Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome And Hyperinsulinemia: Overview And Treatment, Amanda M. Meyer, Lauren D. Bajbus, Sarah E. Drake, Kristen M. Quertinmont, Ashley Overy, Anne Gentry

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a prevalent issue in women's health that is associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance and can lead to long-term health problems. The most highly recommended treatments are diet and lifestyle changes. If these changes alone are not enough, pharmacologic treatments may be employed which include metformin, spironolactone or thiazolidinediones, although more research is needed to fully realize their role. The role of the pharmacist in this disease state includes counseling patients on healthy lifestyle changes, consulting with the physician about prescribing the best medication for each patient, and monitoring therapy adherence in the patient.

Role Of Non-Nutritive Sweeteners In Obesity And Diabetes, Erica Schoenberger, Ellen Hazelet, Kaitlin Sanders, Lindsey Hallman, David Bright, Amy Stockert

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Artificial sweeteners have become a central component of the Western diet in order to facilitate weight loss and enhance glucose control. Despite their popularity, evidence supporting the benefits of artificial sweeteners remains contradictory; different trials have shown weight loss, weight gain or no change with artificial sweetener consumption. Multiple trials have correlated artificial sweetener usage, in the form of diet soda, with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome. Hypotheses speculate that individuals who consume larger loads of artificial sweeteners may be more likely to make unhealthy lifestyle choices, putting them at an increased risk for the development …

Management Of Hypertensive Emergencies In Pediatrics, Jennifer L. Bauer, Jamie L. Amero, Amanda C. Mcdavid, Ryan A. Fischer, Alison L. Huet, Karen L. Kier

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

As hypertension becomes more prevalent in the pediatric population, clinicians are more likely to encounter hypertensive emergencies in children, which require pharmacists and physicians to be educated on the therapeutic options for these emergencies. However, the strict governmental requirements on the testing of these drugs in pediatric patients have limited the amount of available evidence on which to base clinical decisions. This review will highlight the available evidence and preferred treatment options for the management of pediatric hypertensive emergencies.

Genetic Variations In A Cytochrome P450 Enzyme And The Effects On Clopidogrel Bioactivation And Metabolism, Maryanne Ventura, Lauren Desko, Kimberly Gathers, Ashley Overy, David Kisor

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Clopidogrel, the top prescribed antiplatelet medication for individuals who have experienced a myocardial infarction or cerebral vascular accident or who have peripheral arterial disease, is administered orally as a prodrug. It relies on hepatic metabolism through cytochrome P450 enzymes for conversion to its active form. Current research shows that allelic variation m the gene coding for CYP2C19 is the main factor contributing to the variability of response associated with clopidogrel treatment. Through the promotion of genetic testing for variability in the CYP2C19 gene and competently interpreting test results, pharmacists have the opportunity to use these findings to significantly impact clopidogrel …

Recent Advances Spark Significant Guideline Change: Antiretroviral Therapy (Art) At High Cd4+ Counts In The Treatment Naïve Patient, Joshua Ilenin, Kelly Fargo, Lisa Berni, Kristen Thatcher, Caitlin Swann, Andrew Roecker

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets CD4+ lymphocytes, a critical component to proper functioning of the human immune system. HIV is a significant public health concern, having resulted in over 27 million deaths since its discovery. Currently, several different treatment options exist, with combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the forefront. Despite the success of ART therapy, there are number of problems, including poor patient compliance. Due to this, the appropriate time to initiate therapy in the treatment naïve patient is under continuous scrutiny. Recently, several trials have demonstrated evidence suggesting that initiating ART at high CD4+ counts in the treatment naïve …

The Haunting Of Medical Literature, Brieann Miller, Tana Peterman

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Ghostwriting, or using the names of academic researchers to validate studies commissioned by pharmaceutical companies, has become a growing concern within medical literature. Omission from authorship of the names of individuals making considerable contributions to a paper is one of the most significant aspects of ghostwriting. Policy prohibiting medical ghostwriting is lacking, and it is nearly impossible to prevent the practice without strict and thorough guidelines. More strict guidelines banning ghostwriting, denying government funds to organizations without such policies, and development of databases to track offending authors and organizations could decrease the impact of ghostwriting in medical literature.

Osteopathy Comes To Kansas City: The National School And Infirmary, Robyn Oro

Notes from the Archives

No abstract provided.

Vocal Health Preservation For Teachers Of Music: A Literature Review, Lyndsay Byers, Lisa Vinney Phd Ccc-Slp, Kimberly Adelman Ms Ccc-Slp

Graduate Independent Studies - Communication Sciences and Disorders

This literature review explores research findings regarding risk factors of voice disorders for teachers of music. It summarizes current research regarding personal, environmental, and occupational practices teachers of music can implement to help preserve their voices. This document also reviews literature findings regarding when, where, and how music teachers can seek assistance for voice symptoms.

Introduction To Critical Thinking And Clinical Judgement Nur 205x, Joanna Burkhardt

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

Deworming Children For Soil-Transmitted Helminths In Low And Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review And Individual Participant Data Network Meta-Analysis, Vivian Andrea Welch, Alomgir Hossain, Elizabeth Ghogomu, Alison Riddle, Simon Cousens, Michelle Gaffey, Paul Arora, Robert Black, Donald Bundy, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Intestinal parasites affect millions of children globally. We aimed to assess effects of deworming children on nutritional and cognitive outcomes across potential effect modifiers using individual participant data (IPD). We searched multiple databases to 27 March 2018, grey literature, and other sources. We included randomised and quasi randomised trials of deworming compared to placebo or other nutritional interventions with data on baseline infection. We used a random-effects network meta-analysis with IPD and assessed overall quality, following a pre-specified protocol. We received IPD from 19 trials of STH deworming. Overall risk of bias was low. There were no statistically significant subgroup …

Differentiated Social Skills Curriculum For Aac Users, Braden Mccarty, Ann Beck, Tricia Larkin

Graduate Independent Studies - Communication Sciences and Disorders

Communication is a basic human right. Every day, people express their ideas, emotions, wants, and needs with various conversational partners. Once young children learn to talk, social communication instruction usually does not take place in a formal setting. Children often learn appropriate means of conducting themselves in a social situation through daily interactions, a skill that continues to develop as a person ages. For individuals that require an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device to express themselves, social communication can become a difficult task. AAC users are often individuals that have difficulty with expressive language, but there are some circumstances …

Creative Arts-Based Parents Training Program For Parents Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jung Eun Park

Expressive Therapies Dissertations

This study evaluated the impact of the Creative Arts-based Parents’ Training (CAPT) program. The 6-week long, creative arts therapy-based program and its impact on parental stress and sense of competence for parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) was examined. Korean Parenting Stress Index Short-Form (K-PSI-SF) and Korean-Parenting Efficacy Test (K-PET) were used as quantitative measurements. Qualitative data were also collected for the experimental group (n = 17) using questionnaires, art journaling, and a 30 min focus group interview. The control group (n = 15) only participated in quantitative measurements. There was no difference in age between …

Food Insecurity On Wmu’S Campus: Student Satisfaction Of The Invisible Need Project, Ava Daly

Honors Theses

Previous research suggests that food insecurity is higher among college students and individuals from minority populations than the general population. Many college campuses have recognized this issue and developed on-campus food pantries to mitigate food insecurity among students. Nevertheless, barriers exist that prevent students from utilizing on-campus pantries. The purpose of this study was to investigate college students’ relationship to food and food access at Western Michigan University (WMU). Student satisfaction of WMU’s on-campus food pantry, The Invisible Need Project, was also explored. Data were gathered through a 28-question online survey and one in-person focus group. Participants were undergraduate and …

Novel Bacterial Vaginosis-Associated Organisms Mediate The Relationship Between Vaginal Douching And Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Tamala Gondwe, Roberta Ness, Patricia A. Totten, Sabina Astete, Gong Tang, Melanie A. Gold, David Martin, Catherine L. Haggerty

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Objectives: We sought to determine whether the relationship between a history of vaginal douching and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is mediated by endometrial infection with one or more novel bacterial vaginosis (BV)-associated organisms among Atopobium vaginae, the BV-associated bacterium 1 (BVAB1), neathia (Leptotrichia) amnionii and Sneathia sanguinegens. Methods: We first conducted log-binomial regression analyses to identify risk factors for endometrial infection in 535 adolescent and adult women with clinically suspected PID in the PID Evaluation and Clinical Health (PEACH) study. We then examined whether endometrial infection by the BV-associated organisms mediated the association between a history of vaginal douching and …

Concurrent Discitis And A Spinal Epidural Abscess Following Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection Arising From An Unlikely Bacterial Species, Adlai Pappy Ii, Vinita Singh Md

Anesthesiology

No abstract provided.

Evolution Of Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment As Supported By Clinical Trials, Savya S. Shukla, Brian F. Baigorri Md, Roberto I. Fourzali Md, Yafell Serulle Md

Radiology

No abstract provided.

Single Versus Multi-Center Surgeons' Risk-Adjusted Mitral Valve Repair Procedural Outcomes, Anne Bennett, Thomas Bogue, Samuel Greenberg, Joshua Zhu, Samantha Novotny, Joseph Pizzuti, Lee A. Santore, Robert H. Habib, Annie Laurie Laurie Shroyer, Jonathan Price, Henry Tannous, Thomas Bilfinger

Department of Surgery Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study is to explore strategies to improve mitral valve repair (MVr) outcomes. This research explores postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing MVr surgery by single center surgeons versus patients of multicenter surgeons. Specific outcomes of interest include 30-day operative mortality, major operative complications (e.g., deep sternal wound infection, permanent stroke, renal dysfunction requiring dialysis, reoperation, and prolonged ventilation), length of stay, and 30-day readmissions.

In brief, the serisk-adjusted outcome rates for surgeons that perform mitral valve repair procedures will be compared for surgeons that operate at a single center [i.e. SC surgeons] versus multiple centers [i.e. MC …

Behavioural Risks In Female Dogs With Minimal Lifetime Exposure To Gonadal Hormones, Melissa J. Starling, Anne Fawcett, Bethany Wilson, James Serpell, Paul Mcgreevy

Physiology Collection

Spaying of female dogs is a widespread practice, performed primarily for population control. While the consequences of early spaying for health are still being debated, the consequences for behaviour are believed to be negligible. The current study focused on the reported behaviour of 8981 female dogs spayed before 520 weeks (ten years) of life for reasons other than behavioural management, and calculated their percentage lifetime exposure to gonadal hormones (PLGH) as a proportion of their age at the time of being reported to the online Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ). We found that 23 behaviours differed between entire …

Restoring Energy Deficits In Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Key To Effective Treatment, Savannah Daines, Brett Adams, Tye Harrison

Fall Student Research Symposium 2019

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when external forces cause the brain to move rapidly within the skull, resulting in an alteration of brain function. Following the initial injury, a cascade of cellular events known as the secondary injury reduces cerebral energy production and exacerbates pathological consequences. Conditions that close the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) provide effective treatment for TBI by restoring ionic balance and coupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to ATP production. mPTP closure can be achieved during ketosis when the body metabolizes ketone bodies over glucose as a primary fuel source. Administration of exogenous ketones achieves therapeutic levels …

Theories Of Practice In Nursing Nur 507, Joanna Burkhardt

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

Translating Evidence Into Practice Nur 505, Joanna Burkhardt

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

Evidence-Based Strategies To Improve Health Nur 521, Joanna Burkhardt

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

How Do Harm Reduction Efforts Affect Local Communities?, Sara Blamires, Katie Snow, Brian Isom

Fall Student Research Symposium 2019

Harm reduction policy is an alternative approach to addressing opioid-related drug addiction with a focus on reducing the negative impacts of opioid use on users through rehabilitation efforts and communities as a whole. Opioid addiction and overdose is a growing epidemic in the United States. Drug overdose is a leading cause of death among individuals under 50 years old, and in 2017, more than 70,000 people died from drug overdose. Comparably, in 2017, 42,000 people died in traffic accidents. This research examines the potential of harm reduction policies to address the current opioid epidemic in the United States. Existing research …

Urolithiasis Is A Risk Factor For Uroseptic Shock And Acute Kidney Injury In Patients With Urinary Tract Infection., Chih-Yen Hsiao, Tsung-Hsien Chen, Yi-Chien Lee, Meng-Chang Hsiao, Peir-Haur Hung, Yih-Yuan Chen, Ming-Cheng Wang

Faculty Research 2019

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common complication in patients with urolithiasis. This study aimed to compare clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes among UTI patients with or without urolithiasis. It also focused on identifying relationships among urolithiasis, uroseptic shock, and acute kidney injury (AKI). This retrospective study enrolled hospitalized UTI patients who underwent imaging in an acute care setting from January 2006 to March 2015. Of 662 participants enrolled, 113 (17.1%) had urolithiasis, 107 (16.2%) developed uroseptic shock, and 184 (27.8%) developed AKI. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in UTI patients, urolithiasis is associated with an increased risk …

Medication Use Evaluation Of Vaccines In Patients With Asplenia, Clarence Kyle Walker Pharmd, Jarrod W. Kile Rphd

Department of Pharmacy

No abstract provided.

Maternal Characteristics And Outcomes Affected By Hypothyroidism During Pregnancy (Maternal Hypothyroidism On Pregnancy Outcomes, Mhpo-1), Zareen Kiran, Aisha Sheikh, Sarwar Malik, Areeba Meraj, Maha Masood, Safana Ismail, Owais Rashid, Quratulain Shaikh, Numan Majeed, Lumaan Sheikh, Najmul Islam

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Background: Hypothyroidism in pregnancy is an arena of ongoing research, with international conflicts regarding screening, management, and outcomes. Various studies have described the outcomes depending on geographical and international diagnostic criteria. No study has been conducted in this regard from the region of Pakistan. Therefore, we aim to report the clinical features and maternal outcomes of hypothyroid pregnancies and compare the maternal outcomes between uncontrolled and controlled TSH levels in the preconception as well as the gestational period.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study on 718 cases in the Aga Khan University Hospital after ethical approval. We collected information …

Réadaptation Au Travail Chez Les 45 Ans Et Plus Dans Le Secteur De La Santé Et Des Services Sociaux, Carl-Ardy Dubois, Kathleen Bentein, Alain Marchand

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Au Québec, les 45 ans et plus représentent une part croissante de la main-d'œuvre du secteur de la santé et des services sociaux. Pour assurer l’équilibre nécessaire entre la demande croissante de services de santé et l’offre de main-d’œuvre dans ce contexte de changement sociodémographique, les organisations du secteur font face au défi d’optimiser la participation au travail des plus âgés. Cela exige non seulement la prise en charge efficace des situations incapacitantes au travail chez les 45 ans et plus, mais aussi la prévention de ce type de lésions et le maintien ou la réinsertion en emploi de ceux …

A Dual Inhibitor Of The Proteasome Catalytic Subunits Lmp2 And Y Attenuates Disease Progression In Mouse Models Of Alzheimer's Disease, In Jun Yeo, Min Jae Lee, Ahruem Baek, Zachary Miller, Deepak Bhattarai, Yu Mi Baek, Hyun Jung Jeong, Yun Kyung Kim, Dong-Eun Kim, Jin Tae Hong, Kyung Bo Kim

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

The immunoproteasome (iP) is a variant of the constitutive proteasome (cP) that is abundantly expressed in immune cells which can also be induced in somatic cells by cytokines such as TNF-α or IFN-γ. Accumulating evidence support that the iP is closely linked to multiple facets of inflammatory response, eventually leading to the development of several iP inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for autoimmune diseases. Recent studies also found that the iP is upregulated in reactive glial cells surrounding amyloid β (Aβ) deposits in brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, but the role it plays in the pathogenesis of AD remains …

Sepsis Screening Tool Increased The Usage Of Sepsis Order Set, Raweewan Liengsawangwong

Applied Research Projects

Introduction: The sepsis screening tool was launched to improve the usage of the sepsis order set.

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to determine whether the sepsis screening tool increased the usage of sepsis order set and whether the tool improved the primary outcomes. This study assessed the association between using sepsis order set and the compliance of the SEP-1 measure (represented by achieving total perfect care), and the primary outcomes. Furthermore, this study assessed association between the compliance with SEP-1 and the primary outcomes. The primary outcomes were a) time zero to antibiotics, b) inpatient length of stay, …

Health Status And Adults Willingness To Encounter A Provider By Telehealth, Jacqueline Perry

Applied Research Projects

Telehealth has proven to be a growing sector providing on-demand health services for consumers. A long history of development and refinement precede what we now know as telehealth technology. Access to telehealth technology has become widely available changing the landscape of healthcare. However, does that mean that consumers desire to use the technology? How does a factor such as health status play a role in the consumers’ willingness to encounter a provider using telehealth as the method for delivery of care? This research project aims to compare self-selected health status to consumers’ willingness to engage with telehealth services.