Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

To Preprint Or Not To Preprint, Forest W. Arnold, Kimberley A. Buckner, Alex Glynn, Jessica Petrey, Jose Bordon

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Impact Of Animal-Assisted Therapy On Children’S Literacy Skills In Speech-Language Interventions, Samantha Wingate

Honors College Theses

Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is a therapeutic approach that uses therapy dogs to improve the clinical goals of individuals who need rehabilitative support. While AAT research within the health professions is developing, there is support showing that this type of milieu therapy has potential benefits when working with children with literacy concerns. Within the field of communication sciences and disorders (CSD), AAT can be used by speech-language pathologists to establish goal-directed therapy sessions to improve children’s literacy skills. This paper will highlight current literature that explores the use of AAT within literacy interventions, the use of evidence-based measures, and the feasibility …

Economic Insecurity As A Risk Factor During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Klaus E. Cavalhieri

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently spreading at a rapid rate worldwide. The current pandemic may have several adverse effects on overall psychological functioning and health behaviors. Economic insecurity, operationalized as financial strain and employment uncertainty, can be a significant risk factor for both psychological outcomes and compliance with shelter-in-place recommendations (i.e., health behaviors). One hundred and twenty four participants answered survey data on economic security, fear of COVID-19, health care system distrust, anxiety, well-being, and compliance with CDC recommendations to curb the spread of COVID-19 (i.e., health behaviors; CDC, 2020). Economic security was significantly associated with well-being, …

The Culture Factor: The Effects On Healthcare Decisions Among Guyanese Men, Harrynauth Persaud

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Culture, religious beliefs, and ethnic customs, all play a role in how patients make healthcare decisions. As the racial and ethnic diversity continues to increase in the United States, so does the culture, religious beliefs, and customs. This research aims to explore the cultural and other influences on making healthcare decisions among Indo-Guyanese immigrant men. In-depth interviews were conducted among participants residing in the neighborhood areas of Queens, New York. Thorough qualitative analyses were performed on the data for which three major themes emerged. Family influences on health behaviors, the use of alternative medicines, and religious beliefs were found to …

An Opportunity To Partner With Community Organizations To Collect Data On Asian Americans, Victoria Wang, Karen Kim

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Background: There is a shortage of health data for Asian American (AA) populations. This shortfall may be improved through the involvement of AA-serving community-based organizations (CBOs).

Objectives: This study assesses the feasibility of and interest among CBOs in creating a AA community-based data registry.

Methods: Leaders of CBOs were interviewed to assess their current data collection framework and their attitudes towards a shared data registry.

Results: Qualitative analysis shows CBOs are active in data collection, find data to be instrumental to their mission, and are interested in contributing to a broader data registry.

Discussion: The inclusion …

Personal Internalization Of A Confederate Monument Removal Event Associated With Increased Depression, Anxiety, And Stress Among University Students, Erika M. Redding, Yucheng Hou, Riley E. Mulhern

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

This study sought to determine the association between racialized events relating to the removal of a Confederate monument and mental health outcomes among students at a Southern state-university in the United States. After the removal of a Confederate monument located on the university’s campus, racialized protests and violent clashes with police forces ensued. To assess the impact of these events on student mental health outcomes, a cross-sectional survey was disseminated to 10,000 current students. Student mental health was measured using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). The key exposure, personal internalization of the event, was measured using the …

Osteopathia Striata With Cranial Sclerosis: Genetic Diagnosis In A Rural Setting, Jithil L. Tharayil B.S., Joseph J. Thomas B.S., Sally S. Leong B.S., Megan L. Mosca B.S., Jose Cucalon Calderon M.D.

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OSCS) is a rare skeletal dysplasia inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern. Patients present with a wide variety of congenital anomalies such as craniofacial, cardiac, musculoskeletal, intestinal, and genitourinary abnormalities, and developmental delay. The genetic mutation causes increased ossification of bones which can compress cranial nerves and subsequently lead to acquired hearing loss, facial paralysis, and other neurologic defects. OSCS has also been associated with epileptic seizures, pyloric stenosis, hypothyroidism, and increased bone fragility. Due to the nonspecific presentation of conditions like OSCS and the serious complications it predisposes patients to, it is important that …

Us Immigrants’ Experiences With The Covid-19 Pandemic- Findings From Online Focus Groups, Awele Maduka-Ezeh, Ikwesilotuto T. Ezeh, Benjamin E. Bagozzi, Jennifer A. Horney, Somawina Nwegbu, Joseph E. Trainor

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Objective:

Immigrants in the United States (US) are disproportionately affected by disasters. Yet the effects of one type of disaster—pandemics—have been underexplored in this regard. The purpose of this study was to better understand these effects, with specific attention to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on US immigrants and their social networks.

Design:

Forty-five US immigrants (aged 18 and above) participated across eight online focus groups during spring 2020. Using “criterion of inclusion” sampling, participants were recruited via gatekeeper and snowball sampling methods. Anonymity was maintained throughout all online focus group sessions. Discussions were transcribed and then categorized into …

Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Illinois Lung Cancer Incidence, Mortality Stage At Diagnosis, Surgical Treatment, And Screening, Ritika Golechha, Mickyas Hezekiel Eskender, David D. Odell, Joe Feinglass

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

This study analyzes the extent of racial and ethnic disparities in lung cancer in Illinois as compared to national trends. Cancer registry data were used to compare lung cancer incidence, mortality and stage at diagnosis rates for non-Hispanic (NH) white, NH Black and Hispanic Illinois residents. Hospital discharge data were used to compare medical and surgical admission and screening rates. Smoking across race and ethnic groups was compared using data from the Illinois Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to determine the extent to which disparities might be related to smoking prevalence. Rate ratios for NH Black and Hispanics compared to …

Disparities In Access To After-Hours Care In The U.S.: A National Study, Kavita Mosalpuria, Fernando A. Wilson, Mohammad Siahpush

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

After-hours care provides timely access to continuity of care for chronic illnesses and episodic care for acute illness. Lack of timely access to primary care services is one of the main drivers of emergency department overuse. Our aim was to examine disparities in access to after-hours care based on race, income, geographic location, type of insurance, and health care setting. We used data from the 2010 Health Tracking Household Survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess disparities in access to after-hours care. We found disparities by type of insurance, geographic location, and type of health care setting. People with …

2021-04-04_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 183 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (132 Emergency Departments (ED), 51 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, and clinical impression) for fever or …

Dear Future Researcher: A Reflection On How Covid Has Most Impacted My College Life At Taylor University, Tesia Juraschek

Reflections, Poetry, Photos, and other Writings

A reflection on how COVID has most impacted my college life at Taylor University.

Validation Of Climate And Motivational Measures For Use In The Biology Laboratory Setting, Troy O. Wineinger, Mary D. Fry, E. Whitney G. Moore

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose of this study, grounded in the Achievement Goal Perspective Theory (AGPT) and a Caring framework, was to effectively adapt previously validated measures of caring, task-involving (CTI), and ego-involving (EI) climates for college exercise classes to the college biology laboratory setting. The items’ measurement quality was assessed over two studies. Students (N_Study1 = 249, female 73%; N_Study2 = 199, female 78%) enrolled in biology laboratory courses were invited to complete a survey during the last two weeks of their laboratory course. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed overall good fit; however, two EI items had low loadings, …

Downregulation Of Mmp1 Expression Mediates The Anti-Aging Activity Of Citrus Sinensis Peel Extract Nanoformulation In Uv Induced Photoaging In Mice, Maha Salama, October University For Modern Sciences & Arts, The British University In Egypt

Pharmacy

Aging of the skin is a complicated bioprocess that is affected by constant exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. The application of herbal-based anti-aging creams is still the best choice for treatment. In the present study, Citrus sinensis L. fruit peels ethanolic extract (CSPE) was formulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) anti-aging cream. Eight different formulations of CSEP-LNPs were prepared and optimized using 23 full factorial designs. In vivo antiaging effect of the best formula was tested in Swiss albino mice where photo-aging was induced by exposure to UV radiation. HPLC-QToF-MS/MS metabolic profiling of CSPE led to the identification of twenty-nine metabolites. CSPE …

Student Preferences Impact Outcome Of Flipped Classroom In Dental Education: Students Favoring Flipped Classroom Benefited More, Nan Xiao, Der Thor, Meixun S. Zheng

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Many reports in dental education showed that student learning improved with the flipped classroom method. However, there are few reports that describe how different subsets of students may benefit from the flipped classroom. In this study, we investigated how students’ preference for the flipped classroom impacted their learning outcome. We used a flipped classroom module on the physiology of the autonomic nervous system taught to year one Doctor of Dental Surgery students to test the hypothesis that students who favored the flipped classroom performed better on assessment quizzes. The module was composed of pre-class activity, out-of-class assignment, in-class discussion, and …

Maternal Pragmatic Language Difficulties In The Fmr1 Premutation And The Broad Autism Phenotype: Associations With Individual And Family Outcomes, Jessica Klusek, Angela John Thurman, Leonard Abbeduto

Faculty Publications

Broader phenotypes associated with genetic liability, including mild difficulties with pragmatic language skills, have been documented in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and mothers of children with fragile X syndrome (FXS). This study investigated the relationship between pragmatic difficulties and indicators of maternal well-being and family functioning. Pragmatic difficulty was associated with loneliness in mothers of children with ASD or FXS, and with depression, decreased life satisfaction, and poorer family relationship quality but only in mothers of children with FXS. Results suggest that subtle maternal pragmatic language difficulties are a risk factor that that may contribute to …

2021-04-03_Michigandaily_Covidmap, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Daily Michigan COVID-19 Update

The "WHERE WE STAND WITH COVID-19" map was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily at 3p.m., Monday - Saturday.

The State of Michigan is working around the clock to test and treat COVID-19 patients. Below is the most recent data healthcare experts across the state have compiled.

The image contained a map, indicating total cases by county, and also provides statistics on Total Confirmed Cases, Total COVID-19 Deaths, Daily Confirmed Cases, and Daily COVID-19 Deaths. There …

2021-04-03_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 183 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (132 Emergency Departments (ED), 51 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, and clinical impression) for fever or …

2021-04-03_Michiganoverview_Covidstats, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Cumulative Michigan COVID-19 Data

The COVID Overview page was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https:/www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/0,9753,7-406-98163-520743--,00.html.

The State of Michigan is working around the clock to test and treat COVID-19 patients. Below is the most recent data healthcare experts across the state have compiled. It is updated Monday - Saturday.
This report is provisional and subject to change. City of Detroit and Wayne County are reported separately. MDHHS began tracking probable cases April 5, 2020. FCI indicates federal correctional institute. MDOC indicates Michigan Department of Corrections. Diagnostic tests, including nucleic acid amplification/real-time polymerase chain reaction (NAAT/RT-PCR) and rapid virus antigen detection point of …

Reducing Patient Risk For Suicidal Behaviors With A Safety Bundle Of Best Practices With Non-Psychiatric Patients, Olayemi Akindele

Student Scholarly Projects

Practice Problem: Suicide is a public health condition that affects people globally. The increased suicidal behaviors of patients in a medical-surgical unit demanded an effective screening protocol to identify high-risk patients.

PICOT: In patients 18 years and older on a medical-surgical unit, does the implementation of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) tool and application of a Safety Bundle of Best Practices (SBBP) increase early identification of suicide risk with decreased patient self-harm behaviors, compared to the current standard practice of no assessment tool or safety bundle of best practices within 12 weeks?

Evidence: Ten studies served as evidence …

Improving Emergency Department Throughput: Using A Pull Method Of Patient Flow, Jeffrey Collins

Student Scholarly Projects

Practice Problem: Overcrowding in the emergency department (ED) has been shown to increase the length of hospital stay, adversely impact patient outcomes, and reduce patient satisfaction. Problems with overcrowding and throughput are often thought of as an ED-specific inefficiency; however, the issue is indicative of hospital-wide inefficiencies.

PICOT: The PICOT question that guided this project was “For ED patients admitted to the medical-surgical unit at an acute medical center, will the implementation of a pull model for patient flow, when compared to the current push model, reduce admission delay and length of stay (LOS) within six weeks of implementation?

Evidence: …

Age And Sex Are Associated With The Plasma Lipidome: Findings From The Goldn Study, Emily Slade, Marguerite R. Irvin, Kevin Xie, Donna K. Arnett, Steven A. Claas, Tobias Kind, David W. Fardo, Gregory A. Graf

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

Background
Developing an understanding of the biochemistry of aging in both sexes is critical for managing disease throughout the lifespan. Lipidomic associations with age and sex have been reported, but prior studies are limited by measurements in serum rather than plasma or by participants taking lipid-lowering medications.

Methods
Our study included lipidomic data from 980 participants aged 18–87 years old from the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN). Participants were off lipid-lowering medications for at least 4 weeks, and signal intensities of 413 known lipid species were measured in plasma. We examined linear age and sex associations with …

Narrative Medicine In Ophthalmology, Martina Rama

inSIGHT

While technological and medical advancements have made it possible to diagnose and treat previously deadly conditions, modern day medicine comes with a new set of challenges around the doctor-patient relationship. Scientifically competent medicine cannot always help patients cope emotionally with their health issues. For physicians, understanding patients’ experience with illness in order to comfort and accompany them through their challenges is just as important as meeting their physical health needs. Dr. Rita Charon, the founder of narrative medicine, highlights how physicians today sometimes lack the ability to connect with, empathize with, and support their patients through difficult diagnoses.¹ When …

An Inside Look: Oculoplastics And “Droopy Eyelids”, Payton Boere

inSIGHT

In writing this article, I had the pleasure of speaking with Dr. Alison Watson, an oculoplastic attending surgeon at Wills Eye Hospital, all about this exciting and innovative specialty. During our discussion, she said that one of the things she loves most about this field is its diversity, including the range of procedures she gets to perform and patients she is able to treat. While there are procedures common to all oculoplastic surgeons, such as cosmetic and functional eyelid surgery to address both upper and lower eyelid malposition, reconstruction following periocular cancer resection, along with nasolacrimal surgery, Dr. Watson explained …

The Present And Future Of Artificial Intelligence In Ophthalmology, Robert Abishek, Elliot Cherkas

inSIGHT

Dr. Ravi Goel is a comprehensive ophthalmologist and cataract surgeon at Wills Eye Hospital, with a specific interest in finding ways that AI can help ophthalmologists improve their clinical care and treat more patients. Dr. Goel also publishes a daily blog, Protecting Sight, where he discusses a variety of topics ranging from advances in cataract surgery to medical education. One common thread throughout his blog is the burgeoning impact of AI on the field of ophthalmology, such as the utility of deep learning algorithms for diagnosing various diseases and the impact that improved intra-ocular lens (IOL) power calculations will have …

Off Label Innovation: Discovering New Uses For Glaucoma Drops, Glenn Oh

inSIGHT

Dr. Jason Hsu and his team (Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston, Boston, Massachusetts; Retinal Consultants of Houston, Houston, Texas; Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital and Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Associated Retinal Consultants, Royal Oak, Michigan) performed a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial in which patients with nAMD who were suboptimal responders despite frequent anti-VEGF injections were randomized to use either dorzolamide-timolol drops or artificial tears.16 Eligible patients were 45 years or older with nAMD who were receiving ranibizumab or aflibercept injections at 4 - 6 week intervals (i.e., at least four injections within six months prior to enrollment) and …

A Career Of Honor And Humility: Interview With A Pioneer In Ophthalmology, Eli Cehelyk

inSIGHT

Imagine being a first-time parent in your early 30s, and you have just learned that your three-month old infant has retinoblastoma. Thanksgiving is right around the corner and you have no idea what the future holds. How would you feel? What thoughts would be racing through your head? With both hope and anxiety, you make an appointment at Wills Eye to see Dr. Carol Shields, a world-renowned expert on ocular oncology. With confidence and compassion, she walks into the room with her entire team and says, “Don’t worry, we will get everything under control for you. We will take your …

An Experience In The Wills Academic Global Ophthalmology Fellowship And Beyond, Crystal Lee, Mph

inSIGHT

Even before medical school, Dr. John Anhalt knew he wanted to serve communities all over the globe—after college, he joined the Peace Corps for two years, teaching math and science in the Kingdom of Lesotho. After seeing the vast differences between the health care in Lesotho and in the United States, Dr. Anhalt was inspired to apply to medical school with the intention of pursing a specialty in infectious disease before launching a career in global medicine. It was not until his ophthalmology rotation in University of Texas San Antonio, that he realized that ophthalmology, with its mix of medical …

Insight, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2021

inSIGHT

Contents

10 - An Experience in the Wills Academic Global Ophthalmology Fellowship and Beyond
By Crystal Lee

14 - A Career of Honor and Humility: Interview with a Pioneer in Ophthalmology
By Eli Cehelyk

19 - Off Label Innovation: Discovering New Uses for Glaucoma Drops
By Glenn Oh

22 - The Present and Future of Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology
By Robert Abishek & Elliot Cherkas

26 - An Inside Look: Oculoplastics and “Droopy Eyelids”
By Payton Boere

31 - Narrative Medicine in Ophthalmology
By Martina Rama

Brachial Plexus Injury In 16 Year Old Football/Soccer Player, Becca Goldman

Graduate Research Showcase

Background: This subject of this case is a 16-year-old football offensive tackle/defensive end and soccer player. The subject is undersized for his position, weighing in at about 190 pounds. The injury occurred during the football season but was not reported to the athletic trainer until after the football season was over. The actual moment the injury occurred is unknown. During a weight training day after the end of the season the subject complained to the athletic trainer that he was unable to bench press because of pain in his right shoulder. Upon further examination, the athletic trainer discovered significant atrophy …