Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Electrocardiographic Qtc Interval Prolongation In Aging Thai Hiv Infected Population After Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: Ecg Thai-Haart Study, Nonthikorn Theerasuwipakorn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: the QTc interval prolongation is commonly found in HIV infected patients with some controversial data showed the association between ART and this condition. To date, there is no data of the QTc interval prolongation in the aging HIV infected patients with the usage of current HAART regimens. Method: we collected the data of the aging, 50 years old or more, ART-experience HIV infected patients in the HIV Netherland Australia Thailand research collaboration (HIV-NAT) who had digital ECG recorded to find the prevalence as a primary objective. The secondary objective is to find the associating factors of the QTc interval …

Utilization Of Modified Mrna Encoding Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 For Periodontal Regeneration: An In Vitro Study, Promphakkon Kulthanaamondhita

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Current modalities for periodontal regeneration provide modest success, however complete periodontal regeneration is still not achievable. Recently in vitro synthesized nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a novel platform in regenerative medicine. The aims of this study are to investigate the ability of human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), clinically relevant target cells, to produce bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), a significant protein for bone formation after transfected with modified mRNA that encode this protein. We investigated the ability of translated protein for enhancing PDLC proliferation and promotes endothelial cell tube formation, marker of angiogenesis. Isolated PDLCs from healthy periodontal tissue …

Genome, Physicochemical Properties And Esterase Gene Cloning Of Novel Lentibacillus And Halobacillus Species, Auttaporn Booncharoen

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

A total of 831 moderately halophilic bacteria isolated from various samples in Thailand were screened for their lipolytic activity. Three hundred and forty-nine isolates showed activity on agar plate while 322 isolates exhibited in broth. The grouping and identification of 322 isolates based on DNA-fingerprinting using (GTG)5+ERIC2 primer and 16S rRNA gene sequence, 180 DNA patterns could be generated. The result indicated that the representative isolates belonged to genera Bacillus, Halobacillus, Lentibacillus, Marinobacter, Thallossobacillus, and Virgibacillus. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic study and genome analysis, a selected moderately halophilic strain SSKP1-9T, Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped was closely related to …

In Vitro Antiplatelet Activity Of Lusianthridin In Human Platelets, Hla Nu Swe

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Lusianthridin is a phenanthrene derivative isolated from Dendrobium venustum. Some phenanthrene compounds have antiplatelet aggregation activities via undefined pathways. The objective of this study is to determine the inhibitory effects and potential mechanisms of lusianthridin on platelet aggregation. Turbidometric aggregometry method was used to measure the extent of platelet aggregation, then cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were measured by ELISA kit. Inhibitory effect of lusianthridin on cyclooxygenase enzymes was analyzed by COX fluorescent inhibitor screening assay kit. The results indicated that Lusianthridin most potently inhibited arachidonic acid -induced platelet aggregation by maximum percent inhibition of aggregation of 89.7 ± 1.2 …

Cytotoxic Constituents Of Cymbidium Finlaysonianum And Paphiopedilum Dianthum, Nonthalert Lertnitikul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Chemical investigation of two orchids native to Thailand led to the isolation of eighteen compounds. From the whole plants of Cymbidium finlaysonianum Wall. ex Lindl, a new dihydrophenanthrene, 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,7-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenan-threne, and nine known stilbenoids, including a phenanthrenequinone, cymbinodin-A, a dihydrophenanthrenequinone, ephemeranthoquinone B, a bibenzyl, batatasin III, two phenanthrenes, 2,4-dimethoxy-3,7-dihydroxyphenanthrene and 3,7-dihydroxy-2,4,6-trimethoxyphenanthrene, and four dihydrophenanthrenes i.e. coelonin, 6-methoxycoelonin, flavanthridin and lusianthridin, were obtained. From the roots and leaves of Paphiopedilum dianthum Tang & Wang, two new stilbene dimers, paphiodianthins A and B, were isolated along with three known stilbenes i.e. pinosylvin monomethyl ether, 2,3'-dihydroxy-5'-methoxystilbene and (E)-2,5'-dihydroxy-2'-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3'-methoxystilbene, and three known flavonoids i.e. isalpinin, …

Protective Mechanisms Of Polyphenols Against Nsaids-Induced Intestinal Cell Death In Caco-2 Cells, Cherdsak Boonyong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Indomethacin (INDO) and diclofenac (DIC) cause intestinal cell death through reactive oxygen species (ROS), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study investigated the cytoprotective effects of certain natural polyphenolic antioxidants against INDO- and DIC-mediated Caco-2 cell death as well as underlying mechanisms. In this study, caffeic acid (CAF), curcumin (CUR), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallic acid (GAL), hypophyllanthin (HYPO), naringenin (NAR), phyllanthin (PHY), piperine (PIP), quercetin (QUE), rutin (RUT) and silymarin (SLY) were able to decrease ROS production in Caco-2 cells treated with INDO and DIC. However, only EGCG, QUE and RUT (100 µM) could prevent INDO- and …

Global Initiative Of The University Of Nebraska Medical Center To Improve Physical Therapy Education, Care And Science In China, Betsy J. Becker, Joseph F. Norman, Kyle Meyer, Ka-Chun Siu

Posters and Presentations: Physical Therapy

No abstract provided.

Conformational Flexibility In The Enterovirus Rna Replication Platform, Meghan S. Warden, Kai Cai, Gabriel Cornilescu, Jordan E. Burke, Komala Ponniah, Samuel E. Butcher, Steven M. Pascal

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

A presumed RNA cloverleaf (5′CL), located at the 5′-most end of the noncoding region of the enterovirus genome, is the primary established site for initiation of genomic replication. Stem–loop B (SLB) and stem–loop D (SLD), the two largest stem–loops within the 5′CL, serve as recognition sites for protein interactions that are essential for replication. Here we present the solution structure of rhinovirus serotype 14 5′CL using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. In the absence of magnesium, the structure adopts an open, somewhat extended conformation. In the presence of magnesium, the structure compacts, bringing SLB …

The Impact Of School Nutrition Education And Physical Education Programs On Weight Status Of Obese Children Aged 5-12 Years, Lamia Alotaibi

Masters Theses

Epidemiological studies indicate that 12.5 million children and adolescents are considered obese (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). Obesity is on the rise globally, and while it affects both children and adults, early measures can be taken to reduce the number of children who are obese, and therefore, come into adulthood at a higher risk for obesity-related diseases, such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and sleep apnea. There are many studies in which programs are implemented and tested for effectiveness; therefore, a systematic review of these studies that examine which factors play into overall obesity prevention and health improvements among …

Waist Circumference And The Relation To Aerobic Exercise And Perception Of Illness In Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Bailey J. Huebner

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship between waist circumference (WC), amount of aerobic exercise performed weekly and overall Health Belief Model (HBM) score in adults with diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Members from a local Midwest adult fitness program (n = 5) who had been diagnosed T2DM participated in this study. Participants ranged in age from 70 to 80 years with an average age of 74 years. Four of the participants were female and one participant was male. The questions included in this study were 1 .) in those with diagnosed T2DM, was a low …

Mental Imagery Practice As A Therapy For Naming Impairments: A Preliminary Study, Subhash Bhatnagar, Bridget Patek, Yasmeen Khan-Ansari, Naveen K. Bansal, Hugh Buckingham, Lotfi Hacein-Bey

Speech Pathology and Audiology Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Anomia remains one of the most recalcitrant linguistic disruptions in aphasia to treat. Developing successful interventions to address the word-finding deficits are complicated by the post-stroke symptom variability and inconsistent recovery patterns associated with anomia. Most of the current treatment methods, with a focus on specific compensating techniques and the repetitive practice of a limited set of items, have had variable success in naming treatment. However, it has not been possible to predict the gains in generalizing the learning beyond the stimuli used in practice or the controlled clinical setting. In this preliminary case study, we explore the value …

Understanding Structure-Activity Relationship Of Synthetic Cathinones (Bath Salts) Utilizing Methylphenidate, Barkha J. Yadav

Theses and Dissertations

Synthetic cathinones are stimulant drugs of abuse that act at monoamine transporters e.g. the dopamine transporter (DAT) as releasing agents or as reuptake inhibitors. More than >150 new synthetic cathinones have emerged on the clandestine market and have attracted considerable attention from the medical and law enforcement communities.

threo-Methylphenidate (tMP) is an FDA approved drug for the treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy, which also acts as a DAT reuptake inhibitor and is widely abused. tMP and synthetic cathinones share some structural similarities and extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on tMP have been conducted. However, much less is known about the …

Factors Associated With Hospital Readmissions Among United States Dialysis Facilities, Amber B. Paulus

Theses and Dissertations

Hospital readmissions are a major burden for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). On average, one in three hospital discharges among patients with ESRD are followed by a readmission within 30 days. Currently, dialysis facilities are held accountable for readmissions via the ESRD Quality Incentive Program standardized readmission ratio (SRR) clinical measure. However, little is known about facility-level factors associated with readmission. Additionally, unlike other standardized measures of quality in the dialysis setting, incident patients within their first 90-days of dialysis are included in the performance calculation. This study analyzed CMS Dialysis Facility Report data from 2013 to 2016 …

Regorafenib Enhances Lethality Of Sildenafil And Curcumin In Colorectal Cancer Cells, Kervin Benjamin Owusu

Theses and Dissertations

In the United States, more than 130,000 people will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) each year and an estimated 50,000 people will die from the disease. Standard of care (SOC) therapies for CRC combine multiple cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs. These combinations have varying degrees of effectiveness and can often result in significant patient morbidity. For second recurrence patients, the multi-kinase inhibitor, regorafenib, is an approved agent, but is often poorly tolerated at current doses. In the current study, we propose to develop therapeutic regime of combining agents with modest toxicity profiles: curcumin and sildenafil with regorafenib. Using clinically achievable enterohepatic …

Pharmacologic Profiling Of Novel Compounds Via Fluorometric Analyses Of Monoamine Transporter Responses, Ashkhan Hojati

Theses and Dissertations

In humans and other organisms, monoaminergic systems are crucial in neuronal function and behavior. The monoamine transporters (MATs), which can be found on the presynaptic plasma membrane of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), are crucial in the regulation of neurotransmitter concentration in the synaptic cleft. As the duration and concentration of neurotransmitters in the cleft affect further downstream signaling responses, these proteins are important targets for both understanding neuronal physiology and compounds of interest. Multiple theories exist proponing the contribution of MATs to a variety of mental and neurological disorders, including depression. This theory establishes that depression is …

Examining Biobehavioral Variables And Predictors Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Self- Management, Karin A. Emery

Theses and Dissertations

Type 2 diabetes mellitus self-management is a challenging process that brings forward a variety of emotional responses. The purpose of this work was to explore relationships between diabetes distress, self-efficacy and resilience and outcomes of glycosylated hemoglobin, quality of life and health status. A cross sectional descriptive design was used for this pilot study of 78 individuals enrolled from an Endocrine clinic in the Midwest United States and a Primary Care clinic in the southeast United States.

Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to characterize the sample and model variables. Spearman’s correlation was completed to identify relationships among variables. A …

Inhibition Of Cancer Stem Cells By Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics, Connor P. O'Hara

Theses and Dissertations

Connor O’Hara July 29, 2019

Inhibition of Cancer Stem Cells by Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics

In the United States cancer is the second leading cause of death, with colorectal cancer (CRC) being the third deadliest cancer and expected to cause over 51,000 fatalities in 2019 alone.¹ The current standard of care for CRC depends largely on the staging, location, and presence of metastasis.² As the tumor grows and invades nearby lymph tissue and blood vessels, CRC has the opportunity to invade not only nearby tissue but also metastasize into the liver and lung (most commonly).³ The 5-year survival rate …

The Role Of Psychosocial And Health Behavioral Factors In Pregnancy Induced Hypertension, Sylvia Sreeparna Rozario

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality and a major contributor to preterm birth and neonatal mortality. Literature suggests that several modifiable psychosocial and health behavioral factors may play significant roles in the development of PIH. However, interrelationships among these factors and their collective impact on PIH are not well understood.

Objectives: This study aims to: 1) Examine the relationship between pre-pregnancy physical activity and risk of PIH, 2) Determine the association between prepregnancy depression and PIH and the role of race/ethnicity in this association, 3) Evaluate the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) in …

The Effects Of Long-Term Deafness On Density And Diameter Of Dendritic Spines On Pyramidal Neurons In The Dorsal Zone Of The Feline Auditory Cortex, Rachel J. Bauer

Theses and Dissertations

Neuroplasticity has been researched in many different ways, from the growing neonatal brain to neural responses to trauma and injury. According to recent research, neuroplasticity is also prevalent in the ability of the brain to repurpose areas that are not of use, like in the case of a loss of a sense. Specifically, behavioral studies have shown that deaf humans (Bavalier and Neville, 2002) and cats have increased visual ability, and that different areas of the auditory cortex enhance specific kinds of sight. One such behavioral test demonstrated that the dorsal zone (DZ) of the auditory cortex enhances sensitivity to …

Incidence And Predictor Variables Of Pressure Injuries In Patients Undergoing Ventricular Assist Device And Total Artificial Heart Surgeries: An Eight-Year Retrospective Review, Christopher T. Brindle

Theses and Dissertations

BACKGROUND

Cardiac surgery patients have some of the highest reported incidence and prevalence of pressure injuries (PI). A growing subset of cardiac surgery include patients with end-stage heart failure who undergo ventricular assist device (VAD) or total artificial heart (TAH) surgery. The risk of PI and their natural history of development in this population are unknown and the specific risk factors for PI development remain unexplored.

OBJECTIVES

To perform a systematic review of the literature to identify the incidence and risk factors of PI development in patients undergoing VAD-TAH surgery and thereby inform study design and variables in an eight-year …

Chemical Characterization Of Pseudognaphalium Obtusifolium By Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (Gc-Ms) To Assess Potential Therapeutic Phytochemicals And Toxicological Concerns Using Simulated Use Conditions, Regina Ballentine

Theses and Dissertations

Chemical Characterization of Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to Assess Potential Therapeutic Phytochemicals and Toxicological Concerns Using Simulated Use Conditions

By Regina Ballentine

Virginia Commonwealth University, 2019

Director: Sarah C. Rutan, Professor, Department of Chemistry

Currently, there is an increasing demand for natural therapies and herbal products to treat various ailments. It is generally believed that natural therapies have fewer side-effects than traditional western medicine; however, they are often used in different strengths and formulations without consistency of the levels of target compounds or knowledge about toxicity. Due to this growing trend, a comprehensive chemical evaluation …

Adaptation And Validation Of The Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique For Student Registered Nurse Anesthetists, Deniz Dishman

Theses and Dissertations

Anesthesia is a health care specialty fraught with high workload demands, stressful work environments, increased production pressure, work areas with many distractions, an increasing use of advanced technology, and the constant need to prioritize work actions. Effective clinical judgment in this dynamic environment necessitates that the provider demonstrate the ability to project what may occur secondary to actual or potential condition changes. These key elements operationalize situation awareness (SA).

High level SA is an important characteristic for the successful development of student registered nurse anesthetists (SRNAs). With Endsley’s “Theory of Situation Awareness” as the foundation, the goal of this study …

Development Of Bivalent Ligands Targeting The Putative Mu Opioid Receptor And Chemokine Receptor Cxcr4 Heterodimer, Bethany A. Reinecke

Theses and Dissertations

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioid abuse have been described as synergistic epidemics. Pharmacologically, it has been found that opioids have the capacity to enhance HIV infection and replication. Research has shown that activation of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) elevates the expression of the HIV-1 entry co-receptor CXCR4 on T-lymphocytes in the peripheral nervous system, thus allowing for enhanced viral entry and invasion. Although the exact mechanism for opioid modulation of CXCR4 expression and subsequent exacerbation of HIV is unknown, several hypotheses exist. One hypothesis is that MOR and CXCR4 are functionally interacting through the formation of a heterodimer. This …

Use Of Emoji In Pain Level Assessment In Pediatric Dental Patients, Manpreet K. Dhillon

Theses and Dissertations

USE OF EMOJI IN PAIN LEVEL ASSESSMENT IN PEDIATRIC DENTAL PATIENTS

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a pain scale with Emoji images in comparison to the commonly used Wong-Baker FACES® pain scale. Methods: Healthy, English-speaking patients aged 4-17 presenting to the VCU Pediatric Dental clinic and the operating room and presenting to the MCV Pediatric Emergency Room were asked to rate their pain using the Wong-Baker FACES® and Emoji scales. These patients were then asked to select which pain scale they preferred. Results: A total of 151 children were enrolled in the study. …

Comparison Of Triple Combination Oral Sedation Regimens For Pediatric Dental Treatment, Brett H. Henderson

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Compare the efficacy of two benzodiazepines (diazepam or midazolam) in combination with meperidine and hydroxyzine for pediatric dental sedation. Methods: A randomized, double blind observation study of behaviors and outcomes related to two sedation groups. Frankl and Houpt behavior scores were recorded at three time points: injection time, initiation of treatment and at the end of treatment. Postoperative phone call surveys were conducted within eight hours of discharge to assess sleep, activity, and behavior. Results: A total of 40 sedation subjects were included in the study, of which 20 were treated with diazepam triple Combination (Di+M+H) and 20 with …

Individual- And County-Level Determinants Of High Breast Cancer Incidence Rates, Mario Schootman, Kendra Ratnapradipa, Travis Loux, Allese Mcvay, L. Joseph Su, Erik Nelson, Susan Kadlubar

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Background: Age-adjusted breast cancer rates vary across and within states. However, most statistical models inherently identify either individual- or area-level determinants to explain geographic disparities in breast cancer rates and ignore the effects of the other level of determinants. We present a micro-macro modelling approach that incorporates both levels of determinants to better explain this variability and to discover opportunities to reduce breast cancer rates.

Methods: Individual-level data about breast cancer risk factors from eligible Arkansas Rural Community Health (ARCH) study participants (n=13,554) was supplemented with publicly available county-level data using a novel micro-macro statistical approach. This model uses individual-level …

Effects Of Rhinacanthin-C In Multidrug-Resistance Breast Cancer Cells, Suwichak Chaisit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Rhinacanthin-C (RN-C) is a major bioactive naphthoquinone ester found in Rhinacanthus nasutus Kurz (Acanthaceae). This compound has potential therapeutic value as an anticancer agent. Rhinacanthin-C was reported to enhance doxorubicin cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells through direct inhibition of P-gp activity. However, its ability in reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells through the down-regulation of P-gp expression, alteration of detoxification system, and increase in apoptosis proteins remains unreported. Thus, this study was to investigate the potential MDR reversal effect of rhinacanthin-C and its underlying mechanisms in MCF-7/DOX. In this study, rhinacanthin-C (1 µM, 48 h) significantly enhanced cytotoxicity of …

Perspectives Winter/Spring 2019, Nova Southeastern University

Perspectives

Dr. Pallavi Patel College of Health Care Sciences

A Synthetic Agonist To Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Receptor-2 Induces Regulatory T Cell Neuroprotective Activities In Models Of Parkinson's Disease, R. Lee Mosley, Yaman Lu, Katherine E. Olson, Jatin Machhi, Wenhui Yan, Krista L. Namminga, Jenell R. Smith, Scott J. Shandler, Howard Gendelman

Journal Articles: Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience

A paradigm shift has emerged in Parkinson's disease (PD) highlighting the prominent role of CD4⁺ Tregs in pathogenesis and treatment. Bench to bedside research, conducted by others and our own laboratories, advanced a neuroprotective role for Tregs making pharmacologic transformation of immediate need. Herein, a vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor-2 (VIPR2) peptide agonist, LBT-3627, was developed as a neuroprotectant for PD-associated dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Employing both 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and α-synuclein (α-Syn) overexpression models in rats, the sequential administration of LBT-3627 increased Treg activity without altering cell numbers both in naïve animals and during progressive nigrostriatal degeneration. LBT-3627 administration was linked to …

Autonomic And Redox Imbalance Correlates With T-Lymphocyte Inflammation In A Model Of Chronic Social Defeat Stress, Cassandra M. Moshfegh, Safwan K. Elkhatib, Christopher W. Collins, Allison J. Kohl, Adam J. Case

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

Patients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at a significantly elevated risk of developing comorbid inflammatory conditions, but the mechanisms underlying this predilection remain unclear. Our previous work has shown that T-lymphocytes exposed to elevated levels of norepinephrine (NE) displayed a pro-inflammatory signature reminiscent of an autoreactive phenotype. With this, we hypothesized that the increased sympathetic tone observed during psychological trauma may be promoting pro-inflammatory T-lymphocytes, which causes a predisposition to comorbid inflammatory conditions. Here, we examined the consequences of psychological trauma on splenic T-lymphocytes using a mouse model of repeated social defeat stress. Social defeat led to anxiety-like …