Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Spatial Distribution Of Tuberculosis And Its Association With Meteorological Factors In Mainland China, Yingjie Zhang, Mengyang Liu, Samuel S. Wu, Hui Jiang, Junjie Zhang, Songwang Wang, Wei Ma, Qihuan Li, Yuan Ma, Yue Liu, Wei Feng, Endawoke Amsalu, Xia Li, Wei Wang, Weimin Li, Xiuhua Guo

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

BACKGROUND: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) remains high worldwide. Current strategies will not eradicate TB by 2035; instead, by 2182 is more likely. Therefore, it is urgent that new risk factors be identified.

METHODS: An ecological study was conducted in 340 prefectures in China from 2005 to 2015. The spatial distribution of TB incidence was shown by clustering and hotspot analysis. The relationship between the distribution patterns and six meteorological factors was evaluated by the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model.

RESULTS: During the 11 years of the study period, TB incidence was persistently low in the east and high in …

Addressing Diversity In Mindfulness Research On Health: A Narrative Review Using The Addressing Framework, Gabrielle Chin, Vanessa Anyanso, Jeffrey Greeson

Cooper Rowan Medical Journal

ABSTRACT

Objective: Despite burgeoning popularity of mindfulness and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in medicine, it remains unclear to what extent scientific evidence reflects diverse populations, including the medically underserved. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the current state of inclusion and diversity in mindfulness research focused on physical and mental health through Pamela Hays’ ADDRESSING Framework.

Methods: Authors searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases through September 2018. Articles were included if they were English, peer-reviewed articles detailing findings from a quantitative study on health-related outcomes. Review articles, letters to the editor, and qualitative studies were excluded.

Results: …

Impact Of The Affordable Care Act On The Cooper Women’S Care Center, Amanda Malik, Natali Franzblau

Cooper Rowan Medical Journal

Background: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) increased access to women’s health care by expanding Medicaid eligibility and requiring that insurance plans cover many gynecologic preventive services at no cost to patients. Before implementation of the ACA, pregnant women with low incomes qualified for Medicaid but childless adults of the same income did not, and though prenatal obstetrical visits were covered by plans at no or low cost to patients, most gynecologic services required out of pocket payments.

Objective: This study aimed to identify changes in the types of visits (gynecologic or obstetric) and patient demographics (including age, race, …

The Santa Clara, 2019-05-02, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

Simulation Enhances Soft Skills Among Inter-Professionals Participating In An International Service-Learning Experience To A Resource-Limited Country, Suzanne Trotter, Sharon Dunnivan-Mitchell

Physical Therapy Collection

Introduction: Soft skills are the hallmark of a master healthcare provider. One of the most effective ways to teach soft skills to healthcare providers is through service-learning. Evidence suggests that adding simulation as part of a service-learning team’s pre-departure training (PDT) will better prepare them to resolve ethical and cultural dilemmas often encountered in resource-limited countries, plus facilitate soft skills. We hypothesized that simulation could improve soft skills of physical and occupational therapy students and clinicians providing rehabilitation services on a one-week service-learning experience in Guatemala.

Methods: A convenience sample of 21 physical and occupational therapy students and …

Subjective Differences Between Premium And Mid-Level Digital Hearing Aids, Dakota Sharp

Dissertations, 2014-2019

This study compared perceptual differences between premium and mid-level hearing aids from a major manufacturer in normal hearing listeners. Limited literature currently exists comparing perceptual differences between premium and mid-level digital hearing aids. This information is highly important in decision-making for clinicians and patients alike. Barry et al. (2018) evaluated four major hearing aid models’ noise reduction properties and determined that one manufacturer’s premium and mid-level devices demonstrated significant differences in noise reduction gain in frequencies associated with human speech. We programmed this device for a mild sloping to moderately-severe SNHL using the manufacturer’s proprietary fitting formula and noise reduction …

Music And Speech Perception In Children Using Sung Speech: Effects Of Neurocognitive Factors, Victoria A. André

Dissertations, 2014-2019

The current study aimed to explore normal-hearing children's ability to utilize pitch and timbre cues and how these findings correlate with neurocognitive factors. Participants were recruited if they had English as their first language and no formal musical training or 3+ years of formal musical training. Twenty normal-hearing children, age 7.5-14.5 years (mean = 10.5; n=20) were recruited for the study. Nonverbal intelligence, receptive vocabulary, and auditory working memory were assessed using subtests of the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-4, and Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing-2, respectively. Raw scores were used to analyze these neurocognitive abilities in …

Audiologists’ Preferences In Programming Cochlear Implants, Leanne Browning

Dissertations, 2014-2019

Cochlear implants have become a viable option for those with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss who gain little benefit from hearing aids and have poor word recognition ability. However, the techniques audiologists use to program these devices are not standardized (Sorkin, 2013). There is little data available which analyzes how audiologists handle clinical cochlear implant programming between the top manufacturers. These companies supply default settings in their products but is it unknown how often audiologists use these in practice in the United States.

In the present study, a questionnaire based on previous European data from Vaerenberg et al. (2014) …

Voice Quality As A Predictor Of Dysphagia, Lindsay Griffin

Dissertations, 2014-2019

The clinical swallowing evaluation (CSE) is a non-instrumental exam that informs speech-language pathologists about a patient’s cognition, readiness for instrumental evaluation, and swallowing symptoms. Because of the common neuroanatomy and physiology of the larynx during voicing and swallowing tasks, coughing or throat clearing after food and drink may indicate swallowing impairment. Also because of the shared mechanisms of the larynx, some clinicians also attribute voice changes after swallowing to dysphagia although many studies to date demonstrate conflicting results on the effectiveness of post-prandial voice assessment. The aim of this study was to assess if dysphonia and/or voice change after swallowing …

Effects Of A Carbohydrate Hydrogel Beverage On Endurance Cycling Performance And Gastrointestinal Comfort, Harrison R. Toney

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of a novel maltodextrin-fructose hydrogel (MF-H) on cycling performance and gastrointestinal distress symptoms. METHODS: Nine endurance-trained male cyclists completed three experimental trials consisting of a 98-min varied-intensity cycling protocol followed by a performance test of ten consecutive sprint intervals. In a cross-over design, subjects consumed 250 mL of a treatment beverage every 15 min of cycling. The treatments consisted of 78 g ^. hr^-1 of either a) MF-H, b) maltodextrin-fructose (MF), and c) maltodextrin only (MD) All data were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA’s. RESULTS: There were no differences in average sprint power …

Anti-Crispr Vs. Crispr: The Evolutionary Arms Race Between Microorganisms, Rachael M. St. Jacques

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

CRISPR arrays are a defense mechanism employed by bacteria against viral invaders. Cas proteins do the work in detecting, capturing, and integrating the viral DNA into the CRISPR array (Barrangou et al., 2007). Anti-CRISPR proteins are produced by phages, viruses that infect bacteria, to stop the bacterial host’s CRISPR-Cas complex from interrupting the phage life cycle (Bondy-Denomy, et al., 2015).

SEA-PHAGES is a course-based bacteriophage research network composed of 120 colleges and known at James Madison University as Viral Discovery. JMU uses the unsequenced Streptomyces griseus ATCC10137 as a host for bacteriophage discovery and propagation, and in this study we …

Does Acute Preprandial Exercise Modify Postprandial Inflammation After A High Fat Meal In Young And Older Adults?, William Wisseman

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

A single high-fat meal (HFM) can increase systemic inflammation (postprandial inflammation; PPI) and may be attenuated by recent exercise. However, the effect of preprandial exercise on PPI in older adults (OA) is not clear. Purpose: To determine if preprandial exercise attenuates PPI in YA and OA. Methods: 12 YA (23.3±3.9 years n= 5 M/7 F) and 12 OA (67.7±6 years, n= 8 M/4 F) completed two HFM challenges in a randomized order. During HFM alone, participants abstained from exercise 48 hours prior to the HFM session (except for the exercise session) and adhered to a 12 hour overnight …

Cardio-Metabolic Disease Risk Factors Among South Asian Labour Migrants To The Middle East: A Scoping Review And Policy Analysis, Shiva Raj Mishra, Saruna Ghimire, Chandni Joshi, Bishal Gyawali, Archana Shrestha, Dinesh Neupane, Sudesh Raj Sharma, Yashashwi Pokharel, Salim S. Virani

Office of the Provost

This paper aims to explore the burgeoning burden of cardiovascular and metabolic disease (CMD) risk factors among South Asian labor migrants to the Middle East. We conducted a qualitative synthesis of literature using PubMed/Medline and grey literature searches, supplemented by a policy review of policies from the South Asian countries. We found a high burden of cardio-metabolic risk factors among the migrants as well as among the populations in the home and the host countries. For example, two studies reported the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) ranging between 9 and 17% among South Asian migrants. Overweight and obesity were highly …

Refining Auscultation Of Left Ventricular Assist Devices: Insights From Phonocardiography, Faris Araj, Alpesh Amin, Julie Cox, Pradeep Mammen

The VAD Journal

No abstract provided.

Feasibility Of Electronic Stethoscope For En Route And Combat Casualty Care, Melissa A. Wilson, Brittany L. Fouts, Charles J. Harding, . Us Air Force School Of Aerospace Medicine, Aeromedical Research Department, Wright-Patterson Afb, Oh.

Nursing Faculty Publications

In the En Route and Combat Casualty Care environments, occupational stressors can complicate the ability to perform medical interventions which are often used in civilian ground healthcare facilities. Conventional stethoscopes are the primary diagnostic tool for patient assessment and triage, but during aeromedical transport, high noise limits the ability to auscultate patients to assess cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems for clinically relevant abnormalities. The ability to accurately identify these abnormalities using an essential diagnostic tool and medically intervene when necessary may reduce the number of preventable deaths from the battlefield and ultimately, improve patient outcomes. To address this gap, this …

An Evaluation Of The Impact Of Leading Pedestrian Interval Signals In Nyc, Jeremy J. Sze

Theses and Dissertations

I evaluated the impact of the phased introduction of Leading Pedestrian Interval Signals (LPIs) on collision and injury outcomes at 12,987 signalized traffic intersections in New York City over the course of 25 quarters from 2012 to 2018. An intersection is treated when a LPIs is installed to give pedestrians lead time to cross the street before vehicles are allowed to move. Outcomes from NYPD’s Motor Vehicle Collisions data were matched to signalized intersections. I hypothesize that LPIs would reduce collisions and reduce injuries for pedestrians at intersections. A difference in difference fixed effects panel regression was used to identify …

Intrusive Thoughts - Guitar, Voice, & String Quintet, Joseph M. Young

Theses and Dissertations

This four-movement song addresses mental health, specifically that of Obsession Compulsive Disorder and the symptom of intrusive thoughts that are often associated. From the point of view of an individual suffering from OCD, each movement describes the disorder and portrays different stages of dealing with and managing emotions and relationships.

Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Postpartum Depression Within One Year After Birth In Urban Slums Of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Rashidul Azad, Rukhshan Fahmi, Sadichhya Shrestha, Hemraj Joshi, Mehedi Hasan, Abdullah Nurus Salam Khan, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Shams El Arifeen, Sk Masum Billah

Faculty Publications

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious pubic health concern and known to have the adverse effects on mother’s perinatal wellbeing; and child’s physical and cognitive development. There were limited literatures on PPD in Bangladesh, especially in urban slum context. The aim of this study was to assess the burden and risk factors of PPD among the urban slum women. A cross-sectional study was conducted between November-December 2017 in three urban slums on 376 women within first 12 months of postpartum. A validated Bangla version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to measure the depression status. Respondent’s socio-economic characteristics and …

Yfmk Is A Novel Nε-Lysine Acetyltransferase That Directly Acetylates The Histone-Like Protein Hbsu In Bacillus Subtilis, Valerie J. Carabetta, Todd M. Greco, Ileana M. Cristea, David Dubnau

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Recently, N^e-lysine acetylation was realized to be a prevalent bacterial post-translational modification (PTM), contrary to the historical notion that this was a rare occurrence. Acetylation can impact protein function in multiple ways, by modifying conformation, interactions, subcellular localization or activity. In bacteria, hundreds of proteins are known to be acetylated, including those involved essential processes such as DNA replication, nucleoid organization, translation, cell shape, central carbon metabolism, and even several virulence factors. Despite the growing recognition that numerous proteins are acetylated, the biological significance of the vast majority of these modifications in any bacteria remains largely unknown. Previously, …

Referral Patterns, Procedures, And Outcomes Of A Large Community- Based Urology Group: A Retrospective Chart Review, Hassan A. Al Saleh, Gregory C. Mcmahon, Michael Douglas, Michael Console, Mihir Thaker, Gordon A. Brown

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

In 2012 The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against prostate cancer (Pca) screening. The purpose of our study is to assess the effects of the USPSTF grade D recommendation for PSA based screening on new PCa diagnoses within a large-community based private practice setting. We completed a retrospective chart review of men with an elevated PSA seen in our clinic between May 2009–May 2015 who had undergone a prostate biopsy and were diagnosed with PCa. We observed that following the 2012 USPSTF recommendations, there was a significant increase in patients with clinically significant prostate cancer GG ≥ …

Affective Disturbance In Mild Cognitive Impairment, Jason Greenhagen, Emily Matusz, Sheina Emrani, David Libon, Sherry Pomerantz

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an identifiable, prodromal stage of cognitive impairment and has been further defined into subtypes: amnestic, language, executive functioning, and multi domain/mixed MCI (Jak et al. 2009 ). The purpose of this study is to (1) examine the differences in depression, anxiety, and apathy between MCI subtypes; and (2) assess the relationship between the neurocognitive domains (executive functioning, language, and memory and affective symptoms. We hypothesize that apathy will be greater in dysexecutive/mixed MCI (dys/mixed MCI) and be more highly correlated to neurocognitive deficits compared to depression or anxiety. This is a retrospective study of 113 …

Using The Implicit Association Test To Investigate The Strength Of Synesthetic Associations, Margaret Martinez, Nicole Steiner, Simon Lacey, Lynne C. Nygaard, K. Sathian

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Synesthesia is a phenomenon in which experiences in one sensory or cognitive domain are associated with automatic, involuntary experiences in a second domain. The present study investigated the relationship between the consistency and strength of these associations in grapheme-color synesthesia, in which a specific color is experienced when seeing a particular letter or number. Firstly, synesthetic participants completed the online Synesthesia Battery (SB) which measures the consistency with which individuals choose the same color for the same grapheme and returns a standardized score which distinguishes genuine synesthetes from non-synesthetes. Secondly, synesthetes and age/gender-matched non-synesthetic control participants completed an Implicit Association …

Addressing Lapses In Medical Education In Relation To Lgbtqia+ Healthcare Disparities, Daniel Pinto, Aubrey Olson

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

As the LGBT community gains more visibility and acceptance, the individuals identifying as LGBTQIA+ have been increasing. Unfortunately for this community, healthcare disparities for LGBT individuals continue. In fact in a national online survey done with LGBTQIA+ physicians, 65% had heard discriminatory comments made towards LGBTQIA+ patients, and 34% witnessed discriminatory care given to LGBTQIA+ patients. (Bonvinci) Rose Chapman, a senior lecturer at Curtin University Nursing School, contributed this discomfort that medical professionals seem to have with LGBTQIA+ families with socioeconomic background such as religious beliefs or familiarity with the topic. (Chapman) Nevertheless, another study published by the Medical Journal …

Painful Proximal Oriented Large Heterotopic Spur Formation In An Active Adult Non-Traumatic Amputee, Jack Annunziato, Daniel Shor, Shailesh Parikh

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is excess bone growth in soft tissues, typically juxta-articular and interfascicular, with varying incidence. HO has been well documented in traumatic amputees but less frequently observed in the non-traumatic amputee population. Symptomatic HO usually includes pain during prosthetic use, with management involving prosthetic adjustments for comfort. This atypical case highlights a non-traumatic amputee developing proximal oriented large spur formation that was painful not with ambulation but with doffing of his prosthesis.

Arthroscopic Medial Meniscus Transplant Utilizing A Multi-Technique Fixation, Elizabeth Ford, Michael Defrance, Sean Mcmillan

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Arthroscopic medial meniscus transplantation can be a daunting procedure for even the most skilled surgeon. While all-inside suture fixation devices have improved, the ability to successfully perform this procedure via arthroscopy is reliant upon the surgeon's ability to utilize a variety of fixation techniques. Based upon the review of the literature, this paper is the first of it's kind describing the methodology and algorithm for completing an arthroscopic medial meniscus transplant using four techniques.

Times Of Action And Evolutionary Conservation Of Heterochronic Genes, Maria Ivanova, Eric G. Moss

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Specific genes called heterochronic genes control the timing and sequence of developmental events during larval stages of C. elegans. Mutations in heterochronic genes can cause skipping or reiteration of cell fates associated with certain larval stages. lin-14 and lin-28 are two well-studied heterochronic genes. LIN-14 acts during the first larval stage (L1) and controls events of the L1 and L2 stages, LIN-28 acts during the L2 stage and controls its events.

Atypical Presentation Of Stemi With Cardiac Tamponade Related To Malignancy, Matthew J. Johnson, Rohan Penmetcha

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Cardiac tamponade and myocardial infarction are rare as the initial presentation of a malignancy. Here, we describe a case with an atypical presentation of a myocardial infarction due to a thrombus in the right coronary artery occurring in the setting of a pericardial effusion causing tamponade physiology related to malignancy. We present this unique case of myocardial infarction and cardiac tamponade as this was not caused by a type-A aortic dissection. In conclusion, we suggest that malignancy be considered in the differential diagnosis when these findings present together.

Occult Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting As A Palpable Supraclavicular Virchow's Node, Luke Perry, Jandie Schwartz, Gus Slotman, Omar Al Ustwani, Nandini Kulkarni

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Occult papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare disease process in which there is evidence of metastatic kidney cancer, but no primary kidney tumor can be found on physical exam or imaging. The papillary subtype of RCC accounts for 10-15% of RCC’s. These lesions infrequently present as occult disease. A Virchow’s node can be positive for multiple cancer types, most notably gastric cancer, but also gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys, testicular, and prostate cancer. We describe a case of occult papillary renal cell carcinoma diagnosed by biopsy of a Virchow’s node.

Recurrent Renal Cell Carcinoma Post Radical Nephrectomy: A Case Report, Amarnath Polepalle, Neethi Dasu, Adam Freilich, Jayram Krishnan

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

This is a case of a 73-year-old Caucasian male presenting with an asymptomatic right adrenal mass.

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) constitutes 80 to 85% of primary renal neoplasms. At presentation, up to 25% of patients with RCC will have evidence of metastases or locally advanced disease. [1] Patients will rarely present with any symptoms since the majority of patients are incidentally diagnosed due to radiologic procedures performed for other indications. RCC is considered the most lethal of urologic cancers because a patient without intervention who has stage IV metastatic disease has a 5-year survival rate of 23% in comparison to …

The Interface Between Invasive Species And The Increased Incidence Of Tick-Borne Diseases, And The Implications For Federal Land Managers, Ed Clark, Janis Mcfarland, Blaine Parker, Slade Franklin

National Invasive Species Council

Includes information on the dynamics of tick-borne disease, factors affecting the occurrence and density of ticks, matrices of ties between habitat, human activities, invasive plants, and ticks, federal resources and programs related to ticks and vector-borne disease in the United States, with references and an annotated bibliography of literature on ticks, vector-borne diseases, and invasive species.