Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Quality Assurance In Telehealth: Adherence To Evidence-Based Indicators., Daniel Halpren-Ruder, Anna Marie Chang, Judd E. Hollander, Anuh Shah

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

Background: Value enhancing telehealth (TH) lacks a robust body of formal clinically focused quality assessment studies. Innovations such as telehealth must always demonstrate that it preserves or hopefully advances quality. Introduction: We sought to determine whether adherence to the evidence-based Choosing Wisely (CW) recommendations (antibiotic stewardship) for acute sinusitis differs for encounters through direct-to-consumer (DTC) telemedicine verses "in-person" care in an emergency department (ED) or an urgent care (UC) center.

Materials and Methods: Study design was a retrospective review. Patients with a symptom complex consistent with acute sinusitis treated through DTC were matched with ED and UC patients, based upon …

A Microfluidics-Based Cross-Flow Filtration Platform For Rapid Processing Of Amphiphilic Biomarkers From Blood, Kiersten D. Lenz

Biomedical Engineering ETDs

Early and accurate detection of bacterial infections can help save lives, prevent the spread of disease, and decrease the overuse of antibiotics. Our team at the Los Alamos National Laboratory has developed novel assays to detect bacterial biomarkers from patient blood at the point-of-care in order to facilitate a universal diagnostic platform. However, these biomarkers are amphiphilic in nature, and this biochemical property causes them to be sequestered by high-density and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) in the host’s blood. Extraction of the bacterial biomarkers from the lipoprotein complexes is thereby required for the development and deployment of a diagnostic …

Complex History Of Codiversification And Host Switching Of A Newfound Soricid-Borne Orthohantavirus In North America, Schuyler W. Liphardt, Hae Ji Kang, Laurie J. Dizney, Luis A. Ruedas, Joseph A. Cook, Richard Yanagihara

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Orthohantaviruses are tightly linked to the ecology and evolutionary history of their mammalian hosts. We hypothesized that in regions with dramatic climate shifts throughout the Quaternary, orthohantavirus diversity and evolution are shaped by dynamic host responses to environmental change through processes such as host isolation, host switching, and reassortment. Jemez Springs virus (JMSV), an orthohantavirus harbored by the dusky shrew (Sorex monticola) and five close relatives distributed widely in western North America, was used to test this hypothesis. Total RNAs, extracted from liver or lung tissue from 164 shrews collected from western North America during 1983–2007, were analyzed for orthohantavirus …

Glucocorticoids And Airway Smooth Muscle: A Few More Answers, Still More Questions, Ajay P. Nayak

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Efficacy Of Invisalign Attachments: A Retrospective Study, Theresa Karras

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Invisalign’s (Align Technology, Inc., Santa Clara, CA) optimized and conventional attachments on rotational and extrusive tooth movements.Materials and Methods: Initial, predicted, and achieved digital dental models from 100 orthodontic patients were exported from Invisalign’s ClinCheck software as stereolithography (STL) files and subsequently imported into the Slicer CMF program (open source, version 4.7.0) for superimpositions on posterior teeth with no planned movement. Rotational and extrusive measurements for both optimized and conventional attachment types were made on 382 teeth from the superimposition of the initial and predicted models (“predicted movement”) and from the superimposed initial and …

The Cytotoxicity Effect Of Silver Solder Materials On Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Cells, Joseph Jeffrey Curry

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objectives:Orthodontic appliances with silver soldering can be in the oral cavity for several years and very few studies have been done to detect the biosafety of the silver solders. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the cytotoxicity effects of two different solder materials on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast cells (HPLF).Methods:Two commonly used solder materials from two companies, (Leone and Summit) with different metal elements and percentages were studied. The solder samples were exposed to HPLF cells for 48 hours and the cytotoxicity effect of soldered materials on HPLF cells was measured via the MTT colorimetric assay …

The Effect Of Mechanical Vibration On Alveolar Bone Following Experimental Periodontitis - A Micro-Ct Study, Andrei Dan Taut

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: Vibration in the form of high frequency, low magnitude acceleration has paradoxical effects on craniofacial bones – with anabolic effects under physiological conditions and catabolic effects in the presence of inflammation. The objectives of this study are to establish a murine model for periodontitis and to investigate the effects of high frequency, low magnitude mechanical vibration on alveolar bone following ligature- induced experimental periodontitis.Materials and Methods: Ninety-five 11-week-old inbred strain C57BL/67 male mice were randomly assigned into four groups: 1) healthy control (n = 9); 2) healthy + mechanical vibration (n = 8); 3) experimental periodontitis + no treatment …

Evaluation Of Corrosion Mechanisms In Stainless Steel Orthodontic Retainer Wires, Jamie Martin

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Title: Evaluation of Corrosion Mechanisms in Stainless Steel Orthodontic Retainer WiresAuthors: Jamie Martin, Ghada Nimeri, David BerzinsObjective:Orthodontic retainers fabricated from stainless steel wire and acrylic are prone to several types of corrosion in the oral environment, including stress, crevice, and galvanic corrosion. The aim of this study was to determine the relative effect of stress corrosion, galvanic corrosion, and crevice corrosion on stainless steel retainer wires.Methods:Three different brands of 0.032-inch stainless steel wires were tested. Six new segments (2-inch length) of each brand of wire were tested in each of four tests: 1) in an artificial saliva solution to determine …

Family Behaviors As Unchanging Obstacles In End-Of-Life Care: 16-Year Comparative Data, Jasmine Burson Jenkins

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Critical care nurses (CCNs) provide end-of-life (EOL) care for critically ill patients. CCNs face many obstacles while trying to provide quality EOL care. Some research has been published focusing on obstacles CCNs face while trying to provide quality EOL care; however, research focusing on family behavior obstacles is limited.Objective: To determine if magnitude scores (obstacle item size x obstacle item frequency of occurrence) have changed since previous magnitude score data were first gathered in 1999.Methods: A random geographically dispersed sample of 2,000 members of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) was surveyed. Responses from quantitative Likert- type items …

The Mother Domain: A Mediated Model Of Maternal Gatekeepers And Depressed Fathers Among Newlyweds With Children, Clare R. Thomas

Theses and Dissertations

Paternal depression is an understudied topic and research connecting it to maternal gatekeeping is still in its infancy. Research has found that the marriage relationship can be associated with both depression and maternal gatekeeping. This study focuses on how these three areas are related. A subsample of the CREATE project was used including 216 couples, or 432 married parents. Two separate SEM mediational models were tested to examine father depression as a predictor of maternal gatekeeping, with marital instability as the mediator in one model and partner connectedness as the mediator in the other model. Both parent reports were used …

Performance Of The Timi Risk Score In Predicting Mortality After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In Elderly Women: Results From A Developing Country, Shumaila Furnaz, Musa Karim, Tariq Ashraf, Sajjad Ali, Izza Shahid, Sara Ali, Uzzam Ahmed Khawaja, Muhammad Tanzeel Ul Haque, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi

Section of Internal Medicine

Background: Despite women undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) having a higher rate of adverse outcomes than men, data evaluating prognostic risk scores, especially in elderly women, remains scarce. This study was conducted to validate the predictive value of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score in elderly female patients.

Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of elderly (>65 years) female patients who underwent PPCI for ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) from October 2016 to September 2018. Patients' demographic details and elements of TIMI risk score including age, co-morbidities, Killip classification; weight, anterior MI and total ischemic time …

Ralstonia Pickettii Bacteremia: An Emerging Infection In A Tertiary Care Hospital Setting, Nosheen Nasir, Muneeba Ahsan Sayeed, Bushra Jamil

Section of Internal Medicine

Ralstonia species are Gram-negative bacilli that have increasingly been recognized as emerging nosocomial pathogens, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. Ralstonia pickettii is the most clinically important pathogen from the Ralstonia genus. Nosocomial outbreaks of Ralstonia pickettii infections brought about by the use of contaminated medical solutions, including saline, sterile water, as well as disinfectants, have been reported. There have been case reports of invasive infections with variable presentations. Here, we describe three cases of Ralstonia pickettii bacteremia during a period of one year in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. The first case was a 76-year-old male, known case of …

Performance Of The Timi Risk Score In Predicting Mortality After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In Elderly Women: Results From A Developing Country, Shumaila Furnaz, Musa Karim, Tariq Ashraf, Sajjad Ali, Izza Shahid, Sara Ali, Uzzam Ahmed Khawaja, Muhammad Tanzeel Ul Haque, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi

Section of Internal Medicine

Background: Despite women undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) having a higher rate of adverse outcomes than men, data evaluating prognostic risk scores, especially in elderly women, remains scarce. This study was conducted to validate the predictive value of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score in elderly female patients.

Materials and methods: This was a retrospective analysis of elderly (>65 years) female patients who underwent PPCI for ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) from October 2016 to September 2018. Patients' demographic details and elements of TIMI risk score including age, co-morbidities, Killip classification; weight, anterior MI and total ischemic …

Use Of The Who Access, Watch, And Reserve Classification To Define Patterns Of Hospital Antibiotic Use (Aware): An Analysis Of Paediatric Survey Data From 56 Countries., Yingfen Hsia, Brian R. Lee, Ann Versporten, Yonghong Yang, Julia Bielicki, Charlotte Jackson, Jason Newland, Herman Goossens, Nicola Magrini, Mike Sharland, Garpec And Global-Pps Networks

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Improving the quality of hospital antibiotic use is a major goal of WHO's global action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance. The WHO Essential Medicines List Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification could facilitate simple stewardship interventions that are widely applicable globally. We aimed to present data on patterns of paediatric AWaRe antibiotic use that could be used for local and national stewardship interventions.

METHODS: 1-day point prevalence survey antibiotic prescription data were combined from two independent global networks: the Global Antimicrobial Resistance, Prescribing, and Efficacy in Neonates and Children and the Global Point Prevalence Survey on Antimicrobial Consumption and …

Depression Among Expectant And New Mothers: A Multi-Study Investigation Of Rates, Correlates, And Training For Healthcare Providers, Molly M. Long

Health Services Research Dissertations

Perinatal depression (PD) is a common concern among women. PD has been shown to have negative effects on the mother, child, and mother-child relationship. Screening for PD is inconsistent and low among healthcare providers. However, several governing organizations (e.g., The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, The American Academy of Pediatrics) have provided guidelines for screening and treating PD, indicating the importance and utility of screening and treating PD by a variety of healthcare providers. Few studies, with low methodological rigor, have attempted to improve PD screening, treatment, and referral practices. Therefore, it is important to implement and assess additional …

An Examination Of The Triarchic Model Of Psychopathy's Nomological Network: A Meta-Analytic Review, Chelsea E. Sleep, Brandon Weiss, Donald R. Lynam, Joshua D. Miller

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

Psychopathy is characterized by a constellation of traits including callousness, superficial charm, grandiosity, exploitativeness, irresponsibility, and impulsivity (e.g., Cleckley, 1941/1955; Hare, 2003). Despite longstanding interest, the nature and scope of the construct as well as the centrality and sufficiency of its components remain debated (i.e., Fearless Dominance/Boldness; Miller & Lynam, 2012; Lilienfeld et al., 2012). Recently, the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy (TriPM; Patrick, Fowles, & Krueger, 2009) has garnered considerable interest, positing that psychopathy can be characterized by three partially overlapping, phenotypic domains: Boldness, Meanness, and Disinhibition. The present meta-analysis sought to examine the relations between these domains and other …

General Strength And Muscular Endurance: Relationship To V1- And V2-Skate Skiing Economy In Collegiate Cross-Country Skiers, Ian Torchia

All NMU Master's Theses

Introduction Cross-country skiing is a power-endurance sport requiring upper and lower body activation for propulsion across the ground. While high aerobic markers such as VO_2max and lactate threshold are important performance indicators, recent research has demonstrated the importance of full-body general strength and muscular endurance in skiing success. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of strength indices via a full-body series of muscular endurance tests, as well as a general 1-RM strength test, to VO₂ skiing economy utilizing the V1- and V2-skate technique.

Methods Oxygen uptake was measured during baseline and economy testing on …

Discriminative Stimulus Effects Of Putative Antipsychotic Drugs, Alex Lekander

All NMU Master's Theses

This study attempted to further explore the discriminative stimulus properties of antipsychotic drugs, by establishing the typical antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine, and the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine as discriminative stimulus in two different groups of rats. The rats trained to discriminate chlorpromazine from vehicle failed to do so reliably, however nine of ten rats trained to discriminate 1.25 mg/kg clozapine from vehicle were able to acquire the discrimination in 19.1 sessions. The clozapine cue partially generalized (63.13% drug lever responding [SEM = ± 18.91]) to the antimalarial drug methylene blue at the 7.5 mg/kg dose, but not to the antimalarial quinacrine. …

Transforming Trauma: Resilience And Healing Through Our Connections With Animals, Philip Teseschi, Molly Anne Jenkins

Purdue University Press Book Previews

Have you ever looked deep into the eyes of an animal and felt entirely known? Often, the connections we share with non-human animals represent our safest and most reliable relationships, offering unique and profound opportunities for healing in periods of hardship. This book focuses on research developments, models, and practical applications of human-animal connection and animal-assisted intervention for diverse populations who have experienced trauma. Physiological and psychological trauma are explored across three broad and interconnected domains: 1) child maltreatment and family violence; 2) acute and post-traumatic stress, including military service, war, and developmental trauma; and 3) times of crisis, such …

Not All Surveillance Data Are Created Equal—A Multi‐Method Dynamic Occupancy Approach To Determine Rabies Elimination From Wildlife, Amy J. Davis, Jordona D. Kirby, Richard B. Chipman, Kathleen M. Nelson, Tatiana Xifara, Colleen T. Webb, Ryan Wallace, Amy T. Gilbert, Kim M. Pepin

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

1. A necessary component of elimination programmes for wildlife disease is effective surveillance. The ability to distinguish between disease freedom and non‐detection can mean the difference between a successful elimination campaign and new epizootics. Understanding the contribution of different surveillance methods helps to optimize and better allocate effort and develop more effective surveillance programmes.

2. We evaluated the probability of rabies virus elimination (disease freedom) in an enzootic area with active management using dynamic occupancy modelling of 10 years of raccoon rabies virus (RABV) surveillance data (2006–2015) collected from three states in the eastern United States. We estimated detection probability …

Diaspora’S Role In Nepal’S Development: Summary Of The Forum Held At The Nepali National Convention. Baltimore, Md, Usa. July 5-7, 2019, Ambika P. Adhikari, Diwakar Dahal, Rajendra Khatiwada

Himalayan Research Papers Archive

Four major Nepalese community organizations, ANA, ANMA, BANA, and INLS jointly hosted the “Nepali National Convention 2019” in Baltimore, Maryland, USA during July 5 to 7, 2019. Eight other community-based organizations including Blood Donors of America, Society of American Nepalese Nurses, Nepalese Association of Florida, Nepal Pasa Pucha Amerikaye, America Nepal Women’s Association of Greater Washington, Nepal Education and Culture Center, America Nepal Society, and Association of Nepali Teraian in America were involved as co-hosts of the convention. Several other local organizations participated in support of the convention.

The Forum “Diaspora’s Role in Nepal’s Development” was held from 1:30-3:00 pm …

Effect Of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback On Sleep, Joshua Mercadel

Theses and Dissertations

Healthy amounts of sleep is vital for normal human functions such as daily learning, memory, emotional state and cardiovascular function. Studies conducted previously have shown sleep deprivation to be associated with increases in sympathetic activity contributing to autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation. HRV biofeedback (HRVB) training induces HRV coherence, a condition that maximizes HRV and facilitates autonomic and cardiorespiratory homeostasis. This randomized, controlled, intervention trial will test the hypothesis that HRVB can improve HRV coherence and increase overall sleep quality. Patients are randomized to previously established HRVB or sham protocols (n=40 each, total planned enrollment N=80). Each participant completes a …

Glia Responsivity In Nicotine Dependence, Adewale Oluwamuyiwa Adeluyi

Theses and Dissertations

Neurons are the primary research target in the exploration and development of novel smoking cessation pharmacotherapies over the years. These research efforts have led to the discovery and development of three FDA-approved smoking cessation aids – nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, and bupropion, each of which have quantifiable success as smoking cessation aids. However, relapse is still very common and smoking cessation is successful in less than 5% of quit attempts, making paramount the development of novel therapeutics. One untapped therapeutic target are glia, particularly, astrocytes and microglia, which are active participants in the neuroplastic events underlying drug addiction.

First, we …

Experience Of Persistent Pain Among Military Service Members Participating In An Interdisciplinary Intensive Outpatient Program, Barbara Katarzyna Bujak

Theses and Dissertations

Persistent pain is one of today’s most complex issues in healthcare. In the U.S. military, persistent pain affects close to half of the service members who have deployed overseas and up to 73.2% of service members and veterans experiencing persistent pain. Interdisciplinary pain management, considered one of the most effective ways to manage persistent pain, utilizes the biopsychosocial model that illustrates the dynamic interaction between the physiological, psychological and social factors involved in the experience of persistent pain. Effective interdisciplinary programs address all components of the model and result in better coping skills to self-manage persistent pain, decreased fear of …

The Contribution Of Adipose Tissue From Ovariectomized Mice To Colon Cancer, Meredith Smith Carson

Theses and Dissertations

Obesity is considered a major public health concern worldwide due to the increased incidences of metabolic dysfunction and cancer risk. The obese state is, in part, attributable to the overconsumption of calorie-dense foods commonly seen in a standard Western diet, which aids in the progression of chronic, lowgrade inflammation. The role of estrogen varies depending on menopausal status, where estrogen deficiency coupled with increased visceral fat associated with post-menopause leads to increased secretions of pro-inflammatory adipokines and cytokines. However, the presence of estrogen in a premenopausal state has been shown to attenuate the pro-inflammatory response, which has been demonstrated when …

Uncoordinated Maturation Of Developing And Regenerating Postnatal Mammalian Vestibular Hair Cells, Tian Wang, Mamiko Niwa, Zahra N. Sayyid, Davood K. Hosseini, Nicole Pham, Sherri M. Jones, Anthony J. Ricci, Alan G. Cheng

Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders: Faculty Publications

Sensory hair cells are mechanoreceptors required for hearing and balance functions. From embryonic development, hair cells acquire apical stereociliary bundles for mechanosensation, basolateral ion channels that shape receptor potential, and synaptic contacts for conveying information centrally. These key maturation steps are sequential and presumed coupled; however, whether hair cells emerging postnatally mature similarly is unknown. Here, we show that in vivo postnatally generated and regenerated hair cells in the utricle, a vestibular organ detecting linear acceleration, acquired some mature somatic features but hair bundles appeared nonfunctional and short. The utricle consists of two hair cell subtypes with distinct morphological, electrophysiological …

Stressmon: Large Scale Detection Of Stress And Depression In Campus Environment Using Passive Coarse-Grained Location Data, Camellia Zakaria

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

The rising mental health illnesses of severe stress and depression is of increasing concern worldwide. Often associated by similarities in symptoms, severe stress can take a toll on a person’s productivity and result in depression if the stress is left unmanaged. Unfortunately, depression can occur without any feelings of stress. With depression growing as a leading cause of disability in economic productivity, there has been a sharp rise in mental health initiatives to improve stress and depression management. To offer such services conveniently and discreetly, recent efforts have focused on using mobile technologies. However, these initiatives usually require users to …

Statin Prescription For Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease From National Survey Data, Kristina Vatcheva, Vicente Aparicio, Ayesha Araya, Eduardo Gonzalez, Susan T. Laing

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Despite strong evidence for the use of statins for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), statin prescription is still suboptimal. We aimed to determine the rates and factors that influence statin prescription using national survey data. This is a cross-sectional retrospective study on 8,468 patients with clinical ASCVD who were drawn from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from years 2011 to 2015. Survey-weighted analysis was conducted to estimate weighted prevalence and odds ratios for statin prescription. There was a significant increase in statin prescription from the years 2011 to 2015. Nevertheless, …

Dissociation Between The Growing Opioid Demands And Drug Policy Directions Among The U.S. Older Adults With Degenerative Joint Diseases, Pearl Kim Phd, Takashi Yamashita Phd, Mph, Ma, Jay J. Shen Phd, Seong-Min Park Phd, Sung-Youn Chun Phd, Sun Jung Kim Phd, Mhsa, Jinwook Hwang Md, Phd, Se Won Lee Md, Georgia Dounis Dds, Ms, Hee-Taik Kang Md, Phd, Yong-Jae Lee Md, Phd, Dong-Hun Han Dds, Phd, Ji Eun Kim Phd, Hyeyoung Yeom Md, David Byun Do, Tsigab Bahta Md, Ji Won Yoo Md

School of Public Health Faculty Research

We aim to examine temporal trends of orthopedic operations and opioid-related hospital stays among seniors in the nation and states of Oregon and Washington where marijuana legalization was accepted earlier than any others. As aging society advances in the United States (U.S.), orthopedic operations and opioid-related hospital stays among seniors increase in the nation. A serial cross-sectional cohort study using the healthcare cost and utilization project fast stats from 2006 through 2015 measured annual rate per 100,000 populations of orthopedic operations by age groups (45–64 vs 65 and older) as well as annual rate per 100,000 populations of opioid-related hospital …

Comparison Of The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (Sofa) And Quick Sofa Scores In Predicting In-Hospital Mortality Among Adult Critical Care Patients With Suspected Infection, Mohammed A. Said, Wangari Siika, Vitalis Mung’Ayi, Reena Shah

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Introduction: Sepsis is global health priority and the leading cause of death in critical care. The SEPSIS 3 criteria introduced in 2016 is the latest tool in diagnosing sepsis. It uses SOFA and qSOFA scores in place of the SIRS criteria for better ability to predict mortality in patients with suspected infections. The performance of these scores in critical care units outside high-income countries remains largely unknown.

Methods: We compared the performance of SOFA and qSOFA in predicting the in-hospital mortality of an adult critical care unit in Kenya. We conducted a retrospective review of all patients admitted …