Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Beneficial Effect Of Weight Reduction On Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes Following Bariatric Surgery Is Attenuated In Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Ahmed Dalmar, Maharaj Singh, Bennet Pandey, Christopher Stoming, Zoe Heis, Khawaja Afzal Ammar, M. Fuad Jan, Indrajit Choudhuri, Thomas Y. Chua, Jasbir Sra, A. Jamil Tajik, Arshad Jahangir

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Weight loss after bariatric surgery is associated with reduction in adverse cardiovascular outcomes; however, the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on reduction of cardiovascular outcomes after bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients is not known. We retrospectively assessed differences in cardiovascular events after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB)–induced weight loss in patients with and without OSA before and after propensity score matching for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and major comorbidities between the two groups and determined predictors of poor outcomes. OSA was present in 222 out of 830 patients (27 per cent) who underwent LAGB between 2001 …

Bovine Mastitis Resistance: Novel Quantitative Trait Loci And The Role Of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells, Jacqueline P. Kurz

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Bovine mastitis, or inflammation of the mammary gland, has substantial economic and animal welfare implications. A genetic basis for mastitis resistance traits is recognized and can be used to guide selective breeding programs. The discovery of regions of the genome associated with mastitis resistance, and knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible, can facilitate development of efficient mastitis control and therapeutic strategies. The objectives of this dissertation research were to identify sites of genetic variation associated with mastitis resistance, and to define the contributions of the milk-secreting epithelial cells to mammary gland immune responses and mastitis resistance. Twenty seven regions …

Evaluation Of Oocyte Developmental Competence And Potential Strategies To Improve Oocyte Quality, Min Yang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have now been extensively used to promote reproductive efficiency as a fertility treatment not only in human medicine but also animal reproduction. ARTs serve as an important tool to advance the fundamental knowledge of reproductive processes. The quality of female’s eggs defines its ability to undergo maturation, fertilization, and development. This quality is determined by various factors and is crucial for the success of ARTs. Any alternations happening during the egg growth and maturation process can result in the decreased quality, which could have long-lasting effects on development. Improving the developmental efficiency of the egg is …

Breeding Season Ecology And Demography Of Lesser Scaup (Aythya Affinis) At Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, Jeffrey M. Warren

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

It is hypothesized that individuals make reproductive decisions based on current assessments of their physiological condition and environmental conditions. For female lesser scaup (Aythya affinis), breeding occurs after an energetically costly spring migration. Increasing fat reserves (i.e., ‘body condition’) prior to breeding allows a female to produce a larger clutch of eggs, but time spent gaining body condition is costly in terms of time allowed to raise ducklings before freezing conditions in the fall. In Chapter 2 I explored rate of pre-breeding body condition gain in female lesser scaup, and how that rate influenced clutch size. Spring phenology, …

Effect Of High Intensity Ultrasound On The Crystallization Behavior Of Interesterified Fats, Jeta Vijay Kadamne

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The process of partial hydrogenation produces trans fats and the fats that undergo this process are called partially hydrogenated fats (PHF). Clinical studies have shown a strong association between PHF and coronary heart diseases. In 2015 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration removed the Generally recognized as safe or "GRAS" status of PHF. These fats were used in confectionary, margarines, shortenings, doughnuts, cookies, cakes, etc. The PHF serve a function in food by providing a higher shelf life and a desired harder structure due to their higher melting point. Hence, the food industry is currently looking for PHF alternatives which …

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medication Abuse At The University Of Arkansas, Morgan Mutti

Supply Chain Management Undergraduate Honors Theses

When a student enters the University of Arkansas, ADHD medications are frequently introduced and classified by students as a common aid for studying. Because the University does not have a specific program to inform and warn students about the consequences of ADHD medication abuse, students who are new to the vigorous demands of college can easily start inadvertently taking the medication.

To further knowledge on ADHD medication abuse at the University of Arkansas and its effects, a student research study was conducted. This study includes the history of ADHD as well as brief inspections of current studies on Attention Deficit …

J Mich Dent Assoc May 2018

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Archival issues of the Journal of the Michigan Dental Association may include reports on the activities of the association and its members, clinical articles, information on legal and ethical practice considerations, and perspectives of interest to MDA members and those in the oral health profession.

Emergence Of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae In Abu Dhabi, 2009-2015, Aqdas Bilal Butt

Theses

The rapid emergence of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a global phenomenon that has not spared the United Arab Emirates. However, unlike in most Western countries with similarly developed health care system, very little data have been available locally on the rate and dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in general, and that of CRE, in particular. Our laboratory has been collecting CRE isolates from Abu Dhabi hospitals since 2009. In the current study we subjected 394 such independent strains, representing 34.0% of the total CRE encountered, to a detailed analysis that included the determination of their antibiotic susceptibility profile, of the …

Insights Into The Genetic Epidemiology Of Crohn's And Rare Diseases In The Ashkenazi Jewish Population, Manuel A. Rivas, Brandon E. Avila, Jukka Koskela, Hailiang Huang, Christine Stevens, Matti Pirinen, Talin Haritunians, Benjamin M. Neale, Mitja Kurki, John Blangero, Joanne E. Curran

School of Medicine Publications

As part of a broader collaborative network of exome sequencing studies, we developed a jointly called data set of 5,685 Ashkenazi Jewish exomes. We make publicly available a resource of site and allele frequencies, which should serve as a reference for medical genetics in the Ashkenazim (hosted in part at https://ibd.broadinstitute.org, also available in gnomAD at http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org). We estimate that 34% of protein-coding alleles present in the Ashkenazi Jewish population at frequencies greater than 0.2% are significantly more frequent (mean 15-fold) than their maximum frequency observed in other reference populations. Arising via a well-described founder effect approximately 30 …

Choline Supplementation Prevents A Hallmark Disturbance Of Kwashiorkor In Weanling Mice Fed A Maize Vegetable Diet: Hepatic Steatosis Of Undernutrition, Thaddaeus May, Kevin C. Klatt, Jacob Smith, Eumenia Castro, Mark Manary, Marie A. Caudill, Farook Jahoor, Marta L. Fiorotto

School of Medicine Publications

Hepatic steatosis is a hallmark feature of kwashiorkor malnutrition. However, the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis in kwashiorkor is uncertain. Our objective was to develop a mouse model of childhood undernutrition in order to test the hypothesis that feeding a maize vegetable diet (MVD), like that consumed by children at risk for kwashiorkor, will cause hepatic steatosis which is prevented by supplementation with choline. A MVD was developed with locally sourced organic ingredients, and fed to weanling mice (n = 9) for 6 or 13 days. An additional group of mice (n = 4) were fed a choline supplemented MVD. Weight, …

Epigenetics, Microbiota, And Intraocular Inflammation: New Paradigms Of Immune Regulation In The Eye, Paul W. Bible, Xiaofeng Wen, Xiao Hu, Li Miao, Yuhua Deng, Lai Wei

Computer Science Faculty publications

Sight threatening immune responses that damage the eye characterize intraocular inflammatory diseases. These diseases including uveitis and age-related macular degeneration are worryingly common and quality of life shattering. Genetic studies in past decades significantly advanced our understanding of the etiology of these devastating diseases. Unfortunately, patient genetics alone failed to adequately explain disease origin, susceptibility, and progression. Non-genetic factors such as the epigenetic regulation of ocular diseases and the environmental factors triggering intraocular inflammation offer new insight into intraocular inflammatory disorders. Importantly, mounting evidence is signaling that dysbiosis of human microbiota leads to rapid epigenomic reprograming of host cells …

Decreased Expression Of Tim-3 On Th17 Cells Associated With Ophthalmopathy In Patients With Graves’ Disease, Paul W. Bible, J. Zhao, B. Lin, H. Deng, X. Zhi, Et Al.

Computer Science Faculty publications

Purpose : Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy (TAO) is one of the most common orbital immunological diseases in adults. CD4 + helper T (Th) cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of TAO. But the mechanisms regulating CD4 + T cell activity is unclear. This study examines T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) expression in helper T cell type 1 (Th1), Th17, and regulatory T cells in sufferers of TAO.

Methods : Participants were divided into 3 groups: patients with TAO, patients with Graves’ disease but without orbitopathy (GD), and healthy control patients (HC). Peripheral blood samples were collected for …

Genetic Analysis Of Deep Phenotyping Projects In Common Disorders, Elliot S. Gershon, Godfrey Pearlson, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Carol Tamminga, Ney Alliey Rodriguez

School of Medicine Publications

Several studies of complex psychotic disorders with large numbers of neurobiological phenotypes are currently under way, in living patients and controls, and on assemblies of brain specimens. Genetic analyses of such data typically present challenges, because of the choice of underlying hypotheses on genetic architecture of the studied disorders and phenotypes, large numbers of phenotypes, the appropriate multiple testing corrections, limited numbers of subjects, imputations required on missing phenotypes and genotypes, and the cross-disciplinary nature of the phenotype measures. Advances in genotype and phenotype imputation, and in genome-wide association (GWAS) methods, are useful in dealing with these challenges. As compared …

Principal Component Analysis Of Early Alcohol, Drug And Tobacco Use With Major Depressive Disorder In Us Adults, Kesheng Wang, Ying Liu, Youssoufou Ouedraogo, Nianyang Wang, Xin Xie, Chun Xu, Xingguang Luo

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Early alcohol, tobacco and drug use prior to 18 years old are comorbid and correlated. This study included 6239 adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) in the past year and 72,010 controls from the combined data of 2013 and 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). To deal with multicollinearity existing among 17 variables related to early alcohol, tobacco and drug use prior to 18 years old, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to infer PC scores and then use weighted multiple logistic regression analyses to estimate the associations of potential factors and PC scores with MDD. The …

Harnessing Social Media To Explore Youth Social Withdrawal In Three Major Cities In China: Cross-Sectional Web Survey, Lucia Lin Liu, Tim Mh Li, Alan R. Teo, Takahiro A. Kato, Paul W.C. Wong

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Socially withdrawn youth belong to an emerging subgroup of youth who are not in employment, education, or training and who have limited social interaction intention and opportunities. The use of the internet and social media is expected to be an alternative and feasible way to reach this group of young people because of their reclusive nature.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of using various social media platforms to investigate the existence of the phenomenon of youth social withdrawal in 3 major cities in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional open Web survey …

Reaching Those At Risk For Psychiatric Disorders And Suicidal Ideation: Facebook Advertisements To Recruit Military Veterans, Alan R. Teo, Samuel B.L. Liebow, Benjamin Chan, Steven K. Dobscha, Amanda L. Graham

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Younger military veterans are at high risk for psychiatric disorders and suicide. Reaching and engaging veterans in mental health care and research is challenging. Social media platforms may be an effective channel to connect with veterans.

Objective: This study tested the effectiveness of Facebook advertisements in reaching and recruiting Iraq and Afghanistan-era military veterans in a research study focused on mental health.

Methods: Facebook ads requesting participation in an online health survey ran for six weeks in 2017. Ads varied imagery and headlines. Validated instruments were used to screen for psychiatric disorders and suicidality. Outcomes included impressions, click-through rate, …

Oregon Medicaid Expenditures After The 2014 Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion: Over-Time Differences Among New, Returning, And Continuously Insured Enrollees, Rachel Springer, Miguel Marino, Jean P. O'Malley, Stephan R. Lindner, Nathalie Huguet, Jennifer E. Devoe

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background—There is interest in assessing healthcare utilization and expenditures among new Medicaid enrollees after the 2014 Medicaid expansion. Recent studies have not differentiated between newly enrolled individuals and those returning after coverage gaps.

Objectives—To assess healthcare expenditures among Medicaid enrollees in the 24 months after Oregon’s 2014 Medicaid expansions and examine whether expenditure patterns were different among the newly, returning, and continuously insured.

Research Design—Retrospective cohort study using inverse-propensity weights to adjust for differences between groups.

Subjects—Oregon adult Medicaid beneficiaries insured continuously from 2014-2015 who were either newly, returning, or continuously insured.

Measures—Monthly expenditures for inpatient care, prescription drugs, total …

Prostate Cancer Screening Trends After United States Preventative Services Task Force Guidelines In An Underserved Population, Neel Patel, Jonathan B. Bloom, Joel Hillelsohn, Sean Fullerton, Denton Allman, Majid Eshghi, John L. Phillips

NYMC Faculty Publications

Purpose: Prostate cancer screening is a controversial topic. We examined trends in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing in an underserved population before and after the United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation against screening. Methods: Data were collected on all PSA and cholesterol screening tests from 2008 to 2014. We examined the trend of these tests and prostate biopsies while comparing this data to lipid panel data to adjust for changes in patient population. Results: A decrease in PSA screening was observed from 2010 through 2014, with the greatest decline in 2012. The age group most affected was patients …

Mobile Personal Health Monitoring For Automated Classification Of Electrocardiogram Signals In Elderly, Luis J. Mena, Vanessa G. Felix, Alberto Ochoa, Rodolfo Ostos, Eduardo Gonzalez, Javier Aspuru, Pablo Velarde, Gladys E. Maestre

School of Medicine Publications

Mobile electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is an emerging area that has received increasing attention in recent years, but still real-life validation for elderly residing in low and middle-income countries is scarce. We developed a wearable ECG monitor that is integrated with a self-designed wireless sensor for ECG signal acquisition. It is used with a native purposely designed smartphone application, based on machine learning techniques, for automated classification of captured ECG beats from aged people. When tested on 100 older adults, the monitoring system discriminated normal and abnormal ECG signals with a high degree of accuracy (97%), sensitivity (100%), and specificity (96.6%). …

A Review Of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injections For Osteoarthritis, Ammar Qureshi, Jill Goodwin, Franklin D. Shuler, Timothy Wilson-Byrne, John J. Jasko, Charles Giangarra

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injections for osteoarthritis is reviewed.

Methods- PubMed search identifying articles in English from 2003-2018 that used intra- articular injection (IA), cartilage repair, cartilage regeneration, chondral injury, adipose stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, or autologous stem cells.

Results – 388 patients receiving IA MSC injections are discussed with data obtained from 10 case reports or case series, 4 randomized clinical trials (RCT), 1 cohort study, and 3 case controlled therapeutic studies.

Conclusions – MSC injections may be an effective adjunct in the management of osteoarthritis and a variety of cartilage related pathologies.

Effect Of Removing Outliers On Statistical Inference: Implications To Interpretation Of Experimental Data In Medical Research, Todd W. Gress, James Denvir, Joseph I. Shapiro

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Background Data editing with elimination of “outliers” is commonly performed in the biomedical sciences. The effects of this type of data editing could influence study results, and with the vast and expanding amount of research in medicine, this effect would be magnified.

Methods and Results We first performed an anonymous survey of medical school faculty at institutions across the United States and found that indeed some form of outlier exclusion was performed by a large percentage of the respondents to the survey. We next performed Monte Carlo simulations of excluding high and low values from samplings from the same normal …

The Effect Of Hepatitis C On Maternal Bile Acid Level And The Fetal Left Ventricular Tei Index, Kelly Cummings, Jesse Cottrell, Songthip Ounpraseuth, Ryan Stone, David G. Chaffin, Everett Magann

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Hepatitis C (HCV) is a common form of liver disease encountered in pregnancy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if hepatitis C is associated with elevated maternal serum bile acids and abnormal fetal cardiac function measured by the left ventricular Tei index in the absence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. This is a prospective cohort study on pregnant women with hepatitis C seen through Marshall University’s high-risk obstetrics clinic from 2013 to 2014. Women with hepatitis C had a laboratory evaluation and an ultrasound on the fetus to calculate the left ventricular Tei index. Demographic information and delivery …

Ecg Measurement Parameters Of Athletes Are Reliable When Made With A Smartphone Based Ecg Device, Andrew Gilliland, Mark Timmons, Jeffrey K. Harris, Stephen M. Petrany, Terry A. Shepherd, Grant S. Buchanan, Nicole Decker, Charles Giangarra

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Pre-participation cardiac screening including electrocardiogram (ECG) is a subject of controversy among sports medicine practitioners. Opponents of pre-participation ECG screen site concerns regarding the cost and accuracy of the testing. Recently, a single lead ECG accessory has become available for use with smartphones. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the between and within rater validity and reliability of the Kardia device in recording the ECG parameters rate, rhythm, and PR, QRS, and QT intervals. The ECG parameter made with the smartphone were also compared to same measures made using a 12 lead electrocardiograph.

This investigation used a repeated …

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Review Of Dsm Criteria And Functional Neuroanatomy, Cornelius W. Thomas

Marshall Journal of Medicine

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) consist of over twenty possible symptoms that can be divided into six broad categories. These categories correlate with specific brain networks that regulate emotions, behaviors, and autonomic function. Normal functioning of these networks depends on two key regions; the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala. The prefrontal cortex provides top-down executive control over amygdala, whereas the amygdala is critical for threat detection and activation of the ‘fight or flight’ response. Events that trigger extreme and/or prolonged fear can cause persisting dysregulation within the prefrontal-amygdala circuit; resulting …

Pyomyositis Mistaken For Septic Hip Arthritis In Children: The Role Of Mri In Diagnosis And Management, Franklin D. Shuler, Grant S. Buchanan, Cody Stover, Brock Johnson, Milad Modarresi, John J. Jasko

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Septic arthritis is an orthopaedic emergency which requires timely management to prevent joint destruction and poor outcome. Differentiating septic arthritis from transient synovitis in pediatric patients is aided by the use of Kocher criteria which have excellent sensitivity but lack specificity. In addition to these two disorders, primary pyomyositis is bacterial infection of skeletal muscle that most commonly affects children. Patients present with pain, swelling, fever, and elevated inflammatory markers which mimics septic arthritis. If left untreated, pyomyositis can lead to abscess formation and sepsis.

Due to potential for nearly identical presentations of septic arthritis and pyomyositis, differentiation of these …

Urgent Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Due To Multi- Vessel Coronary Aneurysm, Obadah Aqtash, Ahmed Amro, Bilal Alam, Amal Sobeih, Melissa Lester, Rameez Sayyed

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Coronary Artery Aneurysm (CAA) is defined as a dilation of more than 1.5 times normal in a segment of the coronary artery. While the incidence of CAA is highest in the Right Coronary Artery (RCA), it is agreed that left main coronary artery or three-vessel involvement is extremely rare. Wide ranges of factors have been implicated in the cause of CAA with atherosclerosis being the most common at 50%. Congenital CAA occurs in 20-30% of cases followed by connective tissue disease at 10%. Blood stagnation and exposure of the underlying collagen make aneurysms prone to thrombosis, dissection, and vasospasm. Depending …

Going Beyond The Final Impression With Radiologic Data In The Era Of Clerical Medicine: A Case Report Of Coronary Artery Disease Found Incidentally On Computed Tomography, Andrea M. Lauffer

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Introduction:

Given the challenges in modern healthcare, physicians find themselves devoting a great deal of mental and emotional energy into executing the appropriate care for patients as well as performing their daily clerical duties. Many clinicians have resorted to innovative ways to minimize their tasks which often leads to narrowing the focus of a patient’s overall care and the birth of medical errors described in the Swiss cheese effect model.

Case Description:

A 66 year old male established care with a new primary care physician. Previous radiologic data revealed a pulmonary nodule that did not have appropriate follow up imaging. …

Why Introduce Machine Learning To Rural Health Care?, Alfred A. Cecchetti

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Machine learning, the process of teaching a machine to recognize patterns without explicitly being programmed, can provide to medical personnel a powerful tool that can dramatically improve rural patient health.

Advancing The Mountain State, Appalachia, And Beyond, Darshana T. Shah

Marshall Journal of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Does Early Exposure To Caffeine Promote Smoking And Alcohol Use Behavior? A Prospective Analysis Of Middle School Students, Alfgeir L. Kristjansson, Steven M. Kogan, Michael J. Mann, Megan L. Smith, Laura M. Juliano, Christa L. Lilly, Jack E. James

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background and Aims Despite the negative consequences associated with caffeine use among children and youth, its use is increasingly widespread among middle school students. Cross‐sectional studies reveal links between caffeine and other substance use. The potential for caffeine use to confer increased vulnerability to substance use, however, has not been investigated using prospective designs. We hypothesized that caffeine use at baseline would be associated positively with increased alcohol use, drunkenness, smoking and e‐cigarette use. Design Prospective cohort study with 12 months separating baseline from follow‐up. Setting West Virginia, USA. Participants Middle school students (6th and 7th grades; n = 3932) …