Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Automated Peak Detection Method For Behavioral Event Identification Detecting Balaenoptera Musculus And Grampus Griseus Feeding Attempts, David A. Sweeney, Stacy L. Deruiter, Ye Joo Mcnamara-Oh, Tiago A. Marques

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

The desire of animal behaviorists for more flexible methods of conducting inter-study and inter-specific comparisons and meta-analysis of various animal behaviors compelled us to design an automated, animal behavior peak detection method that is potentially generalizable to a wide variety of data types, animals, and behaviors. We detected the times of feeding attempts by 12 Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) and 36 blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) using the norm-jerk (rate of change of acceleration) time series. The automated peak detection algorithm identified median true-positive rates of 0.881 for blue whale lunges and 0.410 for Risso's dolphin prey capture attempts, with median …

A Retrospective Study Of The Opioid Epidemic And Fentanyl Related Overdose Fatality Cases In A Florida West Coast Medical Examiner District Population, Anne Terese Powell

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Opioids are scheduled by the propensity for misuse and abuse with a high rate of dependency and risk of fatal overdose. Opioids can be divided into different classes, including, natural, synthetic, and semi-synthetic. Opiates are naturally occurring and come directly from the opium poppy plant; whereas the semi synthetics opioids are chemical modifications of the poppy plant. Synthetic opioids attach to the opioid receptor but contain no part of the poppy plant. The increased variety and frequency in opioid prescriptions contributed to an opioid epidemic in the United States which is still on going.

According to the CDC, the opioid …

Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Cyst (Ooc): Clinicopathological And Radiological Features Of A Series Of 10 Cases, Nasir Ud Din, Maha Zubair, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Zia Ullah Khan, Zubair Ahmad

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background: Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Cyst (OOC) is a rare, developmental odontogenic cyst which was considered in the past to be a variant of Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) later renamed as keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT). The treatment of OOC is by enucleation and the prognosis, following enucleation is excellent with a recurrence rate of less than 2%. On the other hand, OKC has a recurrence rate between 8 and 25% after enucleation. Thus it is important to differentiate between the two entities.
Methods: All cases reported in our section as OOC during the period 2013 to 2018 were retrieved from the surgical pathology …

The Validity Of Medicare Claims-Based Codes To Identify Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection In Patients With Bronchiectasis, Jennifer Ku

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a disease of increasing incidence, causing permanent airway damage leading to destructive pulmonary disease. Medicare claims-based codes have been used to identify NTM infection and to evaluate trends in diagnosis and disease outcomes. However, claims-based codes to identify NTM infection have not been validated.

Methods: We linked patients with a bronchiectasis diagnosis (ICD-9-CM 494.0 or 494.1) excluding cystic fibrosis from the national 2006-2014 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (Medicare) data to the U.S. Bronchiectasis Research Registry (BRR). The BRR is a national prospective cohort of patients with bronchiectasis, that collects detailed clinical, laboratory, microbiology and …

Dohad And The Latina Paradox, Chelsea Peterson, Kellie Pertl, Lulu Gonzalez, Molly Sax

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

The Latina Paradox is the observation that Latina mothers in the United States have better than expected birth outcomes despite lower socioeconomic status and higher prevalence of risk factors. The Latina Paradox is particularly prominent among women born in Mexico that immigrate to the U.S. prior to having children. Mexican-born women who give birth in the U. S. experience fewer incidences of low birth weight than White women born in the U. S. Various factors are responsible for the Latina Paradox, including social and cultural support in maternity, traditional diet, and immigration of healthier than average women to the U.S. …

Heart Transplant: Donation After Circulatory Death, Saifullah Hasan, Castigliano Bhamidipati

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) is a potential avenue to narrow the gap between demand for donor hearts and their limited supply. DCD was abandoned after 1970 where donation of organs after brain death became the standard, however DCD has made a recent resurgence for organ donation, predominantly for lung transplants which has shown much success. Heart transplant donors primarily source from brain dead donors. Benefits of DCD for heart transplants include an expanded donor pool to address the drastic shortage of supply and reduced onerous financial burden. Drawbacks of heart DCD include substantial ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and inflammation …

Ex Vivo Heart Perfusion, Saifullah Hasan, Castigliano Bhamidipati

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Heart transplantation offers the best prognostic results for patients with end stage heart failure. However, there is a much greater demand for donor hearts than there is adequate supply. Cold static storage (CSS) is the current standard protocol for donor heart procurement. CSS has excellent prognosis but subjects the organ to ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) and induces tissue inflammation due to anoxic conditions and oxidative stress. Hearts from older donors or patients that have a history of previous heart disease can’t withstand the anoxic stressors and make for poor donor candidates with the CSS protocol since they are associated with …

Comparison Of Administratively Collected (Icd-10) Vs. Prospectively Collected Adverse Event Data, Joseph G. O'Sullivan

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Background: Accurate adverse event reporting is vital for analyzing outcomes and implementing the proper systemic efforts to improve them. Complication reporting and tracking has implications in medical practice, billing, and ultimately patient safety.

Objectives: To determine accuracy of complications reported in administrative data compared to prospectively obtained data.

Methods: A total of 1,213 patients undergoing spine surgery were followed over a two-year period (January 2011 to December 2012) sampled at a single institution. All patients undergoing spine surgery were eligible for inclusion in the study. Prospective data collection of adverse events was accomplished using OrthoSAVES, a standardized …

Quantifying The Invisible: A Literature Review And History Of Research On The Health Effects Of Wildfire Smoke, Lily A. Cook Ma

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

The objective of this scoping review is to provide an overview of issues affecting the results of studies on the health effects of non-occupational wildfire exposure. Although it is well established that wildfire smoke is harmful to people with chronic respiratory conditions, research on other health impacts have often found inconsistent results or small effect sizes. These results are often misinterpreted to mean that wildfire smoke has a negligible effect on non-respiratory outcomes such as cardiovascular health or mortality. However, what these results actually reflect is the complexity of determining public exposure to wildfire smoke, as well as variations in …

A Data Collection Program For Reducing Ipv In Lgbtq+ Communities, Alexandra Michel, Nicholas Cheke, Lourdes Gonzalez, Rachel Greim

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Sexual and gender minority populations are not currently being accurately tracked or counted in most domestic violence (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) surveillance programs in Oregon. However, research indicates that LGBTQ+ populations experience IPV at rates comparable or even higher than heterosexual populations. Additionally, distrust of law enforcement and services designed around heterosexual experiences of IPV further reduce the ability of LGBTQ+ populations, particularly transgender women, to access IPV services. We propose that through the use of a PRECEED-PROCEED model, a program could be developed to more accurately collect sexual orientation and gender identity data by IPV service providers …

A New Method For Assessing Smoking Behavior In Orthopaedic Patients, David Gallacher

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

“A New Method for Assessing Smoking Behavior in Orthopaedic Patients”

Background:Tobacco use is associated with post-operative complications and self-reporting often introduces a bias that underestimates the true exposure. Traditional tobacco testing methods, including serum cotinine are associated with issues of specificity, as they do not differentiate active smokers from those on nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs). This study intends to evaluate the effectiveness of point-of-care carbon monoxide (CO) breathalyzer test to assess patient smoking status and to differentiate active smokers from those using NRTs.

Methods:Eligible patients will be >18 years old and indicated for joint or fracture surgery at …

Take Control: A Proposed Mental Health Treatment Program To Be Implemented In Youth Correctional Facilities Around Oregon Based On The Evidence-Based Target Program, Zoey S. Rochefort

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

70% of youth in state and local juvenile justice systems exhibit symptoms of one or more mental health disorders and are not receiving adequate treatment. Currently, in Oregon, there is no mental health-screening requirement for youth admitted into detention centers or correctional facilities. Though this doesn’t mean kids never get diagnosed, it does mean there is a large delay in time before treatment begins where they could be receiving care. The Take Control program is working to mitigate wasted time and improve mental health treatment for youth inmates through a seven-step treatment program that provides youth with steps and strategies …

Validity Of An Atopic Dermatitis Outcome Measure For Real-World Clinical Practice, Christina Topham, Dylan Haynes, Molly Brazil, Eric Simpson

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in the United States. AD is associated with reduced quality of life and substantial financial costs, making it burdensome at an individual and population level. Disease severity outcome measures are validated tools to assess severity and therapeutic response. Recent consensus statements have identified gold-standard outcome measures for AD in clinical trials, but further work is needed evaluating outcome measures feasible for clinical practice.

Objective: To investigate the validity and feasibility of the product of investigator global assessment and body surface area (IGA x BSA) as an outcome measure …

Improving Access To Rare Disease Clinical Trials Through Telemedicine, Dylan Haynes, Christina Topham, Teri Greiling

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Introduction: Rare diseases affect nearly 400 million individuals worldwide. The geographic density of any single disease, however, can prohibit access to care and research efforts. Telemedicine has improved access barriers in the clinical setting, though its application in rare disease trials has not been evaluated.

Objective: To assess the impact on access to care of videoconferencing in a rare disease clinical trial.

Materials and Methods: Preliminary analysis was performed on the first five participants to complete our ongoing trial (NCT03485976) evaluating the efficacy of ixekizumab for the treatment of pityriasis rubra pilaris. Participants were required to travel to Oregon Health …

A Visual Exploration Of Walking In Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (Mtbi), Bryana Popa

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Visual exploration of the environment is vital for safe and effective walking, and is influenced by cognitive load. Eye movement deficits can occur following mTBI and may impact visual exploration when walking, leading to issues with mobility. This study aims to examine visual exploration when walking under single and dual-task in mTBI and controls.

Sixteen people with mTBI (Age: 30.1±12.8 yrs, days since injury: 39.5±21.7) and 10 healthy controls (Age: 26.3±5.2 yrs) walked for 1 minute while wearing a mobile eye tracker under single and dual-task conditions. The primary outcome was visual exploration measured by saccade frequency (sacc/sec). Secondary outcomes …

Study Of Physical Literacy And Physical Fitness In School Children, Natalie T. Pexton

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Background: Currently there is no standard physical education (P.E.) assessment for tracking students’ progress across the state. As a result, there is little data on the physical literacy and physical fitness of school children which are essential to lifelong physical activity.

Physical Literacy is the confidence, knowledge, and ability to execute fundamental movement skills like hopping, throwing, and kicking.

Cardiorespiratory fitness is a measure of the stamina and capacity to perform aerobic exercise.

Objective: To test the “PlayFun” physical literacy and “Pacer” cardiorespiratory fitness tests with Portland Public School students.

Methods:

Setting: Two Portland Public School district elementary …

Preventing Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis In Salmonid Fish Along The Columbia River Basin, Whitney L. Wright

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a member of the Rhabdoviridae family and causes infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) disease in many salmonid species during the juvenile or “fry” stage of life. IHNV is endemic to Western North America and occurs in the Columbia River Basin, where Steelhead and Chinook salmon are the most abundant IHNV-vulnerable species. IHNV can cause an epidemic in wild or farmed stocks, killing 90-95 percent of the fish it infects. Transmission is currently understood to occur by direct exposure through the gills, and the virus is shed typically from asymptomatic or clinically ill carrier adults at …

Bmp Regulation Of Cyst Stem Cell Division In The Drosophila Testis Stem Cell Niche, Mohamoud Ahmed

Ursidae: The Undergraduate Research Journal at the University of Northern Colorado

Adult stem cells are found throughout the body and divide to replace dead cells or regenerate damaged tissues. We study the Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) testis as a model to investigate how adult stem cells are maintained by the intricate microenvironments in which they live, called stem cell niches. Many basic characteristics of adult stem cells in higher organisms were first discovered in the simple stem cell niches found in Drosophila. The testis niche is comprised of two distinct stem cells called germline stem cells (GSCs) and cyst stem cells (CySCs). This niche also contains a structure called the hub …

The Effect Of Teenagers' Sleeping Deprivation On Cognition/Academic Outcome And Obesity, Dongyub Back

Annual Graduate Student Symposium

Sleeping disorder, deprivation, and deficient are common public health problem. Nearly 70 million American have chronic sleep disorders(Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency. 2019). Sleep deprivation is well known as a significant cause which increases the risk of a mental and physical health problem such as poor self-esteem, memory loss, obesity, and diabetes. This literature research focused on the sleeping deprivation of deficient of students. Also, trying to find the relation between sleeping derivation and students' health, education, and well-being will be reviewed by previous research. To reveal the impact of sleeping deprivation and deficient, this research will provide the conclusion and …

Evaluation Of Ventilation Assistance For Improving Respiratory Reproducibility In Radiation Therapy, Cameron J. Sprowls

LSU Master's Theses

Background: Respiratory motion affects all tumor sites in the thorax and abdomen. Variations of the respiratory pattern cause variations of the tumor motion which can result in differences between the planned and delivered dose distributions. Previous breathing guidance techniques have been investigated to improve respiratory reproducibility; however, ventilation assistance has not been investigated. We evaluated using bi-level positive airway pressure (BIPAP) ventilation assistance for improving respiratory reproducibility in patients with tumor sites impacted by respiratory motion.

Methods: Written informed consent was obtained for 10 patients currently undergoing radiation therapy treatment. Patients participated in sessions over their course of treatment, which …

Assessing The Criteria For Definition Of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects In Light Of The Search For Consensus, Justin T. Tretter, Vi-Hue Tran, Seth Gray, Hieu Ta, Rohit S. Loomba, William O'Connor, Diane E. Spicer, Andrew C. Cook, Robert H. Anderson

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Discussions continue as to whether ventricular septal defects are best categorized according to their right ventricular geography or their borders. This is especially true when considering the perimembranous defect. Our aim, therefore, was to establish the phenotypic feature of the perimembranous defect, and to establish the ease of distinguishing its geographical variants.

Methods and results: We assessed unrepaired isolated perimembranous ventricular defects from six historic archives, subcategorizing them using the ICD-11 coding system. We identified 365 defects, of which 94 (26%) were deemed to open centrally, 168 (46%) to open to the outlet, and 84 (23%) to the inlet …

Developing Occupational Identity In Refugee Youth, Anna Katherine Fish

Undergraduate Research and Scholarship Symposium

This research discusses the challenges that youth that are refuges face adjusting to the United States, as well as the benefit of providing health and educational activities, which can support these youth to overcome these challenges. Health and educational activities establish an enriching environment for youth who are refugees by providing academic support and fun and creative activities. Health and educational activities work on skills such as self-identity, love and teamwork that are important for the development of key occupational roles of youth including being a friend, a family member and a student. This research highlights the experiences of ten …

Fluoride Removal From Water Using A 3d Printed Calcium Carbonate Filter, Sophia Bakar, David Kahler, Benjamin S. Goldschmidt

Undergraduate Research and Scholarship Symposium

Groundwater containing high concentrations of fluoride is the most common source of drinking water in rural areas in parts of east Africa, India, and China. The elevated levels of fluoride cause skeletal and dental fluorosis, which is the weakening and decay of bone structures due to the leeching of calcium from the body as calcium and fluoride bond by the process of adsorption. Over 150 million people are suffering from some form of fluorosis due to the consumption of groundwater. Calcium carbonate has been demonstrated to influence fluoride removal in several forms. To make fluoride removal a cost-effective and user-friendly …

Quantifying Iron Overload Using Mri, Active Contours, And Convolutional Neural Networks, Andrea Sajewski, Stacey Levine

Undergraduate Research and Scholarship Symposium

Iron overload, a complication of repeated blood transfusions, can cause tissue damage and organ failure. The body has no regulatory mechanism to excrete excess iron, so iron overload must be closely monitored to guide therapy and measure treatment response. The concentration of iron in the liver is a reliable marker for total body iron content and is now measured noninvasively with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI produces a diagnostic image by measuring the signals emitted from the body in the presence of a constant magnetic field and radiofrequency pulses. At each pixel, the signal decay constant, T2*, can be calculated, …

Improving Physician Office Quality Measures By Evaluating Statin Prescribing In Type 2 Diabetic Patients, Choniece Phillips, Kathleen Dawson, Lindsay Roberts, Jamie Mcconaha, Megan Bookser

Undergraduate Research and Scholarship Symposium

Abstract

Objective

The focus of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist’ intervention on quality metrics focusing on patients with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type II (T2DM) not currently prescribed statin therapy.

Methods

This retrospective cohort investigational study was conducted in four lowest performing office locations of a nineteen regional primary care physician group practice. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of T2DM without active statin therapy. Data was excluded from analysis for patients younger than age 40 or older than age 75, or if the most recent LDL documented was less than 70 mg/dL. Recommendations for initiation of …

The Effect Of A Didactic Educational Program With Practical Application On Nursing Knowledge And Empowerment In Antibiotic Stewardship, Eleanor Fitzpatrick, Rn, Msn, Ag-Cns, Acnp, Ccrn

College of Nursing Posters

• Antimicrobial use is a crucial element of patient care but their overuse and misuse have detrimental effects including the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
• Nurse empowerment and engagement has resulted in improvements in many quality initiatives including enhanced patient safety in the areas of Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) and pressure injuries (Carter, 2016).
• Enhancing nurse empowerment in AS may be effective in reducing antibiotic misuse.
• The purpose of this study is to implement an educational program engaging nurses in AS activities and determining the effect of this educational intervention on the knowledge …

A Curious Critic's Guide On Writing A Five-Star Student Evaluation: Five Lessons Learned From Food Blogging., Xiao Chi Zhang, Meryl Abrams, Dimitrios Papanagnou

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

Timely feedback is critical in promoting learner self-reflection. When provided effectively, feedback can assist learners with the acquisition of new skills and knowledge in the ever-changing and complex landscape of healthcare. While the literature is replete on methods to provide feedback, faculty and supervisors receive little, if any, training on writing constructive feedback. Abbreviated comments (i.e., 'good job' or 'read more') provide little information on specific behaviors learners can change. As an avid food enthusiast and restaurant reviewer, I, too, am met with the challenge of writing a meaningful, constructive review (or evaluation) of a dining experience. To better assist …

Psychometric Development Of The Patient Engagement In Prenatal Care Scale, Phyllis M. Dyess-Nugent

Nursing Theses and Dissertations

The value of prenatal care in improving maternal and neonatal outcomes has been evident in research for many years, and yet in the U.S. where prenatal care is widely accessible to women, maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality remain higher than many developing countries (CDC, 2019). Attributes of prenatal care have been studied, such as the number of visits and timing of entry into care. Additional aspects of prenatal care deserve exploration in order to make improvements in this established, valuable intervention. A woman’s engagement in her care during pregnancy has not been previously measured. The focus of this dissertation …

Incorporating Pathway Information Into Feature Selection Towards Better Performed Gene Signatures, Suyan Tian, Chi Wang, Bing Wang

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

To analyze gene expression data with sophisticated grouping structures and to extract hidden patterns from such data, feature selection is of critical importance. It is well known that genes do not function in isolation but rather work together within various metabolic, regulatory, and signaling pathways. If the biological knowledge contained within these pathways is taken into account, the resulting method is a pathway-based algorithm. Studies have demonstrated that a pathway-based method usually outperforms its gene-based counterpart in which no biological knowledge is considered. In this article, a pathway-based feature selection is firstly divided into three major categories, namely, pathway-level selection, …

Impact Of Medicaid Coverage Expansion Under The Affordable Care Act On Mammography And Pap Tests Utilization Among Low-Income Women, Abeer G. Alharbi, M. Mahmud Khan, Ronnie Horner, Heather M. Brandt, Cole Garrett Chapman

Faculty Publications

Introduction The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded the coverage of Medicaid to include entire population with income below 138% of federal poverty line. It remains unclear whether this policy change has improved access to and utilization of health care, particularly use of mammography and Pap tests among poor women.

Methods We used a difference-in-difference (DID) design to estimate the impact of Medicaid expansion on mammography and Pap tests utilization among low-income women. Expansion states are the treatment group and non-expansion states are the control group. The years 2012–13 are the pre-expansion period and 2015–16 are the post-expansion period for the …