Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Added Sugar Consumption And Prediabetes In U.S. Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2018, Nadia Markie Sneed

All ETDs from UAB

Prediabetes is a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) that effects 88- million U.S. adults. Added sugar is linked to the risk for prediabetes through direct and indirect mechanisms that promote hepatic and whole-body insulin resistance. Added sugar is overconsumed and totals ~13% of American’s daily caloric intake, with consumption highest for non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanic minority populations also disproportionality affected by prediabetes and T2D. The effects of total added sugar on prediabetes have been mixed; however, total added sugar intake has primarily been examined using added sugar proxies (e.g., sugar-sweetened beverages, fructose), likely increasing systemic measurement error …

Association Of Abdominal Obesity And Risk Of Atrial Fibrillation: Findings From The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study, Joonseok Kim

All ETDs from UAB

Background: Our knowledge of the association between abdominal obesity (AO) and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) is limited. Methods: We included 11,617 black and white participants (mean age 63.0 + 8.4 years) from the REGARDS (REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) national cohort study who were free of AF at baseline between 2003 and 2007, and completed a follow-up exam between 2013 and 2016 with assessment of AF. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval of incident AF associated with …

Risk Of Delirium With Opioid Use Among Older Adults In The Emergency Department, Rachel Michelle Skains

All ETDs from UAB

Objectives: Delirium affects 7-17% of older Emergency Department (ED) patients. Inadequate pain control and opioid pain management have been reported to increase risk for delirium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between pain severity, opioid exposure, and delirium among older ED patients.Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted in an academic Geriatric ED. Patients aged ≥65 years with an Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) score ≥2 and an Emergency Severity Index (ESI) level 3 were enrolled into the Geriatric ED Pathway. Those who received a delirium screening using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (NuDESC) …

Influence Of Race, Gender, Rurality, And Dyadic Health On Symptom Pattern Trajectories In Persons With Advanced Heart Failure, Macy Lynn Stockdill

All ETDs from UAB

Individuals living with heart failure experience a high symptom burden that must be addressed to improve their quality of life as well as the quality of life of their family caregivers. This is a challenging task as different situational and individual factors, including clinical/physiological factors and cultural factors, can affect an individual’s symptom experience. The purpose of this dissertation study was to examine existing symptom pattern trajectories and associated factors (sociodemographic, clinical/physiological characteristics, dyadic health) among a sample of under-resourced and racially diverse older adults with advanced heart failure living in the Deep South. This purpose was accomplished through four …

Attitudes, Beliefs, And Perceived Self-Efficacy Pre- And Post- Suicide Prevention Training, Angela Marie Sullivan

All ETDs from UAB

A 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) data brief included suicide in the top 20 causes of death worldwide. The WHO also listed suicide as the second leading cause of death for those aged 15 – 29 worldwide. In the US, suicide is the leading cause of violent death and has been consistently ranked as the 10th leading cause of death among all age groups in the US since 2008. In Alabama, the CDC reports suicide as the 11th leading cause of death in the state and the second leading cause of death for those aged 15 – 34. This study …

Developing A Core Set Of Nursing-Sensitive Indicators For International Pediatric Oncology Nursing Practice, Courtney Erin Sullivan

All ETDs from UAB

Although nursing sensitive indicators (NSIs) have been developed to measure factors influencing nursing care quality and patient outcomes in general and in select specialty areas, a core set of NSIs for international pediatric oncology nursing practice does not exist. Quality nursing care delivery in pediatric oncology is essential to achieving optimal patient outcomes and closing the 50% survival gap between high-income and low- and middle-income countries. To enhance global childhood cancer outcomes influenced by nursing, this dissertation research was conducted with the purpose of developing a preliminary core set of NSIs for international pediatric oncology nursing that is important, actionable, …

An Evaluation Of The Impact Of Medical Home Structures And Care Processes On Temporary Profile Days Among Active-Duty U.S. Army Soldiers, Tanekkia M. Taylor-Clark

All ETDs from UAB

Readiness, the Armed Forces’ ability to carry out a range of military operations, is one of the U.S. Army’s highest strategic priorities. The medical readiness of soldiers is a critical component of overall operational readiness. The greatest threat to medical readiness is acute musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs). Medical providers place soldiers on medical limitations referred to as a “temporary profile” to facilitate treatment and recovery of acute MSIs. Poorly managed temporary profiles negatively impact soldiers’ work attendance and performance, leading to the loss or limitation of over 25 million training/duty days annually. Changes within the primary care setting, including implementing the …

Is There A Relationship Between Leadership Characteristics And Services Provided Among Ihs Urban Indian Health Programs?, George Grant Tribble

All ETDs from UAB

IS THERE A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS AND SERVICES PROVIDED AMONG IHS URBAN INDIAN HEALTH PROGRAMS?GEORGE G. TRIBBLE HEALTHCARE LEADERSHIP ABSTRACT The Native American population has faced and been impacted by a wide range of actions throughout the last few hundred years. The loss of cultural norms and way of life continues to manifest itself through various socioeconomic concerns. At the center of the Native American leadership model is a disciplined and culturally specific guidance structure. The Urban Indian Health Program (UIHP) was created by the Indian Health Service to establish a culturally appropriate health care delivery model for Native …

Disrupting The Perioperative Opioid Gateway: Identification Of Risk Factors For New Persistent Post-Surgical Opioid Use, Gia Marie Pittet

All ETDs from UAB

A large portion of the American Opioid Crisis is due to opioid naïve patients who become new persistent post-surgical opioid users, although the risk factors for the development of this addiction are not well studied. The objective of this study was to analyze multiple layers of pre-operative and procedural risk factors using an ecological perspective theoretical framework in adult patients undergoing invasive surgery. We performed a retrospective analysis of 13,970 opioid naïve adults in a mixed surgical cohort with data available at the University of California Los Angeles that was merged with narcotics data for the State of California (IRB#19-000625). …

Biomarker And Target Discovery In Cancer, Alyncia Dominique Robinson

All ETDs from UAB

Cancer is a complex disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of transformed cells that can arise in many tissue types throughout the body (e.g., breast, lung, prostate, pancreas, lymph nodes) and is a major cause of death worldwide. Cancer progression resulting in aggressive or metastatic disease accounts for one of the leading causes of death worldwide, second only to heart disease in the US. Incidentally, cancer-related mortality has been on a steady decline, dropping 25% over the last 25 years [1]. This could be attributed to improved and earlier diagnoses and better treatment options being developed over the past few decades. …

Athletics As A Life Curriculum: Lessons Learned Through Different Aspects Of Athletics, Thomas J. Davis

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

For my dissertation, I decided to write a memoir to have the opportunity to go through the self-reflection process and learn more about my inner self. I wanted to learn how the life experiences I write about have affected me as a student-athlete, coach, teacher, parent, and how they have shaped me into who I am today. I took instances from my life in athletics that I believe are significant in the development of my overall being. Educational scholars such as William Pinar (1995, 2004), John Dewey (1916/2019, 1933), Frederic Gros (2011), Immanuel Kant (1908/2015), Nel Noddings (2005), and Paulo …

Injury Reporting Barriers Amongst Aviation Soldiers, Morgan Stanwood

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

There is a high prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in the U.S. military which poses a major threat to military readiness. However, recent research indicates that Soldiers do not seek medical care for nearly half of their injuries. PURPOSE: Identify barriers in injury reporting using the Theory of Planned Behavior within a U.S. Army special operations aviation population. METHODS: This descriptive study utilized a self-report survey to explore injury rates, reporting rates, and perceptions of reporting behaviors. RESULTS: Of the 108 Soldiers who completed this study 77.8% experienced a MSKI in the previous 12 months and 69% sought medical care (reported …

Effect Of Hearing And Head Protection On The Localization Of Tonal And Broadband Reverse Alarms, Chantal Laroche, Christian Giguère, Véronique Vaillancourt, Claudia Marleau, Marie-France Cadieux, Karina Laprise-Girard, Emily Gula, Véronique Carroll, Manuelle Bibeau, Hugues Nélisse

Études primaires

Objective

This study explored the effects of hearing protection devices (HPDs) and head protection on the ability of normal-hearing individuals to localize reverse alarms in background noise.

Background

Among factors potentially contributing to accidents involving heavy vehicles, reverse alarms can be difficult to localize in space, leading to errors in identifying the source of danger. Previous studies have shown that traditional tonal alarms are more difficult to localize than broadband alarms. In addition, HPDs and safety helmets may further impair localization.

Method

Standing in the middle of an array of eight loudspeakers, participants with and without HPDs (passive and level-dependent) …

Therapists' Perspectives On Aiding Individuals To Maintain Social Connection While Struggling With Health Concerns, Shari Howington-Carlin

Theses and Dissertations

This applied dissertation was designed to explore therapists’ perspectives on aiding individuals to maintain social connection while struggling with health concerns. Social relationships support physical and psychological well-being, yet individuals struggling with physical or mental health issues often have difficulty maintaining their relationships. Therapists, as health professionals, often discuss physical as well as emotional health concerns with their patients, including components of physiological and psychological heath care. Emerging neuroscience is aiding in understanding how research in this field supports early intervention for health outcomes around healthy social and family relationships during chronic disease or illness onset.The researcher conducted a phenomenological …

Intersectionality: The Role Of The Athletic Trainer In Providing Culturally Competent Patient-Centered Care, Rebecca M. Lopez, Samar Long, Dani M. Moffit, Ashley K. Crossway

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

No abstract provided.

Bi-Lateral Hand Compartment Syndrome Secondary To Autoimmune Disorder In A Former High School Multi-Sport Athlete, Alyssa Vaniman

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Patient is a 21-year-old female former multiple-sport athlete who has suffered from the development of multiple cases of compartment syndrome throughout their body. At the time the medical staff encountered the patient, they were diagnosed with bilateral hand compartment syndrome. An autoimmune disorder known as Scleromyositis was diagnosed as the source of the multiple diagnosed cases of compartment syndrome. Prior to surgical intervention, the patient was unable to complete everyday tasks as a student. As pressure within their hypothenar, thenar, and interosseous compartments grew, the patient was no longer able to complete everyday fine motor skill tasks. A post-surgical rehabilitation …

Telehealth Optimization – Role Of Clinical Athletic Trainers In Orthopedic/Sports Medicine Practice, Katie Harbacheck, Laura Grambo, Shaun Keefer, Eric Klein, Christine Boyd, Carolyn Ford-Hemann, Cameron D’Alpe, Steve Frick, Kevin Shea

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Background: Prior to COVID-19, telehealth (TH) implementation in most health systems was minimal. The transition to high rates of TH was dramatic in response to COVID-19, and many health systems struggled to develop optimal, efficient TH workflows. Hypothesis/Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of clinically integrated athletic trainers (ATs) into the TH transition of a major orthopedic academic center through growth of TH visits as well as physician satisfaction. Methods: Workflows and tip sheets were designed to include considerations of TH visit increases, adoption of appropriate technology platforms and optimal staff models. The rapid …

The Rise In Use Of Emotional Support Animals By College Students: The Impact Of Parenting Styles, Misty G. Smith, Samantha Ballard, Jill Willis

Journal of Higher Education & Student Affairs

As the generational context of higher education shifts, a rise of Emotional Support Animals (ESA) and mental health concerns are present for students on college campuses. While previous studies have aimed to address the relevancy and controversy of ESAs in higher education as well as their effectiveness in supporting individuals, less research has explored underlying factors that contribute to the use of an ESA. The purpose of this study was to explore the parenting behaviors of parents/caregivers of students with ESAs in comparison to parents/caregivers of students without ESAs. An embedded mixed methods design was used. Participants completed the Parenting …

An Analysis Of Resident Generated On-Shift Evidence-Based Medicine Questions, Jacob Albers, Estelle Cervantes Ba, Phillip Sgobba Bs, Mbs, Shreyas Kudrimoti Ba, Jeffrey B. Brown, Kashyap Kaul Do, William Spinosi Do, Ajay Varadhan, Joseph B. Zackary Md, Bryan G. Kane Md

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Thiazolidine Derivatives Attenuate Carrageenan-Induced Inflammatory Pain In Mice, Zulkifal Malik, Muzaffar Abbas, Lina Tariq Al Kury, Fawad Ali Shah, Mahboob Alam, Arif Ullah Khan, Humaira Nadeem, Saad Alghamdi, Muhammad Umar Khayam Sahibzada, Shupeng Li

All Works

© 2021 Malik et al. Background: Peripheral inflammation leads to the development of persistent thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia associated with increased expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the spinal cord. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of thiazolidine derivatives, 1b ([2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-yl](morpholin-4-yl)methanone) and 1d (2-hydroxy-4-{[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carbonyl]amino}benzoic acid), on thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia and on IL-1β expression during carrageenan-induced inflammation in the spinal cord in mice. Inflammatory pain was induced by injecting 1% carrageenan into the right hind paw of the mice. Methods: The animals were administered thiazolidine derivatives, 1b and 1d (1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, or 10 …

A Review Of The Efficacy Of The Dietary Intervention In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Zainab Taha, Khalid A. Abdalhai

All Works

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder with 1 in 68 children prevalence. The key symptoms of ASD include social deficits, verbal and non-verbal communication deficits, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. For unknown reasons, gastrointestinal symptoms are related to ASD. The aim of the current paper is to review the available literature on dietary interventions in children with ASD and provide up-to-date evidence. METHODS: Searches in online databases, using the search terms’ dietary intervention, “autism spectrum disorders,” and “autism” were conducted. The search targeted publications ranging from 2010 to 2020. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies …

Applications Of Longitudinal Machine Learning Methods In Multi-Study Alzheimer's Disease Datasets, Charles F. Murchison

All ETDs from UAB

Advances in statistical learning models for prediction have led to broader application across a variety of disciplines, granting generalizations and adaptations that were previ-ously intractable even with advanced computational techniques. Among these is the al-lowance of correlated data with inherent paneled structure such as longitudinal or clus-tered data; adjustments which have already begun to be applied to a variety of supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods which had previously focused on cross-sec-tional data. These modifications have seen rudimentary testing in a number of applied disciplines where correlated data is commonly observed, including medical and clinical research. One field in particular …

Neonatal Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection Disrupts Synapse Remodeling During Development, Jerome Moulden

All ETDs from UAB

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a complex double stranded DNA betaherpesvirus. Its linear DNA in enclosed in an icosahedral capsid, and has a genome size of about 230kb and encodes about 170 genes. Primary infection with HCMV lead to a lifelong persistent infection. HCMV can also be transmitted across the placenta and infect the developing fetus leading to infection of the newborn infant, an infection which is commonly described as congenital HCMV infection. In the United States, the prevalence of congenital HCMV infection is between 0.2-1.2%. Approximately 5-15% of these newborn infants will develop long-term neurological damage resulting, motor disorder, cognition …

Identifying Factors To Inform The Development Of Adaptive Interventions For Increasing Physical Activity Behavior Among People With Multiple Schlerosis, Yumi Kim

All ETDs from UAB

People with multiple sclerosis (MS) can benefit from physical activity, specifically exercise, for the management of disease symptoms, including walking impairments, fatigue, and depression, and improvements in quality of life. However, people with MS do not engage in adequate amounts of physical activity for the accrual of health benefits. Researchers have focused on the delivery of exercise training and behavioral interventions to improve levels of physical activity in MS. To date, there is an emerging body of research supporting the efficacy of these interventions for increasing and potentially sustaining physical activity behavior in people with MS. Yet, people with MS …

Multidrug-Resistance, Antibiotic-Associated Acute Kidney Injury, And Poor Disease Prognosis In Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia, Adeniyi J. Idigo

All ETDs from UAB

In this dissertation research, I examined the challenges of treating patients with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with the purpose of identifying risk factors linked with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas, treatment toxicity, and poor disease prognosis. I used a retrospective cohort study design to explore a clinical cohort of patients admitted to the University of Alabama at Birmingham hospital network who had bacterial pneumonia diagnosis assessed to be from community transmission between January 2013-December 2019. Electronic medical records were accessed for socio-demographic and clinical information. First, I examined the local prevalence/incidence of Pseudomonas CAP and MDR Pseudomonas CAP, and the relationship between …

Studies On Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae Biofilm Persistence & Redox Homeostasis In Chronic Bacterial Diseases, Benjamin C. Hunt

All ETDs from UAB

Bacterial biofilms, or surface-adherent bacterial communities surrounded by a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix, are ubiquitous. They are found throughout Earth’s ecosystems, in the soil and waterways, and more pressingly for the medical community, they are found within humans. Bacterial biofilms are associated with a multitude of diseases and their involvement significantly complicates treatment given that bacteria growing within a biofilm are extremely more resistant to antibiotics and immune effectors. Thus, the need to better understand biofilm biology and find ways to disrupt and/or sensitize biofilms to medical treatment is significant. The goal of the research presented herein was to investigate …

Tau-Sh3 Interactions And Alzheimer's Disease, Jonathan Roth

All ETDs from UAB

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, and its impact will increase with an aging population. It is characterized by dementia associated with accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, intracellular hyperphosphorylated Tau tangles, and neurodegeneration. Additionally, network hyperexcitability occurs early in AD and likely contributes to disease pathogenesis. Current therapies provide minor delay of disease progression at best, so it is imperative to develop novel therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat AD. As Tau pathology correlates better with cognitive function than Aβ pathology and Tau reduction prevents Aβ-induced dysfunction in preclinical models, targeting Tau is a growing …

Effeccts Of Hiv-1 Tat On Tspo, A Biomarker Of Neuroinflammation, Nguyen Thuy Nhu Nguyen

All ETDs from UAB

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) produces serious neurological dysfunction for > 50% of people living with HIV (PLWH). As antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV into a chronic disease, and since most ART does not effectively cross the blood brain barrier, HAND is predicted to further increase in prevalence in PLWH. The HIV-Trans-Activator of Transcription (Tat) is known to persist in the central nervous system (CNS) of chronically infected HIV+ individuals. In several preclinical studies, HIV-Tat has been shown to be neurotoxic and important for HIV pathogenesis. Translocator protein (TSPO), an 18 kDa mitochondrial protein, has been shown to be increased via …

Characterization Of Rna Polymerase I Trigger Loop Mutations, Collin Ainslie

All ETDs from UAB

RNA polymerases are primarily multi-subunit enzymes that synthesize RNAs from template DNA strands. RNA polymerase I (Pol I) is the eukaryotic RNA polymerase that synthesizes the majority of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) for ribosome production. These include the 5.8S, 28S, and 18S rRNAs which are synthesized from a polycistronic gene in the nucleolus. The rRNAs synthesized by Pol I, the 5S rRNA, & ribosomal proteins come together to synthesize ribosomes through ribosome biogenesis. Dysregulation of Pol I activity has been established to contribute to dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis and disease state development. These conditions include but are not limited to Cincinnati …

Characterization Of Cellular And Viral Factors That Define The Stability Of The Latent Hiv-1 Reservoir, Eric Carlin

All ETDs from UAB

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a chronic viral illness that requires lifelong management due to the early formation of a latent viral reservoir within the patient’s CD4+ T cells. These latent infection events lay dormant within infected cells and reactivate stochastically or during periods of T cell activation presenting a major hurdle to the development of an HIV cure. As our understanding of the factors that contribute to HIV latency has evolved, we have started to appreciate latency as more than a chromatin regulation phenotype, due to the vast number of cellular factors that have been described to impact …