Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

How Do Modifiable Risk Factors Impact The Progression Of Alzheimer’S Disease?, Shamso Jama

Theses and Graduate Projects

Alzheimer’s disease remains a significant health burden that affects millions in the United States. This research pursued to shed light on the modifiable risk factors and help individuals at high risk for Alzheimer’s disease minimize the chances of cognitive decline. A search of literature was conducted on databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline. Randomized control trials, longitudinal studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were identified and included in the paper. The modifiable risk factors that play a role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease include stress, inadequate physical exercise, lack of sleep hygiene, and lack of social …

Complexation Of Glycoalkaloid Α- Tomatine With Sterols And Its Potential Application As An Anti-Cancer Drug, Bishal Nepal

Dissertations

Glycoalkaloids (GAs) are secondary metabolites found mostly in higher plant species and some marine invertebrates. They are known to form complexes with 3β-hydroxy sterols such as cholesterol causing membrane disruption. So far the visual evidence showcasing the complexes formed between glycoalkaloids and sterols has been mainly restricted to some earlier studies using Brewster angle microscopy. This study aimed to develop a method for topographic and morphological analysis of sterol-glycoalkaloid complexes. Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) transfer of monolayers comprising of glycoalkaloid tomatine, sterols, and lipids in varying molar ratios onto mica followed by AFM examination was performed. The AFM method used required minimal …

Discovering Hidden Signs And Symptoms Of Heart Failure In The Electronic Health Record Using The Omaha System, Anita Reger

Dissertations

Purpose/Background/Significance: For the past 30 years, heart failure has been in the top 3 readmission diagnoses with patients discharged to community care. This is costly to the healthcare system and negatively impacts the patient’s quality of life. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a community care database to determine if previously under-considered latent variables exist that could provide early detection of heart failure signs and symptoms. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework: The theoretical and conceptual frameworks surrounding this work are the Omaha System and Donabedian’s structure, process, and outcomes theory for healthcare quality improvement supported by Neuman’s Systems Model. The Omaha …

Seroprevalence Of Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Anti-Hcv Antibodies And Hiv And Knowledge Among People Who Use Drugs Attending Methadone Therapy Clinic In Tanzania; A Cross-Sectional Study, Semvua B. Kilonzo, Daniel L W Gunda, David C. Majinge, Hyasinta Jaka, Paulina M. Manyiri, Fredrick Kalokola, Grahame Mtui, Elichilia R. Shao, Fatma Bakshi, Alex Stephano

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background

Methadone therapy clinics have been recently introduced in Tanzania, aiming at reducing risk behaviors and infection rates of viral hepatitis and HIV among people who use drugs. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, associated factors and knowledge level of these conditions among people who use drugs attending a methadone clinic in Tanzania.

Methods

We enrolled 253 People who using drugs receiving Methadone therapy. Clinical data was retrospectively collected from the medical records and face-to face interviews were conducted to determine the behavioral risk factors and respondents’ knowledge on viral hepatitis and HIV.

Results

An overall …

Distinct Cortical Systems Reinstate The Content And Context Of Episodic Memories., James E. Kragel, Youssef Ezzyat, Bradley C. Lega, Michael R. Sperling, Gregory A. Worrell, Robert E. Gross, Barbara C. Jobst, Sameer A. Sheth, Kareem A. Zaghloul, Joel M. Stein, Michael J. Kahana

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Episodic recall depends upon the reinstatement of cortical activity present during the formation of a memory. Evidence from functional neuroimaging and invasive recordings in humans suggest that reinstatement organizes our memories by time or content, yet the neural systems involved in reinstating these unique types of information remain unclear. Here, combining computational modeling and intracranial recordings from 69 epilepsy patients, we show that two cortical systems uniquely reinstate the semantic content and temporal context of previously studied items during free recall. Examining either the posterior medial or anterior temporal networks, we find that forward encoding models trained on the brain's …

Temporal Trends In Smoking And Nicotine Dependence In Relation To Co-Occurring Substance Use In The United States, 2005-2016, Yun Wang, Ying Liu, Mary Waldron, Alexandra N. Houston-Ludlam, Vivia V. Mccutcheon, Michael T. Lynskey, Pamela A. F. Madden, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Andrew C. Heath, Min Lian

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background
Despite an overall decline in tobacco use in the United States, secular trends of smoking and nicotine dependence with co-occurring substance use are not well characterized.

Methods
We examined self-reported tobacco and other substance use in 22,245 participants age 21–59 in the United States from six waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Using Joinpoint regression, we assessed secular trends of smoking and nicotine dependence as a function of co-occurring use of alcohol, prescription opioids, marijuana/hashish, cocaine/heroin/methamphetamine, or other injection drug use. Multivariable logistic regressions were fitted to identify the potential risk factors.

Results
During 2005–2016, …

Lncrna Nonhsat069381 And Nonhsat140844 Increase In Aging Human Blood, Regulating Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis., Jinyang Zhao, Xiaolong Lin, Haoxuan Sun, Donghui Zhao, Qin Ma, Wayne Bond Lau, Zichao Cheng, Fanqi Li, Jinghua Liu, Qian Fan

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

Aging augments postischemic apoptosis via incomplete mechanisms. Our previous animal study suggests that in addition to proapoptotic effects, lncRNAs also exert antiapoptotic effects in cardiomyocytes. However, whether this unexpected phenomenon exists in humans is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between aging and apoptosis regulation in human blood samples and confirmed their role by utilizing the cardiomyocyte lines (AC16 cells). Human blood samples were collected from 20 pairs of older adult and young volunteers. Age-different apoptotic regulatory lncRNAs and miRNAs were identified by microarray and bioinformatics analysis. The results indicated that lncRNA (NONHSAT069381 and NONHSAT140844) and miRNA …

Objective Physiological Measures Of Lingual And Jaw Function In Healthy Individuals And Individuals With Dysphagia Due To Neurodegenerative Diseases, Megan E. Cuellar, Elizabeth Oommen

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Swallowing is a neuromuscular process that involves a complex sequence of sensorimotor events, which are executed to efficiently and safely transport food and liquid from the mouth to the stomach. Safe oropharyngeal swallowing involves the activation, modulation, and coordination of oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and esophageal structures and musculature. Impaired or atypical patterns of swallowing are considered characteristic of a swallowing disorder, otherwise referred to as dysphagia, and affect the performance of all stages, i.e., oral preparatory, oral transit, pharyngeal, and esophageal. Lingual and jaw musculature play critical roles in mediating swallowing function, particularly during the oral preparatory and oral transit …

Ace2 Chromogenic Immunostaining Protocol Optimized For Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Human Tissue Sections, Marda Jorgensen, Paul Joseph, Amanda L. Posgai, Richard S. Vander Heide, Irina Kusmartseva, Mark A. Atkinson

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Antimicrobial Efficacy Of Calcipex And Metapex In Endodontic Treatment Of Chronic Apical Periodontitis: A Randomised Controlled Trial Study Protocol, Momina Motiwala, Saqib Habib, Rabia Ghafoor, Seema Irfan

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Introduction: Various intracanal medicaments have been used in cases of chronic apical periodontitis for appropriate disinfection of the root canal system to eliminate microbes especially from the inaccessible areas. Calcium hydroxide is the most common intracanal medicament available in various forms, but its effectiveness with or without iodoform using microbial culture is unknown. Therefore, our aim is to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Calcipex and Metapex in endodontic treatment of teeth presenting with chronic apical periodontitis by assessing the bacterial load reduction.
Method and analysis: 60 single rooted teeth of patients with diagnosis of chronic apical periodontitis will be selected …

Face-To-Face Nursing Promotion Of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Marika Whitaker

Student Scholarly Projects

Practice Problem: The burden of cardiovascular disease is rising at global and national levels, and cardiac rehabilitation is recognized as one of the most beneficial and cost-effective strategies to manage it. One significant problem globally, nationally, and locally is the low numbers of eligible patients who enroll in cardiac rehabilitation.

PICOT: In patients with isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (P), how does face-to-face nursing promotion of cardiac rehabilitation (I) compared to the patients who do not have face-to-face nursing promotion (C), affect the percentage of patients enrolling in cardiac rehabilitation after discharge (O) within 8 weeks (T)?

Evidence: …

Wound Care Management And Documentation Non-Compliance In Prevention And Care Of Wounds, Tobechukwu Unaegbu

Student Scholarly Projects

The incidence of non-compliance and adherence to best practices wound care competence continues to be an issue among the clinical staff of the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VA). At the VA, there is a practice problem of non-compliance and adherence to best practices wound care competency as evidenced in the electronic medical record (EMR) documentation among the clinical staff. A PICOT question was developed to explore if the establishment of a staff best practices wound care policy focusing on EMR documentation will improve proper wound care management among the clinical staff. The clinical site is a hospital consisting of 40 …

Pediatric Sepsis-Development Of A Clinical Pathway For The Pediatric Emergency Department, Roslyn Lampkin-Smiley

Student Scholarly Projects

Globally, various researchers have suggested that sepsis is one of the most prominent causes of infant fatalities. Since 2004, countless guidelines have been developed to assist in the early identification and management of sepsis. The PICOT question that guided this project was: Does the implementation of a pediatric sepsis clinical pathway, compared with the standard protocol in emergency departments, decrease delays in treatment times of patients presenting with sepsis? Researchers have suggested that early recognition and interventions for septic patients can result in decreased mortality rates. A pediatric sepsis clinical pathway was implemented during this project. The pathway alerted staff …

Crosstalk Between Dysfunctional Mitochondria And Inflammation In Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration, Assraa Hassan Jassim, Denise M. Inman, Claire H. Mitchell

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive inflammatory responses are both sufficient to induce pathology in age-dependent neurodegenerations. However, emerging evidence indicates crosstalk between damaged mitochondrial and inflammatory signaling can exacerbate issues in chronic neurodegenerations. This review discusses evidence for the interaction between mitochondrial damage and inflammation, with a focus on glaucomatous neurodegeneration, and proposes that positive feedback resulting from this crosstalk drives pathology. Mitochondrial dysfunction exacerbates inflammatory signaling in multiple ways. Damaged mitochondrial DNA is a damage-associated molecular pattern, which activates the NLRP3 inflammasome; priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the resulting liberation of IL-1β and IL-18 via the gasdermin …

Levels Of Trust In Information Sources As A Predictor Of Protective Health Behaviors During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Uae Cross-Sectional Study, Maria J. Figueiras, Jihane Ghorayeb, Mariana V. C. Coutinho, João Marôco, Justin Thomas

All Works

Health information sources and the level of trust in a particular source may influence the subsequent adoption of advocated health behaviors. Information source preference and levels of trust are also likely to be influenced by sociodemographic (culture, age, gender) variables. Understanding these source-trust-behavior relationships across various national and cultural contexts is integral to improved health messaging. The present study identified the sources most frequently consulted to obtain information about COVID-19 during the pandemic's early stages in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study quantified levels of trust across an array of information sources, factoring in sociodemographic variables. Finally, the study …

Carbohydrate Guide: Understanding Carbohydrates Can Help You Prevent Risk Of Diabetes, Jay Garlapati, Emilia Clementi, Osama Alkhalili, Yasmeen Alcodray, Elizabeth Lewandowski

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

The Informed Road Map To Prevention Of Alzheimer Disease: A Call To Arms, Eric Mcdade, Jorge J Llibre-Guerra, David M Holtzman, John C Morris, Randall J Bateman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Alzheimer disease (AD) prevention trials hold the promise to delay or prevent cognitive decline and dementia onset by intervening before significant neuronal damage occurs. In recent years, the first AD prevention trials have launched and are yielding important findings on the biology of targeting asymptomatic AD pathology. However, there are limitations that impact the design of these prevention trials, including the translation of animal models that recapitulate key stages and multiple pathological aspects of the human disease, missing target validation in asymptomatic disease, uncertain causality of the association of pathophysiologic changes with cognitive and clinical symptoms, and limited biomarker validation …

Nonbacterial Thrombotic Mitral Valve Endocarditis Presenting As Embolic Stroke In A Young Patient With Lupus And Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome, Andrew Mccuen, Muhammad Saad, Erin Jm Terpstra, Adam T. Stys

Aesculapius Journal (Health Sciences & Medicine)

A 37-year-old man on systemic immunosuppression for clinically and biochemically quiescent lupus nephritis, presented with left hemiparesis. Brain MRI was concerning for right sided embolic stroke. Workup was negative for atrial fibrillation, deep venous thrombosis, and heart failure. Transesophageal echocardiogram was remarkable for fixed mitral valve leaflet echodensities. In the absence of bacteremia and systemic signs of infection, and with a history of lupus, small vegetations on atrial and ventricular sides of mitral valve leaflets are suggestive of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Nonbacterial thrombotic vegetations are composed of fibrin deposits on otherwise-healthy valves. Mainstay of treatment is therapeutic anticoagulation with clinical …

Provider And Caregiver Perceptions Of Sids/Siuds Prevention In The Black Hills Of South Dakota, Levi Franz, Kenneth Snell

Aesculapius Journal (Health Sciences & Medicine)

Introduction: In spite of advances in medical technology, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and Sudden Unexplained Infant Death Syndrome (SUIDS) remain common causes of death throughout the US, and especially in South Dakota. This study aims to elucidating the assumptions that physicians and patients have regarding SIDS.

Methods: 300 surveys were distributed to care givers of 0-9 months old children at a local pediatric office. An additional 5 surveys were distributed to physicians at this clinic who were asked to predict the overall outcomes of the caregiver surveys. Data were entered into excel and analyzed with ANOVA.

Results: Caregivers who …

Evaluation Of The Spot™ Photoscreener’S Efficacy For Detecting Amblyopia Risk Factors Compared To Optometrists’ Examinations In 305 South Dakota Children, Jeremy J. Kudrna Md, Eric Habbe Md, Andrea Bordewyk Md, Hadly Carson Eisenbeisz Ms-Iv, Ryan Scarborough Od, Terrence Spencer Md

Aesculapius Journal (Health Sciences & Medicine)

Purpose: This study sought to further validate the efficacy of the SPOT^TM photoscreener version (v) 3.0.0500 as a screening device for amblyopia risk factors (ARF).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study from five different western South Dakota outpatient clinics. Data from 610 eyes of 305 children aged 6 months to 13.5 years collected between July 2018 to September 2018 were analyzed, using both the out-of-box referral criteria and the 2013 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) referral criteria. Optometrist (eye care provider or ECP) cycloplegia practice patterns were deferred to each clinics’ specific protocols. Power vector and …

Perioperative Anesthetics And Adjuvant Anxiolytic Approaches For Cataract Surgery Patients: Exploring Options, Levi Franz

Aesculapius Journal (Health Sciences & Medicine)

Cataract surgery is one of the most common surgeries performed worldwide. It has high rates of success and minimal adverse outcomes. In spite of the surgery’s effectiveness, patients frequently report perioperative anxiety. This anxiety is often treated with pharmacologic sedation; however, evidence suggests that this is unnecessary and can lead to poorer patient outcomes. There is evidence that other adjuvant therapies exist which can decrease perioperative anxiety and therefore the need for higher levels of pharmacologic sedation. This paper explores some of these adjuvant therapies, as well as current anesthetic technique used in cataract surgery.

Perioperative Anesthetics And Adjuvant Anxiolytics For Cataract Surgery Patients, Levi Franz, Jeremy J. Kudrna, Peter Hoesing, Mark Garry

Aesculapius Journal (Health Sciences & Medicine)

Cataract Surgery is one of the most common surgeries performed worldwide. It has high rates of success, and minimal adverse outcomes. In spite of the surgery’s effectiveness, patients frequently report perioperative anxiety. This anxiety is often treated with pharmacologic sedation; however, evidence suggests that this is unnecessary, and can lead to poorer patient outcomes. There is evidence that other adjuvant therapies exist which can decrease the need for higher levels of pharmacologic sedation; this paper explores some of these adjuvant therapies.

Exploring The Relationship Between Cellular Senescence, Apolipoprotein E, And Alzheimer’S Disease, Buay Deng

Natural Sciences and Mathematics | Biological Sciences Master's Theses

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the world and currently affects more than 50 million people and has no cure to date. One of its major neuropathological hallmarks is the presence of senile plaques—formed from Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers. Aβ has also been associated with the development of cellular senescence in preclinical AD models, suggesting that cellular senescence may be mechanistically involved in disease progression. Cellular senescence is a stress response that occurs when cells are exposed to degenerative factors that puts them into permanent cell cycle arrest, this process increases with age. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) …

Mechanisms Of How Diet And Light Interact To Influence Drosophila Longevity Through The Eye, Charles H. Lau

Natural Sciences and Mathematics | Biological Sciences Master's Theses

Previous studies in Drosophila melanogaster have established that overexposure to light damages photoreceptors and that photoreceptor degeneration contributes to shortened lifespans. However, the role of diet and circadian rhythms in the eye has not yet been elucidated. Many vital processes in the eye are regulated by circadian rhythms, and circadian misalignment has been proven as a driver of aging. In the eye, one of the most enriched circadian functions is phototransduction. Phototransduction plays a major role in the organism’s ability to detect light. Our lab has previously proven that Dietary Restrictions (DR) can play a role in amplifying circadian rhythms …

2021-07-20_Michiganoverview_Covidbedppe, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Hospital Data

Contains the tables Statewide Hospital Capacity Report for COVID-19, COVID-19 Metrics, Statewide Hospital Available PPE Tracking for COVID-19, as well as the tables PPE Days On Hand and Patient Census.

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 81), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

2021 July 20 - Medical Student Education Committee Minutes, Medical Student Education Committee, East Tennessee State University

Medical Student Education Committee Minutes

No abstract provided.

2021-07-20_Michigandaily_Covidmap, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Daily Michigan COVID-19 Update

The "WHERE WE STAND WITH COVID-19" map was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily at 3p.m., Monday - Saturday.

The State of Michigan is working around the clock to test and treat COVID-19 patients. Below is the most recent data healthcare experts across the state have compiled.

The image contained a map, indicating total cases by county, and also provides statistics on Total Confirmed Cases, Total COVID-19 Deaths, Daily Confirmed Cases, and Daily COVID-19 Deaths. There …

2021-07-20_Michiganoverview_Covidlongtermcare, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Long Term Care Data

The COVID Long Term Care Facilities page was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 data page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/0,9753,7-406-98163_98173-526911--,00.html.

This report is created by the Michigan Department of Health & Human Services from data self-reported by long-term care facilities into EMResource. Data for all reporting facilities is posted weekly each Monday.

The information below represents COVID-19 data reported directly to MDHHS by licensed and operating Skilled Nursing, Home for the Aged and Adult Foster Care facilities (licensed to serve 13 or more individuals) in Michigan from January 1, 2020. All long-term care facilities additionally have an obligation to report COVID-positive residents and/or staff …

2021-07-20_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated twice a week on Tuesdays and Fridays.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 183 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (132 Emergency Departments (ED), 51 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, …