Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Climate Change, Climate Justice, And A Call For Action, Jasmine Travers, Elizabeth Schenk, William Rosa, Patrice Nicholas

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

On Finding And Enumerating Maximal And Maximum K-Partite Cliques In K-Partite Graphs, Charles A. Phillips, Kai Wang, Erich J. Baker, Jason A. Bubier, Elissa J Chesler, Michael A. Langston

Faculty Research 2019

No abstract provided.

Lisa: Accurate Reconstruction Of Cell Trajectory And Pseudo-Time For Massive Single Cell Rna-Seq Data., Yang Chen, Yuping Zhang, Zhengqing Ouyang

Faculty Research 2019

Cell trajectory reconstruction based on single cell RNA sequencing is important for obtaining the landscape of different cell types and discovering cell fate transitions. Despite intense effort, analyzing massive single cell RNA-seq datasets is still challenging. We propose a new method named Landmark Isomap for Single-cell Analysis (LISA). LISA is an unsupervised approach to build cell trajectory and compute pseudo-time in the isometric embedding based on geodesic distances. The advantages of LISA include: (1) It utilizes k-nearest-neighbor graph and hierarchical clustering to identify cell clusters, peaks and valleys in low-dimension representation of the data; (2) Based on Landmark Isomap, it …

Curating Gene Sets: Challenges And Opportunities For Integrative Analysis., Jason A. Bubier, David P. Hill, Gaurab Mukherjee, Timothy Reynolds, Erich J Baker, Alexander Berger, Jake Emerson, Judith A. Blake, Elissa J Chesler

Faculty Research 2019

Genomic data interpretation often requires analyses that move from a gene-by-gene focus to a focus on sets of genes that are associated with biological phenomena such as molecular processes, phenotypes, diseases, drug interactions or environmental conditions. Unique challenges exist in the curation of gene sets beyond the challenges in curation of individual genes. Here we highlight a literature curation workflow whereby gene sets are curated from peer-reviewed published data into GeneWeaver (GW), a data repository and analysis platform. We describe the system features that allow for a flexible yet precise curation procedure. We illustrate the value of curation by gene …

Enhancing Face Validity Of Mouse Models Of Alzheimer's Disease With Natural Genetic Variation., Kristen D. Onos, Asli Uyar, Kelly J Keezer, Harriet M. Jackson, Christoph Preuss, Casey Acklin, Rita O'Rourke, Rebecca A Buchanan, Travis L Cossette, Stacey J Sukoff Rizzo, Ileana Soto, Gregory W. Carter, Gareth R Howell

Faculty Research 2019

Classical laboratory strains show limited genetic diversity and do not harness natural genetic variation. Mouse models relevant to Alzheimer's disease (AD) have largely been developed using these classical laboratory strains, such as C57BL/6J (B6), and this has likely contributed to the failure of translation of findings from mice to the clinic. Therefore, here we test the potential for natural genetic variation to enhance the translatability of AD mouse models. Two widely used AD-relevant transgenes, APPswe and PS1de9 (APP/PS1), were backcrossed from B6 to three wild-derived strains CAST/EiJ, WSB/EiJ, PWK/PhJ, representative of three Mus musculus subspecies. These new AD strains were …

An Effective Biomedical Document Classification Scheme In Support Of Biocuration: Addressing Class Imbalance., Xiangying Jiang, Martin Ringwald, Judith A. Blake, Cecilia Arighi, Gongbo Zhang, Hagit Shatkay

Faculty Research 2019

Published literature is an important source of knowledge supporting biomedical research. Given the large and increasing number of publications, automated document classification plays an important role in biomedical research. Effective biomedical document classifiers are especially needed for bio-databases, in which the information stems from many thousands of biomedical publications that curators must read in detail and annotate. In addition, biomedical document classification often amounts to identifying a small subset of relevant publications within a much larger collection of available documents. As such, addressing class imbalance is essential to a practical classifier. We present here an effective classification scheme for automatically …

Cd11c+ Cells Are Gatekeepers For Lymphocyte Trafficking To Infiltrated Islets During Type 1 Diabetes., Adam M Sandor, Robin S Lindsay, Nathan Dyjack, Jennifer C Whitesell, Cydney Rios, Brenda J Bradley, Kathryn Haskins, David V. Serreze, Aron M Geurts, Yi-Guang Chen, Max A Seibold, Jordan Jacobelli, Rachel S Friedman

Faculty Research 2019

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell mediated autoimmune disease that affects more than 19 million people with incidence increasing rapidly worldwide. For T cells to effectively drive T1D, they must first traffic to the islets and extravasate through the islet vasculature. Understanding the cues that lead to T cell entry into inflamed islets is important because diagnosed T1D patients already have established immune infiltration of their islets. Here we show that CD11c

Semantic Integration Of Clinical Laboratory Tests From Electronic Health Records For Deep Phenotyping And Biomarker Discovery., Xingmin Aaron Zhang, Amy Yates, Nicole Vasilevsky, J P Gourdine, Tiffany J Callahan, Leigh Carmody, Daniel Danis, Marcin P Joachimiak, Vida Ravanmehr, Emily R Pfaff, James Champion, Kimberly Robasky, Hao Xu, Karamarie Fecho, Nephi A Walton, Richard L Zhu, Justin Ramsdill, Christopher J Mungall, Sebastian Köhler, Melissa A Haendel, Clement J Mcdonald, Daniel J Vreeman, David B Peden, Tellen D Bennett, James A Feinstein, Blake Martin, Adrianne L Stefanski, Lawrence E Hunter, Christopher G Chute, Peter N Robinson

Faculty Research 2019

Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems typically define laboratory test results using the Laboratory Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC) and can transmit them using Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource (FHIR) standards. LOINC has not yet been semantically integrated with computational resources for phenotype analysis. Here, we provide a method for mapping LOINC-encoded laboratory test results transmitted in FHIR standards to Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms. We annotated the medical implications of 2923 commonly used laboratory tests with HPO terms. Using these annotations, our software assesses laboratory test results and converts each result into an HPO term. We validated our approach with …

2018 American Nurses Credentialing Center’S (Ancc) Magnet Conference, Barbara (Basia) Delawska-Elliott

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Are There Mortality Risks For Patients With Epilepsy Who Use Cannabis Treatments As Monotherapy?, Devon M Kollmyer, Kyla E Wright, Nicole M Warner, Michael J Doherty

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Mortality associated with cannabis used for treatment of epilepsy is not well documented. We discuss two fatalities in the setting of epilepsy and self-determined therapy with cannabis (SDTC). One patient had probable sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, the second death was due to seizure-associated drowning. Both directed SDTC over conventional anti-seizure medications. Where recreational cannabis is legal, decisions to use cannabis are often self-directed and independent of physician advice of cannabis risks, in part because physicians may not be aware of the risk of SDTC. Further study of morbidity and mortality of SDTC in patients with epilepsy is needed.

A Microbial-Based Cancer Vaccine For Induction Of Egfrviii-Specific Cd8+ T Cells And Anti-Tumor Immunity., Lauren Zebertavage, Shelly Bambina, Jessica Shugart, Alejandro Alice, Kyra D Zens, Peter Lauer, Bill Hanson, Michael J. Gough, Marka R Crittenden, Keith S Bahjat

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Dysregulated signaling via the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-family is believed to contribute to the progression of a diverse array of cancers. The most common variant of EGFR is EGFRvIII, which results from a consistent and tumor-specific in-frame deletion of exons 2-7 of the EGFR gene. This deletion generates a novel glycine at the junction and leads to constitutive ligand-independent activity. This junction forms a novel shared tumor neo-antigen with demonstrated immunogenicity in both mice and humans. A 21-amino acid peptide spanning the junctional region was selected, and then one or five copies of this 21-AA neo-peptide were incorporated into …

How Might Tissue Glucose Influence Responsive Neurostimulation Detection?, Kyla E Wright, Devon M Kollmyer, Nicole M Warner, Alan M Haltiner, Ryder P Gwinn, Michael J Doherty

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Participation In An Innovative Patient Support Program Reduces Prescription Abandonment For Adalimumab-Treated Patients In A Commercial Population., Diana Brixner, Manish Mittal, David T Rubin, Philip Mease, Harry H Liu, Matthew Davis, Arijit Ganguli, A Mark Fendrick

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Purpose: Nonadherence to indicated therapy reduces treatment effectiveness and may increase cost of care. HUMIRA Complete, a Patient Support Program (PSP), aims to reduce nonadherence in patients prescribed adalimumab (ADA). The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between participation in the PSP and prescription abandonment rates among ADA-treated patients.

Patients and methods: This longitudinal study using patient-level data from AbbVie's PSP linked with medical and pharmacy claims data included patients ≥18 years with an ADA-approved indication, ≥1 pharmacy claim for ADA, and available data ≥3 months before and ≥6 months after the index date (defined as the …

Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles As A Next-Generation Drug Delivery Platform: State Of The Art, Emerging Technologies, And Perspectives., Anubhab Mukherjee, Ariana K Waters, Pranav Kalyan, Achal Singh Achrol, Santosh Kesari, Venkata Yenugonda

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) are next-generation core-shell nanostructures, conceptually derived from both liposome and polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), where a polymer core remains enveloped by a lipid layer. Although they have garnered significant interest, they remain not yet widely exploited or ubiquitous. Recently, a fundamental transformation has occurred in the preparation of LPHNPs, characterized by a transition from a two-step to a one-step strategy, involving synchronous self-assembly of polymers and lipids. Owing to its two-in-one structure, this approach is of particular interest as a combinatorial drug delivery platform in oncology. In particular, the outer surface can be decorated in multifarious ways …

An Inflammatory Landscape For Preoperative Neurologic Deficits In Glioblastoma., Amal Katrib, Hyun-Hwan Jeong, Nina L Fransen, Kristin S Henzel, Jeremy A Miller

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Difficult Conversations., Alison Christy

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Resistance Training Volume Enhances Muscle Hypertrophy But Not Strength In Trained Men, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Bret Contreras, James Krieger, Jozo Grgic, Kenneth Delcastillo, Ramon Belliard, Andrew Alto

Publications and Research

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate muscular adaptations between low-, moderate-, and high-volume resistance training protocols in resistance-trained men.

Methods: Thirty-four healthy resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: a low-volume group performing one set per exercise per training session (n = 11), a moderate-volume group performing three sets per exercise per training session (n = 12), or a high-volume group performing five sets per exercise per training session (n = 11). Training for all routines consisted of three weekly sessions performed on nonconsecutive days for 8 wk. Muscular strength was evaluated with …

Marjolin's Tumor Complicating Chronic Periprosthetic Infection Of A Total Knee Arthroplasty, Timothy Horan, Matthew T. Wallace, Albert J. Aboulafia, Janet D. Conway

Orthopedic Surgery Resident Research

Marjolin's tumor is a term used to describe a malignancy developing in the setting of a chronic wound, infection, or other tissue subject to chronic inflammatory changes. These malignancies usually present after many years of chronicity, and can range from lower grade basal cell carcinomas to high-grade sarcomas. We present the case of a squamous cell carcinoma that developed within a chronic periprosthetic infection of a total knee arthroplasty of 7 years duration. The intra-articular location, association with an orthopaedic implant, and brief latency period are all unique features of this case.

Insight Into The Dynamics Of Apobec3g Protein In Complexes With Dna Assessed By High Speed Afm, Yangang Pan, Luda S. Shlyakhtenko, Yuri L. Lyubchenko

Journal Articles: Pharmaceutical Sciences

APOBEC3G (A3G) is a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein that restricts the HIV virus by deamination of dC to dU during reverse transcription of the viral genome. A3G has two zinc-binding domains: the N-terminal domain (NTD), which efficiently binds ssDNA, and the C-terminal catalytic domain (CTD), which supports deaminase activity of A3G. Until now, structural information on A3G has been lacking, preventing elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying its interaction with ssDNA and deaminase activity. We have recently built a computational model for the full-length A3G monomer and validated its structure using data obtained by time-lapse High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy …

Ada News Convention Daily - 2019 Day 4, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

The ADA News Daily (also called the ADA News Convention Daily) is a special edition of the ADA News published each day during American Dental Association Annual Sessions.

Fighting Opioid Addiction In The United States: Legislative Policy Review, And How Peer Supports Are Suited For Battle, Jeremiah Elsinger, Jessica Rentsch

The Graduate Review

No abstract provided.

The People Living With Hiv Stigma Index 2.0: Preliminary Results From The Dominican Republic, Project Soar

HIV and AIDS

Stigma and discrimination among people living with HIV (PLHIV) contributes to poor quality health care, coercion and violence, job loss, and exclusion from social gatherings. Addressing stigma affecting PLHIV is a global priority, given its impact on the HIV epidemic. In 2008, the Global Network of People Living with HIV, the International Community of Women Living with HIV, the International Planned Parenthood Federation, and UNAIDS launched the People Living with HIV Stigma Index (Stigma Index) to provide evidence on stigma and discrimination that can be used to advocate for the rights of PLHIV. As of November 2017, more than 100,000 …

Effect Of Tofacitinib On Patient-Reported Outcomes In Patients With Active Psoriatic Arthritis And An Inadequate Response To Tumour Necrosis Factor Inhibitors In The Phase Iii, Randomised Controlled Trial: Opal Beyond., Vibeke Strand, Kurt De Vlam, Jose A Covarrubias-Cobos, Philip Mease, Dafna D Gladman, Linda Chen, Elizabeth Kudlacz, Joseph Wu, Joseph C Cappelleri, Thijs Hendrikx, Ming-Ann Hsu

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Objectives: Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were evaluated in patients with PsA with inadequate responses to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi-IR) in a 6-month, phase III randomised controlled trial (OPAL Beyond [NCT01882439]).

Methods: Patients (N=394) received tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily or placebo (advancing to tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily at month 3). Least squares mean changes from baseline and percentages of patients reporting improvements ≥minimum clinically important differences and scores ≥normative values were determined in Patient Global Assessment of disease activity (PtGA), Pain, Patient …

Validating The 3d And 2d Mandibular Plane To The Frankfort Plane For Craniofacial Measurement, Jason Jyun-Chen Kuo, Ellen Wen-Ching Ko

Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics

Purpose: This study evaluated whether the three-dimensional (3D) plane-to-plane mandibular plane angle measurement method could be applied in clinical analysis in a manner similar to the application of conventional two-dimensional (2D) cephalometric measurement, regardless of whether patients had symmetrical planes. Patients and methods: This retrospective study selected 30 patients who had undergone both lateral cephalometric radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The 2D measurement was manually traced from the lateral cephalometric radiographs for the Frankfort horizontal plane line and mandibular plane line (2D FMA). The 3D reconstructions for each patient in the CBCT were evaluated using 3D software and …

Experiences Of Formal Caregivers Providing Dementia Care To American Indians, Damon Grew Peter Syphers, C.J. Schumaker, Ronald P. Hudak

Journal of Sustainable Social Impact

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a significant public health concern for all elders in the United States. It is a particular concern for the American Indian (AI) population, which is one of the fastest aging populations in the United States and the smallest, most underrecognized, and most culturally diverse group in the country. A formal caregiver understanding of AD in the AI population is scarce. This phenomenological study was designed to discern what is known about AD in the AI population by exploring the cultural beliefs and experiences of formal caregivers who provide care for AI dementia patients. Specifically, this study …

How Do The Exercise Practices Of Registered Dietitian Nutritionists Affect Their Exercise Recommendations To Their Patients/Clients?, Ledy Ann Cordero, Kristen Muzio, Ian Karundeng

Loma Linda University Research Reports

Background: Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) are experts in food and nutrition serving to advance the profession and nation's health. As the population becomes increasingly aware of how nutrition and exercise can positively impact one's quality of life and prevent many chronic diseases, they may seek guidance from nutrition and exercise professionals for assistance in developing their personal health strategies.

Objective: To determine the exercise practices of RDNs across the United States and how their perceptions and habits of their exercise practices may affect their exercise recommendations to their patients and/or clients.

Design: This mixed methods study gathered …

The Effects Of 8 Oz Of Fresh Vs. Commercial Orange Juice On Blood Pressure In Normotensive Males Aged 18-59, Cheng Yi Wong, Izac Dinio

Loma Linda University Research Reports

Background: Oranges have been known to possess numerous health benefits for humans as they are rich in vitamin C, A, and potassium. Citrus fruits contain a substance known as “citrus sinensis juice” which boosts immune function and aids in wound healing. Sinensis juice can also reduce blood pressure, inflammation, and risk of cardiovascular disease.

Objective: To determine the effects of drinking eight ounces of fresh vs. commercial orange juice on blood pressure in healthy normotensive males ages 18-59 years.

Design: Randomized, single-blinded, crossover study.

Participants: Healthy males aged 18-59 years, willing to keep the same lifestyle, …

The Role Of Serum Histones In Canine Heat Stroke, Jenna Acutt

Scripps Senior Theses

Rising temperatures all over the world has correlated with more frequent heat stroke related injuries and death. This statistic not only applies to humans, but to canines as well, who have similar body temperature thresholds. Recent studies have demonstrated that serum histones, released after cell death from heat stroke, play a role in heat stroke related injuries and death. This proposal aims to determine the severity of the effects caused by serum histone release after heat stroke by exposing selected canine cell lines to cell lysate and purified histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, which have been found to be …

An Analysis And Critique Of Mental Health Treatment In American State Prisons And Proposal For Improved Care, Shelby Hayne

Scripps Senior Theses

Mental health treatment in state prisons is revealed to be highly variable, under-funded, and systematically inadequate. Existing literature exposes this injustice but fails to provide a comprehensive proposal for reform. This paper attempts to fill that gap, outlining a cost-effective, evidence-based treatment proposal, directly addressing the deficits in care revealed through analysis of our current system. In addition, this paper provides historical overviews of the prison system and mental health treatment, utilizing theoretical perspectives to contextualize this proposal in the present state of affairs. Lastly, the evidence is provided to emphasize the potential economic and social benefits of improving mental …

General Nutrition Knowledge Among High School Students, Annique Cornejo

Loma Linda University Research Reports

Background: Obesity now affects 1-in-5 children and adolescents in the United States. As of 2018, the prevalence of obesity has reached 18.5% and affects about 13.7 million children. Obese children are at increased risk for high blood pressure and high cholesterol that can lead to cardiovascular disease, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Since health habits are commonly established during the formative years, it is imperative that good food choices and basic knowledge about nutrition be taught at an early age. This study examined whether students had received sufficient teaching about nutrition, particularly as it relates …