Paris

Faculty and Student Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with neuroendocrine dysfunction which may contribute to co-morbid stress-sensitive disorders. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) or-gonadal (HPG) axes are perturbed in up to 50% of HIV patients. The mechanisms are not known, but we have found the HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription (Tat) protein to recapitulate the clinical phenotype in male mice. We hypothesized that HPA and/or HPG dysregulation contrib-utes to Tat-mediated interactions with oxycodone, an opioid often prescribed to HIV patients, in females. Female mice that conditionally-expressed the Tat1–86 protein [Tat(+) mice] or their counter-parts that did not [Tat(−) control mice] were exposed to forced swim …

Early Systolic Dysfunction And Impact Of Gene Mutation Severity In Marfan Syndrome, Aaron Clem, Lois J. Starr, David Danford, Mary Craft, Ling Li, Jason Christensen, Anji Yetman

Child Health Research Institute Pediatric Research Forum

Background

Marfan syndrome is caused by a mutation in the fibrillin-1 gene that manifests with a variety of features including aortic root dilation. Recent research has identified a primary cardiomyopathy in patients with Marfan syndrome, hypothesized to be due to the presence of abnormal fibrillin-1 in the myocardium. Controversy over the nature and significance of this cardiomyopathy remains. Echocardiographic measurement of the first-phase of ejection (defined as the beginning of systole to peak aortic valve flow) may be more sensitive to systolic dysfunction and provide useful clinical information. The purpose of this study is to:

1. Assess systolic dysfunction in patients …

Femoral And Tibial Indications For Initial And Reoperation Surgeries With Fassier-Duval Intramedullary Rods For Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Adriano Dellapolla, Kaeli Samson, Tinotenda Sekeramayi, Arianna Dalamaggas, Megan Gillespie, Vincent Eaton, Elizabeth Strudthoff, Maegen Wallace

Child Health Research Institute Pediatric Research Forum

Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic connective tissue disorder affecting quantity and integrity of collagen type I, which is integral for the strength of osseus tissue. OI has a heterogenous molecular inheritance pattern – divided into four major subgroups (I-IV). Defects in collagen protein products lead to poor development of skeletal structures and increased fracture rates. Children with OI suffer from multiple fractures and bone deformities often requiring surgical intervention with osteotomies and intramedullary telescoping rods, most often with Fassier-Duval (FD) rods. Our study–updated cohort from 2018 paper Azzam et al.–looked at the relationship between initial and reoperation indications …

Evaluation Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Eradication Protocol In Pediatric Patients With Cystic Fibrosis: A Retrospective Medical Chart Review, Adam Devries, Heather Thomas, Diane Acquazzino

Child Health Research Institute Pediatric Research Forum

Background

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is a leading cause of lung infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), increasing morbidity and mortality. Despite this, there is no standardized treatment among the medical community for Pa eradication in patients with CF. The Nebraska Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center at Children’s Hospital and Medical Center (CHMC) in Omaha, Nebraska has a Pa eradication protocol. This study aims to increase Pa eradication for children with CF by investigating the effectiveness and adherence to the current Pa eradication protocol.

Methods

This study is a retrospective medical chart review of 1–21-year-olds with CF receiving care …

Implementing An Algorithm For Headache Management In A Patient-Centered Medical Home, Michelle L. Calderon

Cohort IX

Globally, headache disorders affect people of all ages, genders, and ethnic and socio- economic backgrounds. Recurrent headaches are responsible for poor quality of life, personal and social adversities, and increased financial burdens. Headaches are the most common complaint among neurological disorders, yet many are misdiagnosed and undertreated. In 2020, the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs and the Department of Defense (VA/DoD) released an evidence-based clinical practice guideline (CPG), The Primary Care Management of Headaches. The objective of this quality improvement (QI) project was to implement the use of the VA/DoD CPG algorithm among clinic providers at a military primary care, …

114 Years And Counting – An Updated History Of The University Of South Dakota Sanford School Of Medicine, H Bruce Vogt, William J. Dendinger, Evelyn Schlenker, Janet C. Linderman

Administration

If those who founded the USD Sanford School of Medicine in 1907 were to drop in on the school today, what would they find most surprising? Would the time travelers marvel at the modern teaching facilities, our amazing ability to cure previously deadly diseases, or would they be puzzled by the complexities of medical practice in the modern era of technology and regulation? The first century of the medical school’s existence brought immense change as the school evolved. As advances in medical science and medical practice accelerated, the school kept pace. The first century resulted in a well-established medical school …

Loss And Attainment Of Identity For Individuals Experiencing Early Onset Dementia, Benjamin Wright

Rehabilitation, Human Resources and Communication Disorders Undergraduate Honors Theses

Qualitative research over the last decade suggests that connection with others and continued engagement in everyday life contribute to quality of life for those with EOD. This study aimed to map how personal and socially attributed identity shifted as everyday life changed over the dementia continuum. The goal was to determine if common narrative and life story themes marked key indicators of perceptions about and maintenance of self, others, and everyday life roles. The materials of the study were eleven open-source video, audio, and written documents submitted by individuals experiencing EOD and their family members for public use. The selected …

Pathogenesis Of Dry Eye In Graft Versus Host Disease (Gvhd): Role Of Ocular Mucins And Conjunctival Fibrosis, Kiumars Shamloo

Pharmaceutical Sciences (PhD) Dissertations

Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a procedure that offers a possible cure for hematologic cancers and other hematologic disorders. Unfortunately, despite the increasing survival rate of patients, the quality of their life is adversely affected by the allogeneic bone marrow transplantation’s major side effect i.e Graft vs. Host Disease (GVHD). GVHD is a complex, multi-organ disease resulting from an immunological attack by donor engrafted immune cells to host organs, including the eye surface. Mostly based on the time of disease onset after transplantation, GVHD is divided into the acute and chronic phase. The eyes may be involved in both …