Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Conexo, Joseph Leone, Anjali Patel, Heli Patel, Gigi Geary, Lauren Huggler, Stephanie Szymanski, J. Matthew Fields

Phase 1

Helping healthcare workers keep IV lines clean in order to reduce preventable bloodstream infections.

Considerations And Guidance For Using Routine And Program Monitoring Data For Social And Behavior Change Evaluation, Breakthrough Research

Reproductive Health

This brief is intended for global, regional, and national social and behavior change program implementers, evaluators, and monitoring and evaluation teams who want to document their program impacts through routinely collected data. Use of routine and program monitoring data for evaluation presents many opportunities for evaluating program impacts on priority health outcomes, with advantages that include their greater frequency, broader geographic range, longer duration, and lower cost of acquisition. Routine and program monitoring data may not be under direct control of evaluators and thus may not always be appropriate for evaluation. Careful consideration of the appropriateness of routine data for …

Start-Play Physical Therapy Intervention Impacts Motor And Cognitive Outcomes In Infants With Neuromotor Disorders: A Multisite Randomized Clinical Trial, Regina T. Harbourne, Stacey C. Dusing, Michele A. Lobo, Sarah W. Mccoy, Natalie A. Koziol, Lin-Ya Hsu, Sandra Willett, Emily C. Marcinowski, Iryna Babik, Andrea B. Cunha, Mihee An, Hui-Ju Chang, James A. Boviard, Susan M. Sheridan

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of the Sitting Together and Reaching to Play (START-Play) intervention in young infants with neuromotor disorders.

Method. This randomized controlled trial compared usual care early intervention (UC-EI) with START-Play plus UC-EI. Analyses included 112 infants with motor delay (55 UC-EI, 57 START-Play) recruited at 7 to 16 months of age across 5 sites. STARTPlay included twice-weekly home visits with the infant and caregiver for 12 weeks provided by physical therapists trained in the START-Play intervention; UC-EI was not disrupted. Outcome measures were the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition …

Physical Therapists' Assessment Of Patient Self-Efficacy For Home Exercise Programs, Kelsey J. Picha, Alison Snyder Valier, Nicholas R. Heebner, John P. Abt, Ellen L. Usher, Gilson J. Capilouto, Timothy L. Uhl

Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition Faculty Publications

Background: Patient adherence to home exercise programs (HEPs) is low, and poor patient self-efficacy is a barrier clinicians can influence. However, little evidence suggests that clinicians assess level of patient self-efficacy before prescribing HEPs.

Purpose: To determine the importance of patient self-efficacy to physical therapists (PTs) when addressing patient barriers, determine how PTs assess and use patient self-efficacy for HEPs, and describe the barriers facing PTs when assessing patient self-efficacy for HEPs.

Study Design: Survey.

Methods: Practicing PTs were recruited from the American Physical Therapy Association's Orthopedic Section and emailed the electronic survey.

Results: Email invitations were sent to 17730 …

Building Healthy Communities: Executive Summary - Policy, Systems, And Physical Changes, Core (Center For Outcomes Research & Education)

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No abstract provided.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings In Childhood Epilepsy At A Tertiary Hospital In Kenya, Pauline Samia, Nicholas Odero, Maureen Njoroge, Shem Ochieng, Jacqueline Mavuti, Sheila Waa, Samson Gwer

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Neuroimaging is important for determining etiology and guiding care in early childhood epilepsy. However, access to appropriate imaging in sub-Saharan Africa is modest, and as a consequence, etiological descriptions of childhood epilepsy in the region have been limited. We sought to describe MRI findings in children with epilepsy presenting to a tertiary hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, over a 6-year period of routine care.

Materials and Methods: We undertook a retrospective review of MRI findings of children aged between 0 and 18 years with a diagnosis of epilepsy presenting to the pediatric neurology department of Aga Khan University Hospital in …

Endovascular Coil Embolization Of Ruptured And Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Review Of A 15 Year Single Center Experience In Pakistan, Misha Khalid Khan, Muhammad Danish Barakzai, Mustafa Belal Hafeez Chaudhry, Tanveer Ul Haq, Muhammad Ehsan Bari, Raza Sayani

Department of Radiology

Objective: To assess the outcome of endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysm over 15 years.
Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the at Radiology Department of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised medical records from April 2003 to April 2018 of patients who received endovascular treatment for intracranial aneurysm. Multiple variables reviewed included demographics, clinical presentation, aneurysm morphology, technique used, technique outcome and clinical outcome. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: Of the 242 patients, 111(45.8%) were males and 131(54.1%) were female. The overall mean age was 46.3+/-13.543 years (range: 9-78years). Aneurysm size was <5mm in 95(40.4%) patients, 5-10mm in 98(41.7%) and >10mm in 42(17.9%) patients. …

Investigation Of Equine In Vivo And In Vitro Derived Metabolites Of The Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (Sarm) Acp-105 For Improved Doping Control, Malin Nilsson Broberg, Heather Knych, Ulf Bondesson, Curt Pettersson, Scott Stanley, Mario Thevis, Mikael Hedeland

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) have anabolic properties but less adverse effects than anabolic androgenic steroids. They are prohibited in both equine and human sports and there have been several cases of SARMs findings reported over the last few years. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolite profile of the SARM ACP-105 (2-chloro-4-[(3-endo)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl]-3-methylbenzonitrile) in order to find analytical targets for doping control. Oral administration of ACP-105 was performed in horses, where blood and urine samples were collected over a time period of 96 h. The in vivo samples were compared with five in vitro incubation models encompassing …

The Psychosocial Well-Being Of Older Adults In Covid-19 And The 'New Normal', Micah Tan, Paulin T. Straughan, William Tov, Grace Cheong, Wensi Lim

ROSA Research Briefs

Early research into COVID-19 has focused predominantly on the immediate and direct physical health effects of the pandemic, as compared to the wider, indirect effects of the pandemic on general well-being brought about by the various measures put in place to contain the virus. In terms of policies, focus has also been placed largely on containment and broad based policies for the entire population. As experts increasingly recognize that the pandemic will be a protracted event (The Straits Times, 2021), however, there is a need for stakeholders to place greater emphasis on the indirect effects of COVID-19 that will likely …

Two-Year Outcomes Of The Artisan-Snm Study For The Treatment Of Urinary Urgency Incontinence With The Axonics Rechargeable Sacral Neuromodulation System, Andrea Pezzella, Rebecca Mccrery, Felicia Lane, Kevin Benson, Chris Taylor, Kenneth M. Peters

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Introduction: Sacral neuromodulation is a guideline-recommended therapy for treatment of urinary urgency incontinence (UUI) patients [1]. The Axonics® System is the first FDA-approved rechargeable SNM system that is qualified to delivery therapy for at least 15 years. The ARTISAN-SNM study is a prospective, pivotal study, designed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Axonics System for UUI treatment. Clinical outcomes at 2 years are presented. Methods: 129 UUI participants across 19 centers in the US and Europe were implanted with the Axonics System in a single, non-staged procedure. Clinical outcomes were reported from 3-day bladder diaries, a validated quality …

Changes In Patient Reported Outcome Measures After Treatment Of Female Urethral Stricture, Alyssa Gracely, Giulia I. Lane, Pansy Uberoi, Una Lee, Ariana Smith, Priya Padmanabhan

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Introduction: There is a paucity of patient reported outcome measures (PROM) data for women with urethral strictures. Prior literature focuses on anatomic success, with almost no data describing patient centered outcomes. To fill this critical gap, we aim to evaluate change in PROM among women who underwent surgery for stricture. Methods: Data were collected as part of a multiinstitutional retrospective cohort study of women treated for urethral stricture between 2010-19. Median change between baseline and postoperative follow-up on the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUA-SI) and Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI-6) were assessed using paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: Of the …

Fractional Carbon Dioxide Vaginal Laser For The Treatment Of Urinary Symptoms: Preliminary Short-Term Results, Annah Vollstedt, Lauren Tennyson, Michael Rezaee, Ly Hoang Roberts, Larry Sirls, Priya Padmanabhan, Kenneth M. Peters

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that the fractional carbon dioxide (fCO2) vaginal laser improves genitourinary symptoms of menopause. It has been proposed that fCO2 vaginal laser can also treat stress urinary incontinence (SUI) by increasing collagen production. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of vaginal fCO2 laser therapy in patient complaining of SUI. Methods: Women over 18 years old with complaints of urogenital symptoms who had been off vaginal estrogen for at least three months were enrolled in this open-label prospective trial. Participants received 3 laser treatments approximately 6 weeks apart. Stress test was performed on …

Are Consortia Polymicrobial Urinary Tract Infections More Symptomatic Than Monomicrobial? Results From A Multi-Institutional Study, Annah Vollstedt, Dakun Wang, Natalie Luke, David Baunoch, Kirk J. Wojno, Kevin Cline, Natalie Gaines, Howard Korman, S Mohammad Jafri, David Wenzler, Frank Burks, Larry Sirls

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Introduction: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been shown to be more sensitive in the detection of polymicrobial infections in patients with urinary tract infection (UTI). Bacterial consortia are non-random communities of microbes that may act synergistically to provide growth and survival advantages. We aim to investigate the relationship between bacteria detected by PCR, and the presence of consortia, with clinical findings in patients with symptomatic UTI. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 2493 UTI-symptomatic patients over the age of 60 from 37 geographically disparate urology clinics in the U.S. from July 2018 to February 2019. Clinical findings, including UA …

Stimwave For Pudendal Neuralgia, Ly Hoang Roberts, Joshua Volin, Teresa Mccartney, Annah Vollstedt, Kenneth M. Peters

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Introduction: Pudendal neuralgia is a chronic and debilitating condition with 10- 25% of patients refractory to traditional therapies including sacral neuromodulation. Prior studies have shown chronic pudendal nerve stimulation with Interstim® (Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN) is effective for this patient population. This study reports on a wireless system to power an implanted lead at the pudendal nerve, StimWave®, to treat pudendal neuralgia. Methods: Retrospective chart review identified patients with pudendal neuralgia who had a lead placed at the pudendal nerve and powered wirelessly according to patient need. Clinical outcomes were assessed at post-operative visits as well as phone calls. Non-validated …

Parental Leave Satisfaction In Physicians Compared To Non-Physicians, Aryana Sharrak, Ly Hoang Roberts, Annah Vollstedt, Melissa Fischer, Esther Han

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Introduction: United States is one of the last two countries without a national parental leave mandate. Professional women of child-bearing age are uniquely impacted by the lack of a robust standardized policy. The purpose of this study is to investigate parental leave satisfaction amongst physicians versus non-physicians. Methods: After IRB approval, a 34-question electronic survey was developed through Qualtrics®, to ascertain satisfaction across professions. This was distributed via Facebook to Physician Moms Group, Beaumont Parenting Group, and Nurse Moms Group. Descriptive characteristics are reported. Statistical analysis included t- test and chi-square test. Results: Out of 816 respondents, 96% (n= 782) …

Concordance Between Antibiotic Resistance Genes By Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction And Antibiotic Susceptibility By Pooled Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing In Symptomatic Patients With Urinary Tract Infection, Annah Vollstedt, Dakun Wang, Natalie Luke, David Baunoch, Kirk J Wojno, Kevin Cline, Natalie Gaines, Howard Korman, S Mohammad Jafri, David Wenzler, Frank Burks, Larry Sirls

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Introduction: Studies have shown many genes influence antibiotic resistance, and the relationship between genotypic and phenotypic antibiotic resistance is unclear. We sought to analyze the concordance between the presence of antibiotic resistance (ABR) genes and antibiotic susceptibility results in urine samples collected from symptomatic UTI patients. Methods: Urine samples were collected from patients presenting with possible UTI to 37 geographically disparate Urology clinics from July 2018 to February 2019. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) was used to test for 33 different ABR genes. Samples in which at least one organism was identified at a quantity of ≥104 cells per mL, …

Thematic Content Analysis Of Newspaper Coverage Of The Causes Of The Opioid Crisis, Joseph Daniel Eichenlaub, Essma Nasher

Sociology Faculty Publications and Presentations

This nation pioneered modern life. Now epic numbers of Americans are killing themselves with opioids to escape it”[1]. According to the CDC, In 2017 alone, 47,600 people died from opioid-related overdoses [2]. The current opioid epidemic has developed in three distinct waves. Initially there was a sharp rise in opioid overdoses after doctors began prescribing drugs such as Oxycontin, which they were assured by pharmaceutical companies were less addictive than traditional opiates. The second wave began around 2010, when a rapid …

Facilitating Student Community Health Immersion During Covid-19 Crisis: The Promise Neighborhood Health Equity Fellowship And Bridging The Gaps Community Health Internship Collaboration., Abby S. Letcher Md, Hasshan Batts, Sirry Alang, Mary Ellen Miller

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Prevalence, Risk And Protective Indicators Of Common Mental Disorders Among Young People Living With Hiv Compared To Their Uninfected Peers From The Kenyan Coast: A Cross-Sectional Study, Moses K. Nyongesa, Paul Mwangi, Michael Kinuthia, Amin S. Hassan, Hans M. Koot, Pim Cuijpers, Charles R. J. C. Newton, Amina Abubakar

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, common mental disorders (CMDs) like depression and anxiety are under investigated amongst young people living with HIV (YLWH). To address the gap, in Kenya we: a) determined the prevalence of CMDs among YLWH compared to their uninfected peers; b) investigated HIV status as an independent predictor of CMDs in young people; c) investigated CMDs risk and protective indicators with more focus on YLWH.

Methods: Between November 2018 and September 2019, 819 young people aged 18–24 years (407 HIV-infected) were recruited from two Counties on the Kenyan coast. Locally adapted pre-existing mental health measures, Patient Health Questionnaire …

A Comparison Of Safety, Health, And Well-Being Risk Factors Across Five Occupational Samples, Ginger C. Hanson, Anjali Rameshbabu, Todd Bodner, Leslie Hammer, Diane S. Rohlman, Ryan Olson, Nancy Perrin, Bradley Wipfli, Kuehl S. Kerry, Lindsey Alley, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective: The aim of this study was to present safety, health and well-being profiles of workers within five occupations: call center work (N = 139), corrections (N = 85), construction (N = 348), homecare (N = 149), and parks and recreation (N = 178).

Methods: Baseline data from the Data Repository of Oregon’s Healthy Workforce Center were used. Measures were compared with clinical healthcare guidelines and national norms.

Results: The prevalence of health and safety risks for adults was as follows: overweight (83.2%), high blood pressure (16.4%), injury causing lost work (9.9%), and reported pain (47.0%). Young workers were least …

Impact Of Medical Nutrition Therapy On Blood Pressure, Connor Mcelwee, Jessica Vitale, Cynthia Cheng, Md, Phd

Phase 1

Introduction:

We are studying how Jefferson’s Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) program has impacted biometric variables in program participants. These variables include body weight, HgA1C, lipids, and blood pressure (BP). My poster will focus on the impact of Jefferson’s MNT on blood pressure. My hypothesis is that participation in MNT will result in reduced blood pressure.

Methods:

The target population is patients who have participated in Jefferson’s MNT program. Study exclusion criteria included history of gastric bypass surgery, medical conditions or medication usage that might impact weight loss and other dependent variables. Data was abstracted from patients’ medical records, as …

Ifn-Γ/Il-27 Axis Induces Pd-L1 Expression In Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells And Restores Immune Tolerance In Cns Autoimmunity, Asrita Vattikonda, Giacomo Casella, Javad Rasouli, Rodolfo Thome, Hélène C. Descamps, Larissa Ishikawa, Alexandra Boehm, Daniel Hwang, Weifeng Zhang, Dan Xiao, Jeongho Park, Guang-Xian Zhang, Jorge I. Alvarez, Abdolmohamad Rostami, Bogoljub Ciric

Phase 1

Antigen (Ag)-specific tolerance induction by intravenous (i.v.) injection of high-dose auto-Ags has been explored for therapy of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). It is thought that the advantage of such Ag-specific therapy over non-specific immunomodulatory treatments would be selective suppression of a pathogenic immune response without impairing systemic immunity, thus avoiding adverse effects of immunosuppression. Auto-Ag i.v. tolerance induction has been extensively studied in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, and limited clinical trials demonstrated that it is safe and beneficial to a subset of MS patients. Nonetheless, mechanisms of i.v. tolerance induction are incompletely understood, …

Acute Depression And Anxiety Symptoms Following Concussion In An Adolescent Outpatient Population, Ari M. Fish, Julia Vanni, Kristy Arbogast, Phd, Catherine C. Mcdonald, Phd, Rn, Christina Master, Md, Caqsm

Phase 1

Introduction: Research has shown that concussed youth are at increased risk of developing psychiatric symptoms as compared to non-concussed youth. Few studies, however, have detailed the presence and severity of acute depression and anxiety symptoms following a concussion in adolescents, specifically. Thus, the current study aims to describe depression and anxiety symptoms in concussed and non-concussed adolescents using validated measures of depression and anxiety.

Methods: The current study includes 284 adolescents (114 cases, 170 controls), 13-18 years of age. Cases included concussed patients at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and controls were recruited from a local, Philadelphia high school. …

Nccn Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer- Long-Term Outcomes Of Active Surveillance Compared To Active Treatment, A Population-Based Analysis, Adam Schneider, Thenappan Chandrasekar, Nicholas Bowler, Hanan Goldberg, James R. Mark, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, Leonard G. Gomella

Phase 1

Background: While active surveillance (AS) is an established standard of care for low-risk (LR) prostate cancer (PCa), its utility for intermediate risk (IR) PCa is less evident. Prior studies were limited by the inability to differentiate between AS and watchful waiting (WW). Using a recent update in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Database that allows for enhanced distinction between AS and WW, we aimed to compare survival outcomes of men with LR and IR PCa treated with either AS, WW or active treatment (AT).

Methods: 166,244 men were initially identified by biopsy Gleason Grade Group (GG) alone – …

Investigation Of The Reciprocal Relationship Between C7, Tsp1, And Tgf-Β Activation In Normal Fibroblasts, Alicia Kenyon, Andrew South, Phd

Phase 1

Introduction: Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a rare skin blistering disorder due to a loss of function mutation in the collagen 7 (C7) gene. C7 activity loss upregulates thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), stimulating tissue growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), which promotes the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in RDEB patients. This C7-TSP1 interaction has not been described in normal fibroblasts; therefore, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that the level of intracellular C7 negatively correlates with TSP1 expression in normal fibroblasts.

Methods: In this basic research cell study, C7, TSP1, and pSMAD3 (phosphorylated SMAD3), a marker of TGF-ß activation, were …

Endovascular Intervention For Tracheo-Innominate Fistula: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Andrew M. Jordan, Thomas J. O'Malley, Kyle W. Prochno, Abhiraj Saxena, Elizabeth Maynes, Brandon Ferrell, T. Sloane Guy, John W. Entwistle, H. Todd Massey, Rohinton J. Morris, Babak Abai, Vakhtang Tchantchaleishvili

Phase 1

Introduction: Fistula formation between the trachea and the innominate artery is a life-threatening complication rarely seen with existing or previous tracheostomy. Fatal upon rupture, swift diagnosis and immediate intervention are paramount for survival. We aim to identify feasibility and outcomes of endovascular intervention for trachea-innominate fistula (TIF).

Methods: Patient-level data of reported individuals above the age of 14 that underwent endovascular intervention for TIF was extracted and analyzed. Identification of 25 patients from 27 studies was accomplished by electronic database search of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Ovid Medline, …

Effects Of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure On Blood Pressure In Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Amy He, Dani Yellanki, Grace Severance, Peter Zhang, Zachary Feuer, Natali Salinas, Cynthia Cheng, Md, Phd

Phase 1

Introduction:

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been previously linked to the development of hypertension, possibly through the proposed mechanism of recurrent episodes of intermittent hypoxia leading to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. This study aims to investigate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, a first-line therapy for OSA, and its effects on blood pressure in patients with moderate to severe OSA. We hypothesize that compliance to CPAP leads to a decrease in average annual systolic and diastolic blood pressure, compared to noncompliant and non-CPAP use.

Methods:

Our study is a combined retrospective and prospective EPIC chart review study. Moderate …

Cardiac Arrest Clinical Outcomes In Patients Presenting With Opioid Overdose, Andrew Toron, Morgan Hutchinson, Md, David Gaieski

Phase 1

Introduction: Understanding opioids and their potential to cause cardiac arrests is integral in learning how to lower mortality rates in patients who overdose on them. Few studies have specifically examined the association of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests with opioid overdoses. We hypothesized that cardiac arrests caused by opioid overdoses will result in longer hospital stays and a higher mortality rate than other cardiac arrests.

Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of data from the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival. Data regarding 35 patients who presented to Jefferson and Methodist hospitals with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests due to opioid overdose …

Deep Supratentorial Extension Is Associated With Poor Clinical Outcomes After Glioblastoma Resection, Adam Barsouk, Michael P. Baldassari, Omaditya Khanna, Donald Ye, Erica Cunningham, Christopher Farrell, David Andrews, James Evans, Kevin Judy

Phase 1

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) often extends to deep supratentorial locations, which limits the extent of maximal safe resection. Deep supratentorial extension (DSE) may be a clinically convenient prognostic indicator following GBM resection.

Methods: 582 GBM resections from 2012-2018 were retrospectively reviewed. DSE was defined as tumoral extension to the basal ganglia, thalamus, corpus callosum, internal capsule, hypothalamus, caudate, or putamen as identified on preoperative imaging.

Results: DSE was identified in 32.9% cases (192), while 52.5% (306) involved only superficial supratentorial locations (frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes). Within the DSE cohort, the most commonly affected anatomical locations were the corpus …

Angiogram Negative Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Incidence, Outcomes, And Predisposition, Victoria Coaxum, Ahmad Sweid, Md, Julie Barbera, Nicolas Nelson, Grace Severance, Angelo D'Antonio-Bertagnolli, Manan Parekh

Phase 1

Introduction: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a medical emergency that may lead to deleterious outcomes unless the underlying cause is determined and managed promptly to prevent further rebleed. Though a significant percentage of cases of SAH have no identifiable pathology, there is a lack of data related to outcomes, predispositions, and whether there has been an increase in the incidence of angiogram negative SAH (anSAH). This study aimed to assess the current incidence of anSAH and factors that are associated with outcomes and predisposition among patients diagnosed with anSAH.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed. Medical records of patients …